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Canada’s Poilievre Says He Would Approve Suncor Oil Project, Mines

The leader of Canada’s Conservative Party said he would accelerate approval on 10 resource projects if elected, including the extension of a major Suncor Energy Inc. oil sands mine in Alberta. Pierre Poilievre, who’s running against Liberal Prime Minister Mark Carney in an April 28 election, has pledged to advance projects including the second phase […]

The leader of Canada’s Conservative Party said he would accelerate approval on 10 resource projects if elected, including the extension of a major Suncor Energy Inc. oil sands mine in Alberta.

Pierre Poilievre, who’s running against Liberal Prime Minister Mark Carney in an April 28 election, has pledged to advance projects including the second phase of LNG Canada in British Columbia, the Rook 1 Uranium Mine in Saskatchewan, Springpole Lake Gold mine in Ontario and Suncor’s project. Poilievre said natural resource projects have been stymied over the past decade of Liberal leadership due to excessive regulations and slow approvals. 

Suncor submitted a plan to the federal government in 2020 to extend the life of its Base Plant mine, which is more than 50 years old and forms the backbone of Suncor’s oil sands operations. The mine feeds bitumen into two upgraders that turn the ultra-heavy crude into lighter, higher-value synthetic oil. 

In 2022, then-Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault signaled he may not approve the extension project, saying its emissions “may not align” with Canada’s climate targets. 

In December, the government announced it would begin assessing the impact of the project, but Suncor has been working to secure alternative supplies of bitumen for its upgraders, including by acquiring full control of the Fort Hills oil sands mine from TotalEnergies SE and Teck Resources Ltd. 

Suncor Chief Executive Officer Rich Kruger has also said the company is considering boosting supply with more oil-sands well projects — known as in-situ developments — including the long-proposed Lewis project or Firebag South. Suncor didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.



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6 trends that will shape the future of the cloud: Gartner

For this reason, Gartner recommends identifying specific use cases and planning the applications and data distributed across the organization that could benefit from a cross-cloud deployment model. This allows workloads to operate collaboratively across different cloud platforms, as well as different on-premises and co-location facilities. 4. Industry solutions According to

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New England Patriots kick off network upgrade

The longer-term roadmap with NWN includes a refresh of the stadium’s 1,800 Extreme Networks Wi-Fi 6 access points to either Wi-Fi 6E or 7, a refresh of the network’s 80 Cisco physical and virtual firewalls, followed by a network consolidation project. On top of all that, the Kraft Group is

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CompTIA cert targets operational cybersecurity skills

The SecOT+ certification will provide OT professionals with the skills to manage, mitigate, and remediate security risks in manufacturing and critical infrastructure environments, according to CompTIA. The certification program will provide OT positions, such as floor technicians and industrial engineers, as well as cybersecurity engineers and network architects on the

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China Fossil Fuels Production Retreats from Record Levels

Chinese fossil fuels output fell in April from the record levels hit in the prior month, although natural gas, crude oil and coal all delivered increases compared to the previous year as the government continues to prioritize security of supply despite weaker prices. Gas output rose 8.1 percent year-on-year to 21.5 billion cubic meters, while crude oil increased 1.5 pecent to 17.7 million tons, the statistics bureau said on Monday. Coal production rose 3.8 percent to 389 million tons, although that was 51 million tons less than March, offering a hint of relief for miners suffering from a slump in prices to four-year lows.  Elsewhere in the energy sector, crude oil processing fell 1.4 percent as refining units were closed for seasonal maintenance. Maintenance also affected crude steel output, which flattened in April. Outright cuts to production are likely in the coming months as mills follow through on the government’s pledge to ease China’s glut.  But aluminum output rose 4.2 percent – and hit a record on a daily basis – as smelters took advantage of falling feedstock costs. WHAT DO YOU THINK? Generated by readers, the comments included herein do not reflect the views and opinions of Rigzone. All comments are subject to editorial review. Off-topic, inappropriate or insulting comments will be removed. MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR Bloomberg

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EVOL: How behind-the-meter battery storage is transforming industrial energy

On this episode of Energy Voice Out Loud in partnership with ABB, reporter Mathew Perry speaks with Matt Wise, the head of strategy and business development at ABB’s Electrification Service division. Together they explore how behind-the-meter battery energy storage is transforming industrial electricity consumers into active market players across the UK and Europe. As energy markets grow more volatile, businesses are looking for smarter, more flexible ways to manage supply, reduce costs, and even generate revenue – without the need for a large upfront capital investment. This episode of Energy Voice Out Loud is kindly sponsored by ABB BESS-as-a-Service.

