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Ending the great network depression

This brings us to AI. In both these enterprise examples, we see the concept of a new technology model deploying from a seedling-like start in a single location and then expanding outward and, at the same time, expanding to other related areas of business operation. Through this double-build-out, to be effective, the companies have to sustain the pace of operations in each facility, which means that effectively, 5G is creating a big, single, facility, each piece of which has to synchronize with the other. To make that happen, guess what’s used? AI. Enterprises are building great AI applications, just not the sort we usually hear about. AI isn’t some Yoda-like genius sitting on the shoulder of every worker in a successful deployment, it’s a part of a business application workflow, a software component. For every one of those Yoda-like AI applications that make a minimal ten percent ROI, enterprises have found almost five workflow deployments that can double that, making this sort of AI the only kind that makes aggressive business cases. Yoda works through the worker; the optimal AI isn’t limited by human actions. It does contained things, complex things, very quickly. That’s why it’s an essential piece of both these enterprise examples I’ve talked about. Think about a supply chain like those old-fashioned bucket brigades, every step depending on being synchronized with the ones before and after. Then think about how hard it would be if you were moving things of different sizes, requiring different holds, tools, even gloves. To make that work efficiently, you’d have to be able to anticipate what was needed at the end of the line and warn everyone upstream to start prepping in time for the shift, right? That’s where AI comes in. If a plant is going to shift between products at

Read More »

The hidden infrastructure risk that could derail America’s energy transition

On May 15, 2025, federal investigators disclosed that undocumented “ghost” communication modules were embedded in some Chinese-manufactured solar inverters. China produces about 70 percent of the world’s inverters, according to the International Energy Agency. Multiply that share across the millions of distributed energy resources (DERs) the United States will deploy this decade and you have a network whose endpoints outnumber today’s central-station assets by orders of magnitude. Here’s what keeps me up at night: Each inverter, battery-management system and smart meter contains firmware and communications devices that grid operators seldom inspect and cannot easily patch. As an industry, we’re essentially deploying millions of black boxes across our critical infrastructure. The energy transition’s defining strength—scale—has become our biggest vulnerability. Why conventional defenses fall short Traditional perimeter tools were designed for a grid dominated by a few hundred control-room assets. Distributed energy completely flips that model: Scale: We’re defending millions of endpoints instead of dozens of plants Diversity: Multiple vendors, protocols and code bases make uniform hardening nearly impossible Physical exposure: Rooftop and roadside installations lack utility-grade site security Supply-chain opacity: Operators receive only “black-box” documentation of embedded components I’ve personally torn down equipment from major manufacturers and found undocumented hardware, hidden communication devices, and features that weren’t in any manual. This isn’t theoretical—it’s happening right now. Principles for a secure distributed grid After years of building and securing distributed energy systems, here’s what actually works: 1. Zero-trust architecture: Never trust vendor-supplied data paths. Ever. If you didn’t build it, assume it’s compromised. 2. Hardware agnosticism: Abstract your control logic from field devices. When (not if) you need to swap suppliers, you should be able to do it with minimal code updates. 3. Physical verification: Tear-down inspections and software bills of materials (SBOMs) must continue through the asset’s entire operational life. A

Read More »

“How much energy do I really have?” — The question costing storage owners millions

Every megawatt-hour matters. Grid demand spikes, prices surge, and systems are pushed to their limits. Energy storage system operators need to know how much energy they can count on and how quickly they can deploy it. The catch? In most grid-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS), that number is fuzzier than it seems.  Imagine operating a 100 MWh battery energy storage system. In practice, most operators hold back 10-15% of that capacity to avoid overestimating available capacity and risking a shortfall on any market commitments. That safety buffer—built around measurement uncertainty—means you’re only dispatching 85 MWh. In today’s volatile energy markets, that 10-15% margin isn’t just a technical issue. It’s a missed opportunity. Every unclaimed megawatt-hour represents lost revenue, stranded grid support capacity, and a system falling short of its full potential. Worse, usable energy loss doesn’t stop at estimation errors. Over time, hidden imbalances between individual cells begin to chip away at overall system performance, further reducing capacity and complicating operations.  Understanding State-of-Charge (SoC) Calibration Knowing how much energy is available to dispatch at any given moment is core to profitability. This is where SoC calibration comes into play: a software-enabled process that allows the battery management system (BMS) to track the state of charge of the battery with a high degree of precision.  This level of accuracy is especially important in systems using LFP batteries. Known for their long cycle life and safety, LFP batteries are widely used in grid-scale projects—but they come with a challenge: their relatively flat voltage curve between 25% and 90% SoC makes it difficult for the BMS to accurately determine SoC by the voltage curve alone during regular operations.   This is particularly problematic in markets where batteries operate within a narrow SoC band—often between 30% and 70%—to deliver ancillary services. If a

Read More »

Argentina, Eni Ink Deal for Vaca Muerta Gas Export

Italy’s Eni SpA and Argentina’s YPF SA have signed an agreement to build a liquefaction facility to enable the export of natural gas from the Vaca Muerta field in the South American country. “The agreement defines the required steps to reach the final investment decision for the phase of the project that includes the production, treatment, transportation and liquefaction installations of gas through floating units, for a total capacity of 12 million tons of LNG per year”, Eni said in an online statement. The capacity is planned to grow to up to 30 million tons per annum (MMtpa) by 2030. “Argentina LNG is a large-scale integrated, upstream and midstream gas development project designed to develop the resources of the onshore ‘Vaca Muerta’ field and serve international markets”, Eni added. The state-owned companies executed the agreement during a meeting in Rome between Argentina’s President Javier Milei and Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. “We see great interest worldwide, both from large production companies and from countries seeking to purchase gas from Vaca Muerta”, YPF chief executive Horacio Marin said April 14 as the companies announced a memorandum of understanding for Eni’s participation. Last year YPF signed a project development agreement with Shell PLC for Argentina LNG, putting the planned phase 1 capacity at 10 MMtpa at the time. Last month Golar LNG Ltd. and its partners in the Southern Energy project to export Vaca Muerta gas announced a positive FID (final investment decision) and fulfilled conditions for a 20-year redeployment of FLNG Hilli, the first of two vessels for Southern Energy. The floating LNG facility, fully acquired by Golar last year, will be chartered to the project consortium, Southern Energy SA (SESA), under a contract that is expected to start up 2027. Hilli began operation 2018 and has been deployed in Cameroon

Read More »

