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Shell starts oil production from deepwater Gulf of Mexico Whale development

Shell Offshore Inc. (Shell), a subsidiary of Shell plc, has started oil production at its Whale floating production platform, the company’s 14th deep-water development in the Gulf of Mexico.  The start marks the first time that oil production at a Shell deep-water platform has been started from a control room on land, according to the […]

Shell Offshore Inc. (Shell), a subsidiary of Shell plc, has started oil production at its Whale floating production platform, the company’s 14th deep-water development in the Gulf of Mexico. 

The start marks the first time that oil production at a Shell deep-water platform has been started from a control room on land, according to the company website.

The semisubmersible Whale platform lies in the Alaminos Canyon Block 773 in more than 8,600 ft (2,600 m) of water adjacent to the Shell-operated Silvertip field, around 16 km from the Shell-operated Perdido platform, and around 320 km south of Houston. A total of 15 wells are to be tied back in the first phase of development. 

Shell took final investment decision (FID) for the Whale US Gulf of Mexico deepwater development project in 2021 after being delayed by cash-saving measures brought on by the pandemic (OGJ Online, July 26, 2021).

The operator made the Paleogene discovery in the Perdido area in 2017, encountering 1,400 net ft of oil-bearing pay (OGJ Online, Jan. 18, 2018). 

With an estimated peak production of 100,000 gross boe/d, Whale currently has an estimated recoverable resource volume of 480 MMboe, according to the operator.  

Design efficiency, GHG reduction efforts

Whale replicates the simplified, cost-efficient host design of the Vito platform—a four-column semi-submersible host platform in the greater Mars Corridor—which began production in early 2023. Whale replicates 99% of the hull design and 80% of the topsides from Vito.

Waste-heat recovery units were fitted to all the power turbines. Instead of being released into the atmosphere, the energy is to be reused to heat raw fluids for export from the platform. Overall, the use of energy-efficient gas turbines and compression systems are expected to help the platform operate with about 30% lower greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity over its life cycle than Vito, according to Shell. 

Shell Offshore is operator of the Whale development with 60% interest. Chevron USA Inc. holds the remaining 40%.

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Why enterprise networks need both reach and resilience

As enterprises expand across regions, so do their cloud platforms and digital ecosystems. But with the rise of AI and its unprecedented appetite for data, networks are now under more pressure. Many businesses are learning the limits of legacy architecture the hard way. In the race to meet today’s standard

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Can your network handle the demands of today’s connected workplace?

Enterprise innovation is accelerating at a dizzying pace, from AI-powered applications and real-time data platforms to immersive customer experiences. Solutions like Microsoft Copilot are transforming productivity. Platforms-as-a-Service, such as Lattice, are reimagining how teams collaborate and grow. But beneath this digital renaissance lies the hard truth: none of it works

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Groups decry Senate’s elimination of building efficiency deduction

HVAC and other industry groups are trying to retain a federal incentive for making commercial buildings more energy efficient after the U.S. Senate eliminated the Section 179D Energy Efficient Commercial Building Deduction in the 940-page domestic policy bill it passed Tuesday morning. “Section 179D … helps HVACR contractors, building owners, and the broader skilled-trades community improve energy efficiency and strengthen America’s built environment,” Air Conditioning Contractors of America said in a letter to congressional leaders last week. The group shared a summary of the letter on its website.  The provision lets owners deduct more than $1 per square foot on their federal taxes for installing LED lights, replacing old HVAC systems and making envelope renovations that improve the efficiency of their buildings. The deduction can increase to more than $5 per square foot if prevailing wage and other labor requirements are met. Supporters say the deduction has grown in value in amendments Congress has made to it since its enactment in 2005.   “Section 179D is no longer a niche benefit — it is a mainstream, high-impact opportunity when making energy-efficient upgrades,” Carey Heyman and Agatha Li of accounting firm CliftonLarsonAllen say in an information page on the provision.  In their article on the program, the accountants said they worked with a company last year that owns a 250,000-square foot Class A office building. The company was able to get a $3-per-square-foot deduction — $750,000 total —  after installing LED lights and upgrading the HVAC system while achieving compliance with prevailing wage standards. “This deduction significantly reduced the firm’s taxable income, offset the capital improvement costs, and increased the building’s appeal to sustainability-conscious tenants,” the accountants said.  In a letter last week to congressional leaders, the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association called the deduction the most important of

