
Jim Boyle is the CEO and founder of Sustainability Roundtable, a Boston-based strategic corporate sustainability advisory firm.
With the new administration turning away from clean energy, the industry must hold itself to the highest standards to achieve the needed level of impact. The credibility and impact of the energy attribute certificate (EAC) market depend on consistently and accurately centering purchaser causation — the idea that certificate purchases directly contribute to new generating sources — in corporate clean energy procurement.
In my firm’s work with Fortune 500 companies, global growth companies and leading U.S. cities, we have heard directors of sustainability voice three imperatives:
- Corporate sustainability practitioners must understand the difference between unbundled, contributing and purchaser-caused EACs.
- EAC purveyors must avoid any possible deception in their marketing.
- Regulators and standard-setters should recognize and promote a pre-financing commitment to the bundled cost of the renewable project development and the EACs the project produces as the highest standard of renewable energy procurement.
Only by centering purchaser causation can corporate renewable energy procurement contribute a crucial portion of the new renewable energy needed if to meet COP 28’s UAE Consensus goal of tripling global renewable energy capacity by 2030.
Label EACs accurately and by impact
To maximize corporate energy procurement’s decarbonization impact, the industry must distinguish EACs by the degree to which they cause new renewable energy capacity.
Clarifying this foundational confusion begins with the basics. EACs are tradable certificates representing one megawatt-hour of electricity generated from a renewable energy resource. The World Resource Institute’s Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol has enabled companies to mitigate Scope 2 emissions with them for years.
But, as the below breakdown shows, they vary widely in how directly they support new renewable energy.
- Unbundled EACs regularly come from projects developed years before procurement. They contribute zero to the development of new renewable energy projects.
- Contributing EACs contribute modestly to the financing of a clean energy project primarily caused by others. Slightly more impactful (and more expensive) than unbundled EACs, they are arguably more dangerous, as multiple vendors misleadingly suggest they cause new renewable energy projects when they do not.
- Purchaser-Caused EACs (PC EACs) proximately cause new renewable energy projects. Years of work with industry buyers, lawyers and financiers have made it unequivocally clear to our team that those experienced in the EAC market share a broad and deep consensus that procurements meeting three conditions are unquestionably the proximate cause of a new renewable energy project. The conditions are:
- Prefinancing commitment to the bundled cost of the clean energy project’s development AND its resulting EACs;
- Contract term of at least 10 years; and,
- Capacity of at least 40 MW (independently, or aggregated with identical, simultaneous contracts)
Precise, accurate and standardized definitions for each EAC tier will help the field’s newcomers to maximize their renewable energy procurement’s impact — and make it easier to fact-check EAC purveyors.
Demand truth in advertising
To protect the EAC market’s integrity from the disrepute that plagues today’s voluntary carbon offset market, many directors of sustainability educate colleagues, suppliers and enterprise customers on how to differentiate PC, unbundled and contributing EACs. But as directors of sustainability grow in numbers worldwide, many newcomers who have not yet learned the distinctions are vulnerable to EAC vendors who manipulate imprecise language to exaggerate their product’s impacts.
Truth in advertising is vital on the buyers’ side, too. Due diligence is needed, to ensure overzealous marketing copywriters do not overstate emissions reductions. With PC EAC procurements, organizations can use granular grid data to estimate emissions reductions based on MW procured, grid carbon intensity and actual or projected project energy generation. With unbundled and contributing EACs, our clients recommend that buyers make no emission reduction claims. Organizations cannot logically and credibly claim location and time-specific emissions reductions for procurements that do not cause new renewable energy capacity. Unbundled EACs and contributing EACs do not cause new renewable energy; neither sellers nor buyers should claim otherwise.
Clarify carbon accounting standards
Sustainability leaders, no matter how well-informed, face another challenge: the industry’s regulators and standard setters do not differentiate offsite EAC procurement approaches that proximately cause new renewable energy projects from those that do not.
That shortfall promotes credibility issues. Look, for example, at the RE100, whose members voluntarily commit to achieving 100% renewable energy. Too many RE100 companies match their energy consumption solely with unbundled EACs — making their “100% renewable energy” claim dangerously close to deceptive marketing. However, because RE100’s standards do not distinguish between PC EACs and unbundled EACs, many companies do not know how close to prevarication they stray. Additionally, sustainability professionals who want to center purchaser causation in their renewable energy procurements may find it harder to sway internal decision-makers if official bodies do not recognize that option as best practice. Accounting standards that recognize divisions within the EAC market would incentivize procurement teams to select the most impactful approach.
How can CDP, the EU Taxonomy, the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and other reporting frameworks rectify this deficit? To distinguish EACs that proximately cause new renewable energy capacity, they should update their policies to recognize and incentivize pre-financing commitments that bundle the cost of new renewable energy development with the EACs the project produces. By acknowledging PC EACs’ decarbonization impact, they incentivize organizations to procure renewable energy in ways that actually drive emissions reductions.
Decarbonization discipline
Incentivizing purchaser causation would facilitate the massive clean energy growth our wounded world needs. If the RE100 alone centered its renewable energy procurement on purchaser causation, it could achieve an incremental terawatt of new renewable energy capacity by 2100 — a substantial proportion of what we need to meet COP28’s UAE Consensus goal of tripling global renewable energy capacity by 2030.
To achieve that goal, market leaders — clean energy buyers, sellers and standard setters alike — must acknowledge which renewable energy procurement approaches proximately cause new capacity. By clarifying best practices, the industry can empower organizations to elect the highest-impact clean energy procurement choices. Nothing less than the incremental terawatts of new renewable energy our world needs is at stake.