OPEC+ Quota Hikes Yet to Deliver Oil Surge: Morgan Stanley

The OPEC+ alliance may be boosting oil-production quotas at a significant pace in a push to restart idled capacity, but that shift has yet to translate into big gains in actual output, according to Morgan Stanley. “Notwithstanding the around 1 million-barrel-a-day increase in production quotas between March and June, an actual increase in production is hard to detect,” analysts including Martijn Rats said in a June 9 note. “Notably, it does not appear that production in Saudi Arabia has ramped up significantly.” The global oil market has been rocked in recent months by the move from eight core OPEC+ nations to relax supply restraints at a faster-than-expected pace, potentially adding supplies just as trade frictions menace demand. The surprise shift has been presented as a bid by the cartel to reclaim market share from rival drillers, as well as punish its own quota cheats. Morgan Stanley based its conclusions on a slew of data points, including refinery throughput, cargo exports, pipeline flows, and indications of stockpiling, as well as estimates for production from six different providers. Still, increases may yet be forthcoming. The Wall Street giant said that it still expected supply from the core members to rise by about 420,000 barrels a day between June and September as the cartel continues quota hikes, with about half of the increase coming from Saudi Arabia. In addition, the bank maintained its outlook for a surplus, as crude supplies from outside the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies climb by about 1.1 million barrels a day this year, outpacing global demand growth of about 800,000 barrels a day. Even without an “OPEC production increase, those two assumptions alone already produce a softer outlook for the oil market, especially after the current period of seasonal summer-strength,” the analysts said. Global benchmark Brent

Read More »

CNOOC Announces Seventh Upstream Startup in Chinese Waters This Year

CNOOC Ltd. has begun production at the Weizhou 5-3 oilfield in the South China Sea, its seventh announced startup offshore China in 2025. Weizhou 5-3 is expected to reach a peak output of about 10,000 barrels a day next year, the state-backed oil and gas explorer and producer said in an online statement Monday. The field produces medium crude. Weizhou 5-3 is in the South China Sea’s Beibu Gulf, or Gulf of Tonkin, in waters around 35 meters (114.83 feet) deep. The development includes a wellhead platform, as well as uses existing facilities. CNOOC Ltd., majority-owned by China National Offshore Oil Corp., plans to commission seven production wells and two water injection wells. CNOOC Ltd. owns 51 percent of the project. Smart Oil Investment Ltd. holds 49 percent. Previously in 2025 CNOOC Ltd. announced three startups in the Bohai Sea and three in the South China Sea. The Bohai Sea projects are the Caofeidian 6-4 oilfield adjustment, phase 2 of the Luda 5-2 North field and the Bozhong 26-6 field. The South China Sea projects are Wenchang 19-1 oilfield phase 2, the Dongfang 29-1 field and the Panyu 11-12/10-1/10-2 Oilfield Adjustment Joint Development Project. The Caofeidian 6-4 adjustment project is expected to achieve 11,000 barrels of oil equivalent a day (boed) in peak production 2026. The oil is light crude. Luda 5-2 North phase 2 could reach about 6,700 boed in peak production next year. Phase 1 went online 2022 as the first Chinese oilfield to produce from superheavy oil reservoirs through thermal recovery, according to CNOOC Ltd. It said of Luda 5-2 North phase 2, “CNOOC Limited made major technological breakthroughs in this project and significantly enhanced the development efficiency of offshore super heavy oil”. “Through optimized Jet Pump Injection-Production Technology, the project realized efficient and economic development of heavy

Read More »

Ending the great network depression

This brings us to AI. In both these enterprise examples, we see the concept of a new technology model deploying from a seedling-like start in a single location and then expanding outward and, at the same time, expanding to other related areas of business operation. Through this double-build-out, to be effective, the companies have to sustain the pace of operations in each facility, which means that effectively, 5G is creating a big, single, facility, each piece of which has to synchronize with the other. To make that happen, guess what’s used? AI. Enterprises are building great AI applications, just not the sort we usually hear about. AI isn’t some Yoda-like genius sitting on the shoulder of every worker in a successful deployment, it’s a part of a business application workflow, a software component. For every one of those Yoda-like AI applications that make a minimal ten percent ROI, enterprises have found almost five workflow deployments that can double that, making this sort of AI the only kind that makes aggressive business cases. Yoda works through the worker; the optimal AI isn’t limited by human actions. It does contained things, complex things, very quickly. That’s why it’s an essential piece of both these enterprise examples I’ve talked about. Think about a supply chain like those old-fashioned bucket brigades, every step depending on being synchronized with the ones before and after. Then think about how hard it would be if you were moving things of different sizes, requiring different holds, tools, even gloves. To make that work efficiently, you’d have to be able to anticipate what was needed at the end of the line and warn everyone upstream to start prepping in time for the shift, right? That’s where AI comes in. If a plant is going to shift between products at

Read More »

The hidden infrastructure risk that could derail America’s energy transition

On May 15, 2025, federal investigators disclosed that undocumented “ghost” communication modules were embedded in some Chinese-manufactured solar inverters. China produces about 70 percent of the world’s inverters, according to the International Energy Agency. Multiply that share across the millions of distributed energy resources (DERs) the United States will deploy this decade and you have a network whose endpoints outnumber today’s central-station assets by orders of magnitude. Here’s what keeps me up at night: Each inverter, battery-management system and smart meter contains firmware and communications devices that grid operators seldom inspect and cannot easily patch. As an industry, we’re essentially deploying millions of black boxes across our critical infrastructure. The energy transition’s defining strength—scale—has become our biggest vulnerability. Why conventional defenses fall short Traditional perimeter tools were designed for a grid dominated by a few hundred control-room assets. Distributed energy completely flips that model: Scale: We’re defending millions of endpoints instead of dozens of plants Diversity: Multiple vendors, protocols and code bases make uniform hardening nearly impossible Physical exposure: Rooftop and roadside installations lack utility-grade site security Supply-chain opacity: Operators receive only “black-box” documentation of embedded components I’ve personally torn down equipment from major manufacturers and found undocumented hardware, hidden communication devices, and features that weren’t in any manual. This isn’t theoretical—it’s happening right now. Principles for a secure distributed grid After years of building and securing distributed energy systems, here’s what actually works: 1. Zero-trust architecture: Never trust vendor-supplied data paths. Ever. If you didn’t build it, assume it’s compromised. 2. Hardware agnosticism: Abstract your control logic from field devices. When (not if) you need to swap suppliers, you should be able to do it with minimal code updates. 3. Physical verification: Tear-down inspections and software bills of materials (SBOMs) must continue through the asset’s entire operational life. A

Read More »

“How much energy do I really have?” — The question costing storage owners millions