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Penspen secures major contract for HyNet CO2 pipeline

Engineering consultancy Penspen has secured a multi-million pound contract from United Living Group for a CO2 transportation pipeline connected to HyNet North West. Under the deal, Penspen will deliver the detailed engineering design for the pipeline connected to Italian firm Eni’s Liverpool Bay carbon capture and storage (CCS) project. Penspen, a subsidiary of Dubai-based Sidara, will handle engineering works for the development of the onshore CO2 pipelines and above ground installations. The infrastructure will transport captured carbon emissions from industrial emitters in Stanlow to the Liverpool Bay CCS project via the Point of Ayr terminal. A team of 70 Penspen employees will deliver the contract from a dedicated office in London, with 20 jobs created for the work. In addition, Penspen said its team in Aberdeen will also support the contract delivery. Penspen energy transition director Darren Bartlett said: “This is a pivotal award that highlights Penspen’s reputation as specialists in supporting complex energy transition projects, applying over 70 years of international engineering expertise to meet the challenge of decarbonising the UK’s industrial hubs. © Supplied by PenspenA Penspen employee inspecting pipeline infrastructure. “The HyNet North West project will be transformational for the UK’s energy network, and we are proud to be working with United Living to deliver this first-of-its kind project at Liverpool Bay. “The development of this carbon capture facility will be critical in driving progress towards a cleaner energy future.” HyNet North West Eni is advancing the Liverpool Bay CCS project after reaching a financial deal with the UK government, allowing the HyNet industrial decarbonisation cluster to proceed. Located in north west England, the HyNet North West project will see CO2 emissions captured from industrial emitters around Liverpool and Manchester. The HyNet project will then transport the captured CO2 for offshore storage in the Liverpool Bay. The plans also

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Nigeria Remains Top Recipient of Shell Payments to Governments

Shell PLC remitted a total of $28.1 billion to governments in 24 countries where the British energy giant has upstream operations, with Nigeria maintaining its status as top recipient at $5.34 billion. Shell counts as payments to government those arising from exploration, prospection, discovery, development and extraction of oil, natural gas and minerals or other materials. The company excludes payments related to refining, gas liquefaction or gas-to-liquids activities, as well as payments made by entities where Shell has joint control. Shell also said that in line with a United Kingdom law requiring UK companies to report payments to governments, Shell only reports payments equal to or above the GBP 86,000 ($114,500) or equivalent materiality threshold. The bulk of the total figure for the countries that fall within the threshold was production entitlements, totaling $11.39 billion. Taxes accounted for $10.46 billion. Royalties were $4.32 billion. Fees comprised $1.91 billion. Bonuses and infrastructure improvements recorded $12.98 million and $1.13 million respectively. However, Shell said in a separate statement, “In 2024, Shell paid $18.2 billion in taxes to governments. We paid $12.5 billion in corporate income taxes ($0.5 billion of which were withholding taxes) and $5.7 billion in government royalties”. Nigeria received $3.8 billion in production entitlements, $648.73 million in taxes and $780.23 million in royalties. On March 13, 2025, Shell said it had completed the sale of its Niger Delta subsidiary to a Nigerian consortium for $1.3 billion. Renaissance Africa Energy Holdings has taken over Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd. (SPDC) and consequently acquired a 30 percent operating stake in the SPDC Joint Venture (JV). The SPDC JV holds 15 onshore oil mining leases (OMLs) and three shallow-water OMLs that have been plagued by oil spills, most of which Shell blamed on oil theft and sabotage. “The divestment of SPDC