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Base Power, GVEC partner on 2-MW Texas VPP

Dive Brief: South Central Texas cooperative Guadalupe Valley Electric Cooperative has partnered with distributed energy developer Base Power on a 2-MW virtual power plant that will provide residential customers with electricity in the event of a blackout, while also allowing the utility to use home batteries for price arbitrage and transmission cost management. The battery systems are installed in new homes constructed by Lennar and will be operated directly by GVEC using Base Power’s proprietary software platform. In the future, GVEC and Base Power will work together to qualify the aggregated battery capacity in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas’ aggregated distributed energy resource, or ADER, pilot program, Gary Coke, GVEC power supply manager, said in an email. The batteries will be owned by Base Power. Dive Insight: The virtual power plant builds on Base Power’s ongoing collaboration with Lennar to install batteries in new homes. “GVEC has no direct relationship with our members in relation to this program,” Coke said. “The member selects the system as an option on the home and as a part of that selection acknowledges GVEC has the right to control the system, and we compensate Base for the exclusive right to access the batteries.” The program has already begun, with nine battery systems installed for just over 100 kW of capacity and 225 kWh of energy, Coke said. “We expect to reach 20 systems by the end of July.”  GVEC is already operating the installed batteries for transmission cost reduction during the summer and will continue to do so through September, corresponding to ERCOT’s 4CP program managing peak demand. The cooperative will also regularly operate the batteries for price arbitrage during periods of high pricing in the ERCOT market, Coke said. And the utility will work with Base Power to qualify the batteries for ADER. ADER launched in

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How regulators can protect hydrogen customers while enabling innovation

How regulators can protect hydrogen customers while enabling innovation | Utility Dive Skip to main content An article from Opinion By asking key questions, regulators can distinguish between fruitful and wasteful hydrogen projects. And by taking a holistic view and engaging with others, they can bring stability to the industry. Published July 2, 2025 By Dan Esposito and Mike O’Boyle audioundwerbung via Getty Images Dan Esposito is manager, fuels and chemicals, and Mike O’Boyle is senior director, electricity, at Energy Innovation. Congressional Republicans may terminate the 45V Clean Hydrogen Production Tax Credit, the Trump administration is reportedly discussing canceling several Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs and hydrogen developers are abandoning projects. Yet recent clean hydrogen forecasts suggested rapid near-term growth, with debates raging about where and how to produce and use the molecule. Energy regulators worldwide will have to ride the hydrogen hype rollercoaster. Hydrogen production implicates electricity load growth and natural gas demand, and electric and gas utilities are eyeing hydrogen for power generation and gas delivery services, respectively. Gas utilities are also exploring retrofitting natural gas infrastructure for hydrogen transport or developing and owning purpose-built hydrogen pipelines. Energy Innovation and the Regulatory Energy Transition Accelerator convened nearly 80 regulators from 37 jurisdictions to discuss emerging hydrogen challenges and share experiences. This culminated in a new resource aiming to help regulators understand how hydrogen will interact with regulated networks and prepare to assess the prudence of utilities’ hydrogen proposals. Map of countries with regulators participating in the Energy Innovation – Regulatory Energy Transition Accelerator hydrogen workshops. Permission granted by Energy Innovation Regulators already feel tension on hydrogen: moving too quickly risks a bloated rate base and stranded assets, with underinvestment in more cost-effective technologies for achieving utilities’ goals; however, moving too slowly risks arresting innovation, missing policy goals and forgoing

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Texas Oil Regulator Launches DOGE Task Force