Every megawatt-hour matters. Grid demand spikes, prices surge, and systems are pushed to their limits. Energy storage system operators need to know how much energy they can count on and how quickly they can deploy it. The catch? In most grid-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS), that number is fuzzier than it seems.  Imagine operating a 100 MWh battery energy storage system. In practice, most operators hold back 10-15% of that capacity to avoid overestimating available capacity and risking a shortfall on any market commitments. That safety buffer—built around measurement uncertainty—means you’re only dispatching 85 MWh. In today’s volatile energy markets, that 10-15% margin isn’t just a technical issue. It’s a missed opportunity. Every unclaimed megawatt-hour represents lost revenue, stranded grid support capacity, and a system falling short of its full potential. Worse, usable energy loss doesn’t stop at estimation errors. Over time, hidden imbalances between individual cells begin to chip away at overall system performance, further reducing capacity and complicating operations.  Understanding State-of-Charge (SoC) Calibration Knowing how much energy is available to dispatch at any given moment is core to profitability. This is where SoC calibration comes into play: a software-enabled process that allows the battery management system (BMS) to track the state of charge of the battery with a high degree of precision.  This level of accuracy is especially important in systems using LFP batteries. Known for their long cycle life and safety, LFP batteries are widely used in grid-scale projects—but they come with a challenge: their relatively flat voltage curve between 25% and 90% SoC makes it difficult for the BMS to accurately determine SoC by the voltage curve alone during regular operations.   This is particularly problematic in markets where batteries operate within a narrow SoC band—often between 30% and 70%—to deliver ancillary services. If a

Read More »

Argentina, Eni Ink Deal for Vaca Muerta Gas Export

Italy’s Eni SpA and Argentina’s YPF SA have signed an agreement to build a liquefaction facility to enable the export of natural gas from the Vaca Muerta field in the South American country. “The agreement defines the required steps to reach the final investment decision for the phase of the project that includes the production, treatment, transportation and liquefaction installations of gas through floating units, for a total capacity of 12 million tons of LNG per year”, Eni said in an online statement. The capacity is planned to grow to up to 30 million tons per annum (MMtpa) by 2030. “Argentina LNG is a large-scale integrated, upstream and midstream gas development project designed to develop the resources of the onshore ‘Vaca Muerta’ field and serve international markets”, Eni added. The state-owned companies executed the agreement during a meeting in Rome between Argentina’s President Javier Milei and Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. “We see great interest worldwide, both from large production companies and from countries seeking to purchase gas from Vaca Muerta”, YPF chief executive Horacio Marin said April 14 as the companies announced a memorandum of understanding for Eni’s participation. Last year YPF signed a project development agreement with Shell PLC for Argentina LNG, putting the planned phase 1 capacity at 10 MMtpa at the time. Last month Golar LNG Ltd. and its partners in the Southern Energy project to export Vaca Muerta gas announced a positive FID (final investment decision) and fulfilled conditions for a 20-year redeployment of FLNG Hilli, the first of two vessels for Southern Energy. The floating LNG facility, fully acquired by Golar last year, will be chartered to the project consortium, Southern Energy SA (SESA), under a contract that is expected to start up 2027. Hilli began operation 2018 and has been deployed in Cameroon

Read More »

OPEC+ Quota Hikes Yet to Deliver Oil Surge: Morgan Stanley

The OPEC+ alliance may be boosting oil-production quotas at a significant pace in a push to restart idled capacity, but that shift has yet to translate into big gains in actual output, according to Morgan Stanley. “Notwithstanding the around 1 million-barrel-a-day increase in production quotas between March and June, an actual increase in production is hard to detect,” analysts including Martijn Rats said in a June 9 note. “Notably, it does not appear that production in Saudi Arabia has ramped up significantly.” The global oil market has been rocked in recent months by the move from eight core OPEC+ nations to relax supply restraints at a faster-than-expected pace, potentially adding supplies just as trade frictions menace demand. The surprise shift has been presented as a bid by the cartel to reclaim market share from rival drillers, as well as punish its own quota cheats. Morgan Stanley based its conclusions on a slew of data points, including refinery throughput, cargo exports, pipeline flows, and indications of stockpiling, as well as estimates for production from six different providers. Still, increases may yet be forthcoming. The Wall Street giant said that it still expected supply from the core members to rise by about 420,000 barrels a day between June and September as the cartel continues quota hikes, with about half of the increase coming from Saudi Arabia. In addition, the bank maintained its outlook for a surplus, as crude supplies from outside the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies climb by about 1.1 million barrels a day this year, outpacing global demand growth of about 800,000 barrels a day. Even without an “OPEC production increase, those two assumptions alone already produce a softer outlook for the oil market, especially after the current period of seasonal summer-strength,” the analysts said. Global benchmark Brent

Read More »

CNOOC Announces Seventh Upstream Startup in Chinese Waters This Year

CNOOC Ltd. has begun production at the Weizhou 5-3 oilfield in the South China Sea, its seventh announced startup offshore China in 2025. Weizhou 5-3 is expected to reach a peak output of about 10,000 barrels a day next year, the state-backed oil and gas explorer and producer said in an online statement Monday. The field produces medium crude. Weizhou 5-3 is in the South China Sea’s Beibu Gulf, or Gulf of Tonkin, in waters around 35 meters (114.83 feet) deep. The development includes a wellhead platform, as well as uses existing facilities. CNOOC Ltd., majority-owned by China National Offshore Oil Corp., plans to commission seven production wells and two water injection wells. CNOOC Ltd. owns 51 percent of the project. Smart Oil Investment Ltd. holds 49 percent. Previously in 2025 CNOOC Ltd. announced three startups in the Bohai Sea and three in the South China Sea. The Bohai Sea projects are the Caofeidian 6-4 oilfield adjustment, phase 2 of the Luda 5-2 North field and the Bozhong 26-6 field. The South China Sea projects are Wenchang 19-1 oilfield phase 2, the Dongfang 29-1 field and the Panyu 11-12/10-1/10-2 Oilfield Adjustment Joint Development Project. The Caofeidian 6-4 adjustment project is expected to achieve 11,000 barrels of oil equivalent a day (boed) in peak production 2026. The oil is light crude. Luda 5-2 North phase 2 could reach about 6,700 boed in peak production next year. Phase 1 went online 2022 as the first Chinese oilfield to produce from superheavy oil reservoirs through thermal recovery, according to CNOOC Ltd. It said of Luda 5-2 North phase 2, “CNOOC Limited made major technological breakthroughs in this project and significantly enhanced the development efficiency of offshore super heavy oil”. “Through optimized Jet Pump Injection-Production Technology, the project realized efficient and economic development of heavy

Read More »

“How much energy do I really have?” — The question costing storage owners millions

Every megawatt-hour matters. Grid demand spikes, prices surge, and systems are pushed to their limits. Energy storage system operators need to know how much energy they can count on and how quickly they can deploy it. The catch? In most grid-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS), that number is fuzzier than it seems.  Imagine operating a 100 MWh battery energy storage system. In practice, most operators hold back 10-15% of that capacity to avoid overestimating available capacity and risking a shortfall on any market commitments. That safety buffer—built around measurement uncertainty—means you’re only dispatching 85 MWh. In today’s volatile energy markets, that 10-15% margin isn’t just a technical issue. It’s a missed opportunity. Every unclaimed megawatt-hour represents lost revenue, stranded grid support capacity, and a system falling short of its full potential. Worse, usable energy loss doesn’t stop at estimation errors. Over time, hidden imbalances between individual cells begin to chip away at overall system performance, further reducing capacity and complicating operations.  Understanding State-of-Charge (SoC) Calibration Knowing how much energy is available to dispatch at any given moment is core to profitability. This is where SoC calibration comes into play: a software-enabled process that allows the battery management system (BMS) to track the state of charge of the battery with a high degree of precision.  This level of accuracy is especially important in systems using LFP batteries. Known for their long cycle life and safety, LFP batteries are widely used in grid-scale projects—but they come with a challenge: their relatively flat voltage curve between 25% and 90% SoC makes it difficult for the BMS to accurately determine SoC by the voltage curve alone during regular operations.   This is particularly problematic in markets where batteries operate within a narrow SoC band—often between 30% and 70%—to deliver ancillary services. If a