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UK’s largest natural gas storage facility to shut down without government help

The UK’s largest natural gas storage facility will be “decommissioned” without Government support, its operator Centrica has said. British Gas owner Centrica said earlier this month that it remains in talks with ministers about government cooperation to expand and revamp its Rough facility off the coast of Yorkshire. The facility in the North Sea is the largest of its kind in the UK, but Centrica stopped filling it with natural gas last month amid concerns over its financial viability. The company usually starts injecting fuel into the Rough site by spring, but it had not done so by mid-April, according to reports. Asked by the BBC’s Sunday With Laura Kuenssberg programme why Centrica needed government backing, the company’s chief executive Chris O’Shea said: “We are a big business, but this asset will lose probably £100 million this year because the cost of running it is over £100 million. “If we were to simply spend £2 billion redeveloping this field and the summer-winter gas price stays the same, then we will lose that £2 billion and we’ll lose the cost of operating the facility. “It’s just not sustainable.” Mr O’Shea said the company was “not asking for any government money”. He added: “What we’re asking for is simply for the Government to help create the conditions which will unlock £2 billion of investment and it will create thousands of jobs in the construction phase, and it will safeguard the jobs of very highly skilled colleagues.” © Supplied by CentricaCentrica is exploring hydrogen storage options at Rough gas storage field. The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero said the future of Rough was a “commercial decision for Centrica”, but the Government remained “open to discussing proposals on gas storage sites”. While the UK does not rely heavily on gas storage compared

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Tamboran Prepares for Major Drilling in Beetaloo Basin

Australian upstream oil and gas company Tamboran Resources Corporation completed a 35-stage stimulation campaign in the Shenandoah South 2H sidetrack (SS-2H ST1) well across a 5,483-foot (1,671-metre) horizontal section. The SS-2H ST1 well was suspended for a longer duration of “soaking” following technical analysis of wells in the Beetaloo Basin and studies undertaken in the United States. The well was soaked for a total of 62 days before the reopening of the well in mid-May 2025. In May 2025, Tamboran unveiled a Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE) plan aimed at raising $55.4 million. Upon completion, the company expects to be fully funded to drill and complete the remaining three wells required to deliver first gas under the proposed 40 million cubic feet per day (MMcf/d) Shenandoah South (SS) pilot project. “The SS-2H ST1 well commenced flow testing in mid-May 2025, which is being tested for a full 90 days over a 5,483-foot (1,671-metre) horizontal section. We plan to update the market on the initial 30-day flow test (IP30) in mid-June 2025”, Joel Riddle, Tamboran Resources’ Chief Executive Officer, said. “Having successfully raised funding to progress drilling activity in the Beetaloo Basin, we are focused on delivering the largest single drilling campaign in the region to date”, Riddle added. “The program includes three wells drilled from the SS2 pad, commencing in mid-2025, and stimulation of up to 240 stages across four 10,000-foot horizontal wells. These wells are going to be critical for meeting the binding Gas Sales Agreement with the Northern Territory Government that will supply much-needed gas to Darwin to keep the lights on”. The three wells planned for the 2025 campaign will be drilled with a Helmerich & Payne Inc. rig over a 10,000-foot horizontal section, with up to 60 stages of stimulation for each, including the SS-3H well.

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Cisco taps OpenAI’s Codex for AI-driven network coding