Texas Railroad Commissioner Wayne Christian announced the launch of the “Delivering Oil and Gas Efficiently (DOGE) Task Force” in a statement posted on the Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC) website recently. DOGE is described in the statement as “a new internal initiative focused on improving processes, enhancing communication, and strengthening the Railroad Commission of Texas as a responsive, pro-business agency”. The statement noted that the DOGE initiative “is not about cutting personnel – it’s about cutting delays, confusion, and outdated systems”. “The goal is to work alongside agency staff to identify what is working, what needs improving, and where small changes could lead to big wins for both the public and the regulated community,” the RRC statement said. The statement noted that the task force will conduct a top to bottom review of permitting, compliance, communication, and internal processes, with input from both internal teams and industry and public stakeholders. This includes “organizing in-person and virtual town halls”, “standing up a dedicated casework team”, “auditing outdated or duplicative rules”, and “exploring common sense reforms to hearing procedures”, the statement outlined. “As a lifelong conservative, I believe government works best when it’s limited, efficient, and accountable,” Christian said in the statement. “The DOGE Task Force is about making sure our agency runs smarter – not bigger – and that we continue to serve the people of Texas with excellence,” he added. “Texans deserve an agency that reflects the state’s can-do spirit … That means being open to change, listening to the people we serve, and making sure we’re spending time and resources on what really matters,” he continued. “This is about working better together, breaking down silos, and making sure our systems serve the mission, not the other way around,” Christian went on to state. In a separate statement posted on its site last

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VC Summer Nuclear Station in South Carolina Gets 20-Year Extension

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has granted V.C. Summer Nuclear Station Unit 1 in Jenkinsville, South Carolina, a 20-year extension to operate through 2062. “V.C. Summer Nuclear Station has provided reliable, affordable and increasingly clean energy for our customers in the Palmetto State for more than 40 years”, Dominion Energy chief nuclear officer Eric Carr said in an online statement Tuesday. “With steady population growth and economic development, South Carolina will continue to need a clean and reliable workhorse like V.C. Summer to power our customers’ homes and businesses around the clock well into the future”. The 966-megawatt plant powers customers of Dominion Energy and state-owned Santee Cooper. It can serve nearly 242,000 homes according to Dominion Energy. The facility is a three-loop Westinghouse pressurized water reactor operated with oversight from the NRC. V.C. Summer had been licensed to operate from 1982 to 2022. A renewal awarded 2004 extended its life for 20 years to 2042. The new extension secures operation through August 2062. “To ensure V.C. Summer’s longevity, Dominion Energy regularly performs maintenance and conducts upgrades at the station, including recently replacing the main transformer”, the Richmond, Virginia-based utility said. “Dominion Energy will continue to invest in V.C. Summer to ensure it operates at the highest levels of safety and performance for the life of the station”. Dominion Energy – which provides regulated electricity service to 3.6 million homes and businesses in Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina, as well as regulated natural gas service to 500,000 customers in South Carolina – filed a letter of intention in December 2023 on the potential license extension of two other nuclear units. The expression of intent was for Units 2 and 3 of Millstone Power Station (MPS) in Waterford Connecticut, which Dominion Energy says can power 2 million homes. MPS2 and MPS3 hold renewed licenses

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Idaho Power 20-Year Plan Aims to Add 2.15 GW of RE Capacity

Idaho Power Co. has filed a new 20-year plan that favors cleaner electricity to meet surging demand in southern Idaho and eastern Oregon. The 2026-45 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) would add about 2.15 gigawatts of renewables-sourced generation: 1,445 megawatts (MW) of solar and 700 MW of wind. The plan also eyes 885 MW of battery energy storage capacity, 611 MW of gas power via coal conversions, 550 MW from natural gas, 344 MW of energy efficiency and 20 MW of incremental demand response. The company expects its peak load to grow by around 1,700 MW over the 20 years, with nearly 1,000 MW in the next five years. “Continued customer growth is driving demand, and the average annual number of metered customers is expected to increase from the December 2024 level of nearly 648,000 to 867,000 in 2045”, the plan states. “Idaho Power’s IRP analysis has shown consistent need for transmission dating back to 2009 and the 2025 IRP again includes transmission as a cost-effective way to facilitate regional energy exchange and provide capacity and energy for Idaho Power customers”, Idaho Power says. The plan targets to start work on the 500-kilovolt (kV) Boardman-to-Hemingway transmission line, which would connect the Pacific Northwest and Idaho, in December 2027; the 500-kV Southwest Intertie Project North (SWIP-N) between Idaho and Nevada, with connectivity to the Las Vegas area, in 2028; and the 500-kV Midpoint-Hemingway #2 (Gateway West segment 8) line, in 2028 for phase 1 and in 2030 for phase 2. In other near-term goals, the plan seeks to convert Valmy units 1 and 2 from coal to gas power generation, install 125 MW of solar capacity under the company’s Clean Energy Your Way (CEYW) program and add 250 MW of storage through four-hour batteries under the company’s 2026 Request for Proposal (RFP)