Read More »

The hidden infrastructure risk that could derail America’s energy transition

On May 15, 2025, federal investigators disclosed that undocumented “ghost” communication modules were embedded in some Chinese-manufactured solar inverters. China produces about 70 percent of the world’s inverters, according to the International Energy Agency. Multiply that share across the millions of distributed energy resources (DERs) the United States will deploy this decade and you have a network whose endpoints outnumber today’s central-station assets by orders of magnitude. Here’s what keeps me up at night: Each inverter, battery-management system and smart meter contains firmware and communications devices that grid operators seldom inspect and cannot easily patch. As an industry, we’re essentially deploying millions of black boxes across our critical infrastructure. The energy transition’s defining strength—scale—has become our biggest vulnerability. Why conventional defenses fall short Traditional perimeter tools were designed for a grid dominated by a few hundred control-room assets. Distributed energy completely flips that model: Scale: We’re defending millions of endpoints instead of dozens of plants Diversity: Multiple vendors, protocols and code bases make uniform hardening nearly impossible Physical exposure: Rooftop and roadside installations lack utility-grade site security Supply-chain opacity: Operators receive only “black-box” documentation of embedded components I’ve personally torn down equipment from major manufacturers and found undocumented hardware, hidden communication devices, and features that weren’t in any manual. This isn’t theoretical—it’s happening right now. Principles for a secure distributed grid After years of building and securing distributed energy systems, here’s what actually works: 1. Zero-trust architecture: Never trust vendor-supplied data paths. Ever. If you didn’t build it, assume it’s compromised. 2. Hardware agnosticism: Abstract your control logic from field devices. When (not if) you need to swap suppliers, you should be able to do it with minimal code updates. 3. Physical verification: Tear-down inspections and software bills of materials (SBOMs) must continue through the asset’s entire operational life. A

Read More »

Argentina, Eni Ink Deal for Vaca Muerta Gas Export

Italy’s Eni SpA and Argentina’s YPF SA have signed an agreement to build a liquefaction facility to enable the export of natural gas from the Vaca Muerta field in the South American country. “The agreement defines the required steps to reach the final investment decision for the phase of the project that includes the production, treatment, transportation and liquefaction installations of gas through floating units, for a total capacity of 12 million tons of LNG per year”, Eni said in an online statement. The capacity is planned to grow to up to 30 million tons per annum (MMtpa) by 2030. “Argentina LNG is a large-scale integrated, upstream and midstream gas development project designed to develop the resources of the onshore ‘Vaca Muerta’ field and serve international markets”, Eni added. The state-owned companies executed the agreement during a meeting in Rome between Argentina’s President Javier Milei and Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. “We see great interest worldwide, both from large production companies and from countries seeking to purchase gas from Vaca Muerta”, YPF chief executive Horacio Marin said April 14 as the companies announced a memorandum of understanding for Eni’s participation. Last year YPF signed a project development agreement with Shell PLC for Argentina LNG, putting the planned phase 1 capacity at 10 MMtpa at the time. Last month Golar LNG Ltd. and its partners in the Southern Energy project to export Vaca Muerta gas announced a positive FID (final investment decision) and fulfilled conditions for a 20-year redeployment of FLNG Hilli, the first of two vessels for Southern Energy. The floating LNG facility, fully acquired by Golar last year, will be chartered to the project consortium, Southern Energy SA (SESA), under a contract that is expected to start up 2027. Hilli began operation 2018 and has been deployed in Cameroon

Read More »

OPEC+ Quota Hikes Yet to Deliver Oil Surge: Morgan Stanley

The OPEC+ alliance may be boosting oil-production quotas at a significant pace in a push to restart idled capacity, but that shift has yet to translate into big gains in actual output, according to Morgan Stanley. “Notwithstanding the around 1 million-barrel-a-day increase in production quotas between March and June, an actual increase in production is hard to detect,” analysts including Martijn Rats said in a June 9 note. “Notably, it does not appear that production in Saudi Arabia has ramped up significantly.” The global oil market has been rocked in recent months by the move from eight core OPEC+ nations to relax supply restraints at a faster-than-expected pace, potentially adding supplies just as trade frictions menace demand. The surprise shift has been presented as a bid by the cartel to reclaim market share from rival drillers, as well as punish its own quota cheats. Morgan Stanley based its conclusions on a slew of data points, including refinery throughput, cargo exports, pipeline flows, and indications of stockpiling, as well as estimates for production from six different providers. Still, increases may yet be forthcoming. The Wall Street giant said that it still expected supply from the core members to rise by about 420,000 barrels a day between June and September as the cartel continues quota hikes, with about half of the increase coming from Saudi Arabia. In addition, the bank maintained its outlook for a surplus, as crude supplies from outside the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies climb by about 1.1 million barrels a day this year, outpacing global demand growth of about 800,000 barrels a day. Even without an “OPEC production increase, those two assumptions alone already produce a softer outlook for the oil market, especially after the current period of seasonal summer-strength,” the analysts said. Global benchmark Brent

Read More »

CNOOC Announces Seventh Upstream Startup in Chinese Waters This Year

CNOOC Ltd. has begun production at the Weizhou 5-3 oilfield in the South China Sea, its seventh announced startup offshore China in 2025. Weizhou 5-3 is expected to reach a peak output of about 10,000 barrels a day next year, the state-backed oil and gas explorer and producer said in an online statement Monday. The field produces medium crude. Weizhou 5-3 is in the South China Sea’s Beibu Gulf, or Gulf of Tonkin, in waters around 35 meters (114.83 feet) deep. The development includes a wellhead platform, as well as uses existing facilities. CNOOC Ltd., majority-owned by China National Offshore Oil Corp., plans to commission seven production wells and two water injection wells. CNOOC Ltd. owns 51 percent of the project. Smart Oil Investment Ltd. holds 49 percent. Previously in 2025 CNOOC Ltd. announced three startups in the Bohai Sea and three in the South China Sea. The Bohai Sea projects are the Caofeidian 6-4 oilfield adjustment, phase 2 of the Luda 5-2 North field and the Bozhong 26-6 field. The South China Sea projects are Wenchang 19-1 oilfield phase 2, the Dongfang 29-1 field and the Panyu 11-12/10-1/10-2 Oilfield Adjustment Joint Development Project. The Caofeidian 6-4 adjustment project is expected to achieve 11,000 barrels of oil equivalent a day (boed) in peak production 2026. The oil is light crude. Luda 5-2 North phase 2 could reach about 6,700 boed in peak production next year. Phase 1 went online 2022 as the first Chinese oilfield to produce from superheavy oil reservoirs through thermal recovery, according to CNOOC Ltd. It said of Luda 5-2 North phase 2, “CNOOC Limited made major technological breakthroughs in this project and significantly enhanced the development efficiency of offshore super heavy oil”. “Through optimized Jet Pump Injection-Production Technology, the project realized efficient and economic development of heavy

Read More »

SAF Firm Completes Combination; Up for Nasdaq Listing

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) firm XCF Global Capital, Inc. said it has completed its business combination with special purpose acquisition company Focus Impact BH3 Acquisition in line with its plan for a public listing. The combined company will operate under the name XCF Global, Inc. and its class A common stock is expected to begin trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “SAFX” on June 9, the company said in a news release. XCF Global’s New Rise Reno facility, located in the Reno-Tahoe Industrial Complex in Storey County, Nevada, began commercial production in February of so-called “neat” SAF, which is totally free of all fossil fuels and not blended with conventional jet fuel, with a nameplate production capacity of 38 million gallons of neat SAF per year, according to the release. The first customer deliveries of neat SAF were completed in March, the company said. The company stated it is advancing a pipeline of production sites in Nevada, North Carolina, and Florida to expand SAF capacity and support long-term growth. “The completion of this transaction marks a transformational step for XCF Global and the decarbonization of the aviation industry,” XCF Global CEO Mihir Dange said. “With commercial production underway, first deliveries completed, and a proven business model in place, we are entering the public markets with momentum and a clear path to growth. XCF Global is positioned as a market leader at the intersection of aviation and decarbonization – standing at the forefront of a high-growth opportunity in synthetic aviation fuel. We offer the public capital markets access to one of the fastest-growing sectors in the global energy transition, and we are proud to be leading the shift toward a lower-carbon future for aviation”. “We are thrilled to have completed the business combination with XCF Global and

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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Three Aberdeen oil company headquarters sell for £45m

Three Aberdeen oil company headquarters have been sold in a deal worth £45 million. The CNOOC, Apache and Taqa buildings at the Prime Four business park in Kingswells have been acquired by EEH Ventures. The trio of buildings, totalling 275,000 sq ft, were previously owned by Canadian firm BMO. The financial services powerhouse first bought the buildings in 2014 but took the decision to sell the buildings as part of a “long-standing strategy to reduce their office exposure across the UK”. The deal was the largest to take place throughout Scotland during the last quarter of 2024. Trio of buildings snapped up London headquartered EEH Ventures was founded in 2013 and owns a number of residential, offices, shopping centres and hotels throughout the UK. All three Kingswells-based buildings were pre-let, designed and constructed by Aberdeen property developer Drum in 2012 on a 15-year lease. © Supplied by CBREThe Aberdeen headquarters of Taqa. Image: CBRE The North Sea headquarters of Middle-East oil firm Taqa has previously been described as “an amazing success story in the Granite City”. Taqa announced in 2023 that it intends to cease production from all of its UK North Sea platforms by the end of 2027. Meanwhile, Apache revealed at the end of last year it is planning to exit the North Sea by the end of 2029 blaming the windfall tax. The US firm first entered the North Sea in 2003 but will wrap up all of its UK operations by 2030. Aberdeen big deals The Prime Four acquisition wasn’t the biggest Granite City commercial property sale of 2024. American private equity firm Lone Star bought Union Square shopping centre from Hammerson for £111m. © ShutterstockAberdeen city centre. Hammerson, who also built the property, had originally been seeking £150m. BP’s North Sea headquarters in Stoneywood, Aberdeen, was also sold. Manchester-based

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2025 ransomware predictions, trends, and how to prepare

Zscaler ThreatLabz research team has revealed critical insights and predictions on ransomware trends for 2025. The latest Ransomware Report uncovered a surge in sophisticated tactics and extortion attacks. As ransomware remains a key concern for CISOs and CIOs, the report sheds light on actionable strategies to mitigate risks. Top Ransomware Predictions for 2025: ● AI-Powered Social Engineering: In 2025, GenAI will fuel voice phishing (vishing) attacks. With the proliferation of GenAI-based tooling, initial access broker groups will increasingly leverage AI-generated voices; which sound more and more realistic by adopting local accents and dialects to enhance credibility and success rates. ● The Trifecta of Social Engineering Attacks: Vishing, Ransomware and Data Exfiltration. Additionally, sophisticated ransomware groups, like the Dark Angels, will continue the trend of low-volume, high-impact attacks; preferring to focus on an individual company, stealing vast amounts of data without encrypting files, and evading media and law enforcement scrutiny. ● Targeted Industries Under Siege: Manufacturing, healthcare, education, energy will remain primary targets, with no slowdown in attacks expected. ● New SEC Regulations Drive Increased Transparency: 2025 will see an uptick in reported ransomware attacks and payouts due to new, tighter SEC requirements mandating that public companies report material incidents within four business days. ● Ransomware Payouts Are on the Rise: In 2025 ransom demands will most likely increase due to an evolving ecosystem of cybercrime groups, specializing in designated attack tactics, and collaboration by these groups that have entered a sophisticated profit sharing model using Ransomware-as-a-Service. To combat damaging ransomware attacks, Zscaler ThreatLabz recommends the following strategies. ● Fighting AI with AI: As threat actors use AI to identify vulnerabilities, organizations must counter with AI-powered zero trust security systems that detect and mitigate new threats. ● Advantages of adopting a Zero Trust architecture: A Zero Trust cloud security platform stops

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Like humans, AI is forcing institutions to rethink their purpose

Join the event trusted by enterprise leaders for nearly two decades. VB Transform brings together the people building real enterprise AI strategy. Learn more Cognitive migration is not just an individual journey; it is also a collective and institutional one. As AI reshapes the terrain of thought, judgment and coordination, the very foundations of our schools, governments, corporations and civic systems are being called into question. Institutions, like people, now face the challenge of rapid change: “Rethinking” their purpose, adapting their structures and rediscovering what makes them essential in a world where machines can increasingly think, decide and produce. Like people who are undergoing cognitive migration, institutions — and the people who run them — must reassess what they were made for. Discontinuity Institutions are designed to promote continuity. Their purpose is to endure, to offer structure, legitimacy and coherence across time. It is those very attributes that contribute to trust. We rely on institutions not only to deliver services and enforce norms, but to provide a sense of order in a complex world. They are the long-arc vessels of civilization, meant to hold steady as individuals come and go. Without viable institutions, society risks upheaval and an increasingly uncertain future. But today, many of our core institutions are reeling. Having long served as the scaffolding of modern life, they are being tested in ways that feel not only sudden, but systemic. Some of this pressure comes from AI, which is rapidly reshaping the cognitive terrain on which these institutions were built. But AI is not the only force. The past two decades have brought rising public distrust, partisan fragmentation and challenges to institutional legitimacy that predate the generative AI technological wave. From increasing income inequality, to attacks on scientific process and consensus, to politicized courts, to declining university enrollments, the