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Data center capacity continues to shift to hyperscalers

However, even though colocation and on-premises data centers will continue to lose share, they will still continue to grow. They just won’t be growing as fast as hyperscalers. So, it creates the illusion of shrinkage when it’s actually just slower growth. In fact, after a sustained period of essentially no growth, on-premises data center capacity is receiving a boost thanks to genAI applications and GPU infrastructure. “While most enterprise workloads are gravitating towards cloud providers or to off-premise colo facilities, a substantial subset are staying on-premise, driving a substantial increase in enterprise GPU servers,” said John Dinsdale, a chief analyst at Synergy Research Group.

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Oracle inks $30 billion cloud deal, continuing its strong push into AI infrastructure.

He pointed out that, in addition to its continued growth, OCI has a remaining performance obligation (RPO) — total future revenue expected from contracts not yet reported as revenue — of $138 billion, a 41% increase, year over year. The company is benefiting from the immense demand for cloud computing largely driven by AI models. While traditionally an enterprise resource planning (ERP) company, Oracle launched OCI in 2016 and has been strategically investing in AI and data center infrastructure that can support gigawatts of capacity. Notably, it is a partner in the $500 billion SoftBank-backed Stargate project, along with OpenAI, Arm, Microsoft, and Nvidia, that will build out data center infrastructure in the US. Along with that, the company is reportedly spending about $40 billion on Nvidia chips for a massive new data center in Abilene, Texas, that will serve as Stargate’s first location in the country. Further, the company has signaled its plans to significantly increase its investment in Abu Dhabi to grow out its cloud and AI offerings in the UAE; has partnered with IBM to advance agentic AI; has launched more than 50 genAI use cases with Cohere; and is a key provider for ByteDance, which has said it plans to invest $20 billion in global cloud infrastructure this year, notably in Johor, Malaysia. Ellison’s plan: dominate the cloud world CTO and co-founder Larry Ellison announced in a recent earnings call Oracle’s intent to become No. 1 in cloud databases, cloud applications, and the construction and operation of cloud data centers. He said Oracle is uniquely positioned because it has so much enterprise data stored in its databases. He also highlighted the company’s flexible multi-cloud strategy and said that the latest version of its database, Oracle 23ai, is specifically tailored to the needs of AI workloads. Oracle

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Datacenter industry calls for investment after EU issues water consumption warning

CISPE’s response to the European Commission’s report warns that the resulting regulatory uncertainty could hurt the region’s economy. “Imposing new, standalone water regulations could increase costs, create regulatory fragmentation, and deter investment. This risks shifting infrastructure outside the EU, undermining both sustainability and sovereignty goals,” CISPE said in its latest policy recommendation, Advancing water resilience through digital innovation and responsible stewardship. “Such regulatory uncertainty could also reduce Europe’s attractiveness for climate-neutral infrastructure investment at a time when other regions offer clear and stable frameworks for green data growth,” it added. CISPE’s recommendations are a mix of regulatory harmonization, increased investment, and technological improvement. Currently, water reuse regulation is directed towards agriculture. Updated regulation across the bloc would encourage more efficient use of water in industrial settings such as datacenters, the asosciation said. At the same time, countries struggling with limited public sector budgets are not investing enough in water infrastructure. This could only be addressed by tapping new investment by encouraging formal public-private partnerships (PPPs), it suggested: “Such a framework would enable the development of sustainable financing models that harness private sector innovation and capital, while ensuring robust public oversight and accountability.” Nevertheless, better water management would also require real-time data gathered through networks of IoT sensors coupled to AI analytics and prediction systems. To that end, cloud datacenters were less a drain on water resources than part of the answer: “A cloud-based approach would allow water utilities and industrial users to centralize data collection, automate operational processes, and leverage machine learning algorithms for improved decision-making,” argued CISPE.