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Agent-based computing is outgrowing the web as we know it

Join the event trusted by enterprise leaders for nearly two decades. VB Transform brings together the people building real enterprise AI strategy. Learn more We are on the cusp of a fundamental redesign of the internet. Not a facelift. A full-body transplant. For more than 30 years, the web has been our playground, our workplace, our high street and our therapist’s couch. But it’s also been entirely designed for us simple humans who type, tap, click and scroll. Interfaces built for eyes. Navigation designed for fingers. Decision trees dressed up as websites. But here’s the truth: We’re not going to be the web’s primary users for much longer. AI agents based on ChatGPT, Copilot, Claude and Gemini are moving from passive assistants to active participants. Today, we ask them to do things for us. Tomorrow, we’ll authorize them to act as us. And right now, we’re asking Ferraris to drive on cobblestone. AI is already trying to operate inside a human-shaped world. Clicking buttons. Dragging cursors. Filling out forms. It’s like putting a robot in a glove and telling it to pretend it’s got fingers. It works, for now, but it’s wildly inefficient. Remember when cars first appeared on horse trails? Well, I don’t but I know the story. It worked, barely. Until someone realized speed requires tarmac. The same logic applies to the web. AI agents aren’t going to just be digital chauffeurs. They’re going to be drivers that navigate, decide and transact. Fast. Without us in the loop. We’re about to need a new web. AI agents require machine-native design What does the web look like when it’s built for machines? It’s fast. Invisible. Transactional. Pages become endpoints. Interfaces dissolve. There are no “click here” buttons. Just structured data, unstructured context, exposed capabilities and intent flowing between systems. APIs

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Sam Altman calls for ‘AI privilege’ as OpenAI clarifies court order to retain temporary and deleted ChatGPT sessions

Join the event trusted by enterprise leaders for nearly two decades. VB Transform brings together the people building real enterprise AI strategy. Learn more Regular ChatGPT users (among whom include the author of this article) may or may not have noticed that the hit chatbot from OpenAI allows users to enter into a “temporary chat” that is designed to wipe all the information exchanged between the user and the underlying AI model as soon as the chat session is closed by the user. In addition, OpenAI also allows users to manually delete prior ChatGPT sessions from the sidebar on the web and desktop/mobile apps by left-clicking or control-clicking, or holding down/long pressing on them from the selector. However, this week, OpenAI found itself facing criticism from some of said ChatGPT users after they discovered that the company has not actually been deleting these chat logs as previously indicated. As AI influencer and software engineer Simon Willison wrote on his personal blog: “Paying customers of [OpenAI’s] APIs may well make the decision to switch to other providers who can offer retention policies that aren’t subverted by this court order!” “You’re telling me my deleted chatgpt chats are actually not deleted and is being saved to be investigated by a judge?” posted X user @ns123abc, a comment that drew over a million views. Another user, @kepano, added, “you can ‘delete’ a ChatGPT chat, however all chats must be retained due to legal obligations ?”. Instead, OpenAI confirmed it has been preserving deleted and temporary user chat logs since mid-May 2025 in response to a federal court order, though it did not disclose this to users until yesterday, June 5th. The order, embedded below and issued on May 13, 2025, by U.S. Magistrate Judge Ona T. Wang, requires OpenAI to “preserve and segregate all

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The Download: China’s AI agent boom, and GPS alternatives

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology. Manus has kick-started an AI agent boom in China Last year, China saw a boom in foundation models, the do-everything large language models that underpin the AI revolution. This year, the focus has shifted to AI agents—systems that are less about responding to users’ queries and more about autonomously accomplishing things for them.There are now a host of Chinese startups building these general-purpose digital tools, which can answer emails, browse the internet to plan vacations, and even design an interactive website. Many of these have emerged in just the last two months, following in the footsteps of Manus—a general AI agent that sparked weeks of social media frenzy for invite codes after its limited-release launch in early March.As the race to define what a useful AI agent looks like unfolds, a mix of ambitious startups and entrenched tech giants are now testing how these tools might actually work in practice—and for whom. Read the full story. —Caiwei Chen
Inside the race to find GPS alternatives
Later this month, an inconspicuous 150-kilogram satellite is set to launch into space aboard the SpaceX Transporter 14 mission. Once in orbit, it will test super-accurate next-generation satnav technology designed to make up for the shortcomings of the US Global Positioning System (GPS). Despite the system’s indispensable nature, the GPS signal is easily suppressed or disrupted by everything from space weather to 5G cell towers to phone-size jammers worth a few tens of dollars. The problem has been whispered about among experts for years, but it has really come to the fore in the last three years, since Russia invaded Ukraine.Now, startup Xona Space Systems wants to create a space-based system that would do what GPS does but better. Read the full story. —Tereza Pultarova Why doctors should look for ways to prescribe hope —Jessica Hamzelou This week, I’ve been thinking about the powerful connection between mind and body. Some new research suggests that people with heart conditions have better outcomes when they are more hopeful and optimistic. Hopelessness, on the other hand, is associated with a significantly higher risk of death. The findings build upon decades of fascinating research into the phenomenon of the placebo effect. Our beliefs and expectations about a medicine (or a sham treatment) can change the way it works. The placebo effect’s “evil twin,” the nocebo effect, is just as powerful—negative thinking has been linked to real symptoms.

Researchers are still trying to understand the connection between body and mind, and how our thoughts can influence our physiology. In the meantime, many are developing ways to harness it in hospital settings. Is it possible for a doctor to prescribe hope? Read the full story. This article first appeared in The Checkup, MIT Technology Review’s weekly biotech newsletter. To receive it in your inbox every Thursday, and read articles like this first, sign up here. The must-reads I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology. 1 Elon Musk threatened to cut off NASA’s use of SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraftHis war of words with Donald Trump is dramatically escalating. (WP $)+ If Musk actually carried through with his threat, NASA would seriously struggle. (NYT $)+ Silicon Valley is starting to pick sides. (Wired $)+ It appears as though Musk has more to lose from their bruising breakup. (NY Mag $) 2 Apple and Alibaba’s AI rollout in China has been delayedIt’s the latest victim of Trump’s trade war. (FT $)+ The deal is supposed to support iPhones’ AI offerings in the country. (Reuters) 3 X’s new policy blocks the use of its posts to ‘fine-tune or train’ AI modelsUnless companies strike a deal with them, that is. (TechCrunch)+ The platform could end up striking agreements like Reddit and Google. (The Verge)
4 RJK Jr’s new hire is hunting for proof that vaccines cause autismVaccine skeptic David Geier is seeking access to a database he was previously barred from. (WSJ $)+ How measuring vaccine hesitancy could help health professionals tackle it. (MIT Technology Review) 5 Anthropic has launched a new service for the militaryClaude Gov is designed specifically for US defense and intelligence agencies. (The Verge)+ Generative AI is learning to spy for the US military. (MIT Technology Review)
6 There’s no guarantee your billion-dollar startup won’t failIn fact, one in five of them will. (Bloomberg $)+ Beware the rise of the AI coding startup. (Reuters) 7 Walmart’s drone deliveries are taking offIt’s expanding to 100 new US stories in the next year. (Wired $) 8 AI might be able to tell us how old the Dead Sea Scrolls really are 📜Models suggest they’re even older than we previously thought. (The Economist $)+ How AI is helping historians better understand our past. (MIT Technology Review) 9 All-in-one super apps are a hit in the Gulf They’re following in China’s footsteps. (Rest of World) 10 Nintendo’s Switch 2 has revived the midnight launch eventFans queued for hours outside stores to get their hands on the new console. (Insider $)+ How the company managed to dodge Trump’s tariffs. (The Guardian)
Quote of the day “Elon finally found a way to make Twitter fun again.” —Dan Pfeiffer, a host of the political podcast Pod Save America, jokes about Elon Musk and Donald Trump’s ongoing feud in a post on X.
One more thing This rare earth metal shows us the future of our planet’s resources We’re in the middle of a potentially transformative moment. Metals discovered barely a century ago now underpin the technologies we’re relying on for cleaner energy, and not having enough of them could slow progress.  Take neodymium, one of the rare earth metals. It’s used in cryogenic coolers to reach ultra-low temperatures needed for devices like superconductors and in high-powered magnets that power everything from smartphones to wind turbines. And very soon, demand for it could outstrip supply. What happens then? And what does it reveal about issues across wider supply chains? Read our story to find out. —Casey Crownhart We can still have nice things A place for comfort, fun and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line or skeet ’em at me.) + Sightings of Bigfoot just happen to correlate with black bear populations? I smell a conspiracy!+ Watch as these symbols magically transform into a pretty impressive Black Sabbath mural.+ Underwater rugby is taking off in the UK.+ Fed up of beige Gen Z trends, TikTok is bringing the 80s back.

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Voice AI that actually converts: New TTS model boosts sales 15% for major brands

Join the event trusted by enterprise leaders for nearly two decades. VB Transform brings together the people building real enterprise AI strategy. Learn more Generating voices that are not only humanlike and nuanced but diverse continues to be a struggle in conversational AI.  At the end of the day, people want to hear voices that sound like them or are at least natural, not just the 20th-century American broadcast standard.  Startup Rime is tackling this challenge with Arcana text-to-speech (TTS), a new spoken language model that can quickly generate “infinite” new voices of varying genders, ages, demographics and languages just based on a simple text description of intended characteristics.  The model has helped boost customer sales — for the likes of Domino’s and Wingstop — by 15%.  “It’s one thing to have a really high-quality, life-like, real person-sounding model,” Lily Clifford, Rime CEO and co-founder, told VentureBeat. “It’s another to have a model that can not just create one voice, but infinite variability of voices along demographic lines.” A voice model that ‘acts human’  Rime’s multimodal and autoregressive TTS model was trained on natural conversations with real people (as opposed to voice actors). Users simply type in a text prompt description of a voice with desired demographic characteristics and language.  For instance: ‘I want a 30 year old female who lives in California and is into software,’ or ‘Give me an Australian man’s voice.’  “Every time you do that, you’re going to get a different voice,” said Clifford.  Rime’s Mist v2 TTS model was built for high-volume, business-critical applications, allowing enterprises to craft unique voices for their business needs. “The customer hears a voice that allows for a natural, dynamic conversation without needing a human agent,” said Clifford.  For those looking for out-of-the-box options, meanwhile, Rime offers eight flagship speakers with

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Ending the great network depression

This brings us to AI. In both these enterprise examples, we see the concept of a new technology model deploying from a seedling-like start in a single location and then expanding outward and, at the same time, expanding to other related areas of business operation. Through this double-build-out, to be effective, the companies have to sustain the pace of operations in each facility, which means that effectively, 5G is creating a big, single, facility, each piece of which has to synchronize with the other. To make that happen, guess what’s used? AI. Enterprises are building great AI applications, just not the sort we usually hear about. AI isn’t some Yoda-like genius sitting on the shoulder of every worker in a successful deployment, it’s a part of a business application workflow, a software component. For every one of those Yoda-like AI applications that make a minimal ten percent ROI, enterprises have found almost five workflow deployments that can double that, making this sort of AI the only kind that makes aggressive business cases. Yoda works through the worker; the optimal AI isn’t limited by human actions. It does contained things, complex things, very quickly. That’s why it’s an essential piece of both these enterprise examples I’ve talked about. Think about a supply chain like those old-fashioned bucket brigades, every step depending on being synchronized with the ones before and after. Then think about how hard it would be if you were moving things of different sizes, requiring different holds, tools, even gloves. To make that work efficiently, you’d have to be able to anticipate what was needed at the end of the line and warn everyone upstream to start prepping in time for the shift, right? That’s where AI comes in. If a plant is going to shift between products at

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The hidden infrastructure risk that could derail America’s energy transition

On May 15, 2025, federal investigators disclosed that undocumented “ghost” communication modules were embedded in some Chinese-manufactured solar inverters. China produces about 70 percent of the world’s inverters, according to the International Energy Agency. Multiply that share across the millions of distributed energy resources (DERs) the United States will deploy this decade and you have a network whose endpoints outnumber today’s central-station assets by orders of magnitude. Here’s what keeps me up at night: Each inverter, battery-management system and smart meter contains firmware and communications devices that grid operators seldom inspect and cannot easily patch. As an industry, we’re essentially deploying millions of black boxes across our critical infrastructure. The energy transition’s defining strength—scale—has become our biggest vulnerability. Why conventional defenses fall short Traditional perimeter tools were designed for a grid dominated by a few hundred control-room assets. Distributed energy completely flips that model: Scale: We’re defending millions of endpoints instead of dozens of plants Diversity: Multiple vendors, protocols and code bases make uniform hardening nearly impossible Physical exposure: Rooftop and roadside installations lack utility-grade site security Supply-chain opacity: Operators receive only “black-box” documentation of embedded components I’ve personally torn down equipment from major manufacturers and found undocumented hardware, hidden communication devices, and features that weren’t in any manual. This isn’t theoretical—it’s happening right now. Principles for a secure distributed grid After years of building and securing distributed energy systems, here’s what actually works: 1. Zero-trust architecture: Never trust vendor-supplied data paths. Ever. If you didn’t build it, assume it’s compromised. 2. Hardware agnosticism: Abstract your control logic from field devices. When (not if) you need to swap suppliers, you should be able to do it with minimal code updates. 3. Physical verification: Tear-down inspections and software bills of materials (SBOMs) must continue through the asset’s entire operational life. A