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HPE-Juniper deal clears DOJ hurdle, but settlement requires divestitures

In HPE’s press release following the court’s decision, the vendor wrote that “After close, HPE will facilitate limited access to Juniper’s advanced Mist AIOps technology.” In addition, the DOJ stated that the settlement requires HPE to divest its Instant On business and mandates that the merged firm license critical Juniper software to independent competitors. Specifically, HPE must divest its global Instant On campus and branch WLAN business, including all assets, intellectual property, R&D personnel, and customer relationships, to a DOJ-approved buyer within 180 days. Instant On is aimed primarily at the SMB arena and offers a cloud-based package of wired and wireless networking gear that’s designed for so-called out-of-the-box installation and minimal IT involvement, according to HPE. HPE and Juniper focused on the positive in reacting to the settlement. “Our agreement with the DOJ paves the way to close HPE’s acquisition of Juniper Networks and preserves the intended benefits of this deal for our customers and shareholders, while creating greater competition in the global networking market,” HPE CEO Antonio Neri said in a statement. “For the first time, customers will now have a modern network architecture alternative that can best support the demands of AI workloads. The combination of HPE Aruba Networking and Juniper Networks will provide customers with a comprehensive portfolio of secure, AI-native networking solutions, and accelerate HPE’s ability to grow in the AI data center, service provider and cloud segments.” “This marks an exciting step forward in delivering on a critical customer need – a complete portfolio of modern, secure networking solutions to connect their organizations and provide essential foundations for hybrid cloud and AI,” said Juniper Networks CEO Rami Rahim. “We look forward to closing this transaction and turning our shared vision into reality for enterprise, service provider and cloud customers.”

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Data center costs surge up to 18% as enterprises face two-year capacity drought

“AI workloads, especially training and archival, can absorb 10-20ms latency variance if offset by 30-40% cost savings and assured uptime,” said Gogia. “Des Moines and Richmond offer better interconnection diversity today than some saturated Tier-1 hubs.” Contract flexibility is also crucial. Rather than traditional long-term leases, enterprises are negotiating shorter agreements with renewal options and exploring revenue-sharing arrangements tied to business performance. Maximizing what you have With expansion becoming more costly, enterprises are getting serious about efficiency through aggressive server consolidation, sophisticated virtualization and AI-driven optimization tools that squeeze more performance from existing space. The companies performing best in this constrained market are focusing on optimization rather than expansion. Some embrace hybrid strategies blending existing on-premises infrastructure with strategic cloud partnerships, reducing dependence on traditional colocation while maintaining control over critical workloads. The long wait When might relief arrive? CBRE’s analysis shows primary markets had a record 6,350 MW under construction at year-end 2024, more than double 2023 levels. However, power capacity constraints are forcing aggressive pre-leasing and extending construction timelines to 2027 and beyond. The implications for enterprises are stark: with construction timelines extending years due to power constraints, companies are essentially locked into current infrastructure for at least the next few years. Those adapting their strategies now will be better positioned when capacity eventually returns.

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Cisco backs quantum networking startup Qunnect

In partnership with Deutsche Telekom’s T-Labs, Qunnect has set up quantum networking testbeds in New York City and Berlin. “Qunnect understands that quantum networking has to work in the real world, not just in pristine lab conditions,” Vijoy Pandey, general manager and senior vice president of Outshift by Cisco, stated in a blog about the investment. “Their room-temperature approach aligns with our quantum data center vision.” Cisco recently announced it is developing a quantum entanglement chip that could ultimately become part of the gear that will populate future quantum data centers. The chip operates at room temperature, uses minimal power, and functions using existing telecom frequencies, according to Pandey.

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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