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“How much energy do I really have?” — The question costing storage owners millions

Every megawatt-hour matters. Grid demand spikes, prices surge, and systems are pushed to their limits. Energy storage system operators need to know how much energy they can count on and how quickly they can deploy it. The catch? In most grid-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS), that number is fuzzier than it seems.  Imagine operating a 100 MWh battery energy storage system. In practice, most operators hold back 10-15% of that capacity to avoid overestimating available capacity and risking a shortfall on any market commitments. That safety buffer—built around measurement uncertainty—means you’re only dispatching 85 MWh. In today’s volatile energy markets, that 10-15% margin isn’t just a technical issue. It’s a missed opportunity. Every unclaimed megawatt-hour represents lost revenue, stranded grid support capacity, and a system falling short of its full potential. Worse, usable energy loss doesn’t stop at estimation errors. Over time, hidden imbalances between individual cells begin to chip away at overall system performance, further reducing capacity and complicating operations.  Understanding State-of-Charge (SoC) Calibration Knowing how much energy is available to dispatch at any given moment is core to profitability. This is where SoC calibration comes into play: a software-enabled process that allows the battery management system (BMS) to track the state of charge of the battery with a high degree of precision.  This level of accuracy is especially important in systems using LFP batteries. Known for their long cycle life and safety, LFP batteries are widely used in grid-scale projects—but they come with a challenge: their relatively flat voltage curve between 25% and 90% SoC makes it difficult for the BMS to accurately determine SoC by the voltage curve alone during regular operations.   This is particularly problematic in markets where batteries operate within a narrow SoC band—often between 30% and 70%—to deliver ancillary services. If a

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Argentina, Eni Ink Deal for Vaca Muerta Gas Export

Italy’s Eni SpA and Argentina’s YPF SA have signed an agreement to build a liquefaction facility to enable the export of natural gas from the Vaca Muerta field in the South American country. “The agreement defines the required steps to reach the final investment decision for the phase of the project that includes the production, treatment, transportation and liquefaction installations of gas through floating units, for a total capacity of 12 million tons of LNG per year”, Eni said in an online statement. The capacity is planned to grow to up to 30 million tons per annum (MMtpa) by 2030. “Argentina LNG is a large-scale integrated, upstream and midstream gas development project designed to develop the resources of the onshore ‘Vaca Muerta’ field and serve international markets”, Eni added. The state-owned companies executed the agreement during a meeting in Rome between Argentina’s President Javier Milei and Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. “We see great interest worldwide, both from large production companies and from countries seeking to purchase gas from Vaca Muerta”, YPF chief executive Horacio Marin said April 14 as the companies announced a memorandum of understanding for Eni’s participation. Last year YPF signed a project development agreement with Shell PLC for Argentina LNG, putting the planned phase 1 capacity at 10 MMtpa at the time. Last month Golar LNG Ltd. and its partners in the Southern Energy project to export Vaca Muerta gas announced a positive FID (final investment decision) and fulfilled conditions for a 20-year redeployment of FLNG Hilli, the first of two vessels for Southern Energy. The floating LNG facility, fully acquired by Golar last year, will be chartered to the project consortium, Southern Energy SA (SESA), under a contract that is expected to start up 2027. Hilli began operation 2018 and has been deployed in Cameroon

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OPEC+ Quota Hikes Yet to Deliver Oil Surge: Morgan Stanley

The OPEC+ alliance may be boosting oil-production quotas at a significant pace in a push to restart idled capacity, but that shift has yet to translate into big gains in actual output, according to Morgan Stanley. “Notwithstanding the around 1 million-barrel-a-day increase in production quotas between March and June, an actual increase in production is hard to detect,” analysts including Martijn Rats said in a June 9 note. “Notably, it does not appear that production in Saudi Arabia has ramped up significantly.” The global oil market has been rocked in recent months by the move from eight core OPEC+ nations to relax supply restraints at a faster-than-expected pace, potentially adding supplies just as trade frictions menace demand. The surprise shift has been presented as a bid by the cartel to reclaim market share from rival drillers, as well as punish its own quota cheats. Morgan Stanley based its conclusions on a slew of data points, including refinery throughput, cargo exports, pipeline flows, and indications of stockpiling, as well as estimates for production from six different providers. Still, increases may yet be forthcoming. The Wall Street giant said that it still expected supply from the core members to rise by about 420,000 barrels a day between June and September as the cartel continues quota hikes, with about half of the increase coming from Saudi Arabia. In addition, the bank maintained its outlook for a surplus, as crude supplies from outside the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies climb by about 1.1 million barrels a day this year, outpacing global demand growth of about 800,000 barrels a day. Even without an “OPEC production increase, those two assumptions alone already produce a softer outlook for the oil market, especially after the current period of seasonal summer-strength,” the analysts said. Global benchmark Brent

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CNOOC Announces Seventh Upstream Startup in Chinese Waters This Year

CNOOC Ltd. has begun production at the Weizhou 5-3 oilfield in the South China Sea, its seventh announced startup offshore China in 2025. Weizhou 5-3 is expected to reach a peak output of about 10,000 barrels a day next year, the state-backed oil and gas explorer and producer said in an online statement Monday. The field produces medium crude. Weizhou 5-3 is in the South China Sea’s Beibu Gulf, or Gulf of Tonkin, in waters around 35 meters (114.83 feet) deep. The development includes a wellhead platform, as well as uses existing facilities. CNOOC Ltd., majority-owned by China National Offshore Oil Corp., plans to commission seven production wells and two water injection wells. CNOOC Ltd. owns 51 percent of the project. Smart Oil Investment Ltd. holds 49 percent. Previously in 2025 CNOOC Ltd. announced three startups in the Bohai Sea and three in the South China Sea. The Bohai Sea projects are the Caofeidian 6-4 oilfield adjustment, phase 2 of the Luda 5-2 North field and the Bozhong 26-6 field. The South China Sea projects are Wenchang 19-1 oilfield phase 2, the Dongfang 29-1 field and the Panyu 11-12/10-1/10-2 Oilfield Adjustment Joint Development Project. The Caofeidian 6-4 adjustment project is expected to achieve 11,000 barrels of oil equivalent a day (boed) in peak production 2026. The oil is light crude. Luda 5-2 North phase 2 could reach about 6,700 boed in peak production next year. Phase 1 went online 2022 as the first Chinese oilfield to produce from superheavy oil reservoirs through thermal recovery, according to CNOOC Ltd. It said of Luda 5-2 North phase 2, “CNOOC Limited made major technological breakthroughs in this project and significantly enhanced the development efficiency of offshore super heavy oil”. “Through optimized Jet Pump Injection-Production Technology, the project realized efficient and economic development of heavy

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