“If you want to ask Codex a question about your codebase, click “Ask”. Each task is processed independently in a separate, isolated environment preloaded with your codebase. Codex can read and edit files, as well as run commands including test harnesses, linters, and type checkers. Task completion typically takes between 1 and 30 minutes, depending on complexity, and you can monitor Codex’s progress in real time,” according to OpenAI. “Once Codex completes a task, it commits its changes in its environment. Codex provides verifiable evidence of its actions through citations of terminal logs and test outputs, allowing you to trace each step taken during task completion,” OpenAI wrote. “You can then review the results, request further revisions, open a GitHub pull request, or directly integrate the changes into your local environment. In the product, you can configure the Codex environment to match your real development environment as closely as possible.” OpenAI is releasing Codex as a research preview: “We prioritized security and transparency when designing Codex so users can verify its outputs – a safeguard that grows increasingly more important as AI models handle more complex coding tasks independently and safety considerations evolve. Users can check Codex’s work through citations, terminal logs and test results,” OpenAI wrote.  Internally, technical teams at OpenAI have started using Codex. “It is most often used by OpenAI engineers to offload repetitive, well-scoped tasks, like refactoring, renaming, and writing tests, that would otherwise break focus. It’s equally useful for scaffolding new features, wiring components, fixing bugs, and drafting documentation,” OpenAI stated. Cisco’s view of agentic AI Patel stated that Codex is part of the developing AI agent world, where Cisco envisions billions of AI agents will work together to transform and redefine the architectural assumptions the industry has relied on. Agents will communicate within and

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US companies are helping Saudi Arabia to build an AI powerhouse

AMD announced a five-year, $10 billion collaboration with Humain to deploy up to 500 megawatts of AI compute in Saudi Arabia and the US, aiming to deploy “multi-exaflop capacity by early 2026.” AWS, too, is expanding its data centers in Saudi Arabia to bolster Humain’s cloud infrastructure. Saudi Arabia has abundant oil and gas to power those data centers, and is growing its renewable energy resources with the goal of supplying 50% of the country’s power by 2030. “Commercial electricity rates, nearly 50% lower than in the US, offer potential cost savings for AI model training, though high local hosting costs due to land, talent, and infrastructure limit total savings,” said Eric Samuel, Associate Director at IDC. Located near Middle Eastern population centers and fiber optic cables to Asia, these data centers will offer enterprises low-latency cloud computing for real-time AI applications. Late is great There’s an advantage to being a relative latecomer to the technology industry, said Eric Samuel, associate director, research at IDC. “Saudi Arabia’s greenfield tech landscape offers a unique opportunity for rapid, ground-up AI integration, unburdened by legacy systems,” he said.

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AMD, Nvidia partner with Saudi startup to build multi-billion dollar AI service centers

Humain will deploy the Nvidia Omniverse platform as a multi-tenant system to drive acceleration of the new era of physical AI and robotics through simulation, optimization and operation of physical environments by new human-AI-led solutions. The AMD deal did not discuss the number of chips involved in the deal, but it is valued at $10 billion. AMD and Humain plan to develop a comprehensive AI infrastructure through a network of AMD-based AI data centers that will extend from Saudi Arabia to the US and support a wide range of AI workloads across corporate, start-up, and government markets. Think of it as AWS but only offering AI as a service. AMD will provide its AI compute portfolio – Epyc, Instinct, and FPGA networking — and the AMD ROCm open software ecosystem, while Humain will manage the delivery of the hyperscale data center, sustainable power systems, and global fiber interconnects. The partners expect to activate a multi-exaflop network by early 2026, supported by next-generation AI silicon, modular data center zones, and a software platform stack focused on developer enablement, open standards, and interoperability. Amazon Web Services also got a piece of the action, announcing a more than $5 billion investment to build an “AI zone” in the Kingdom. The zone is the first of its kind and will bring together multiple capabilities, including dedicated AWS AI infrastructure and servers, UltraCluster networks for faster AI training and inference, AWS services like SageMaker and Bedrock, and AI application services such as Amazon Q. Like the AMD project, the zone will be available in 2026. Humain only emerged this month, so little is known about it. But given that it is backed by Crown Prince Salman and has the full weight of the Kingdom’s Public Investment Fund (PIF), which ranks among the world’s largest and

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Check Point CISO: Network segregation can prevent blackouts, disruptions

Fischbein agrees 100% with his colleague’s analysis and adds that education and training can help prevent such incidents from occurring. “Simulating such a blackout is impossible, it has never been done,” he acknowledges, but he is committed to strengthening personal and team training and risk awareness. Increased defense and cybersecurity budgets In 2025, industry watchers expect there will be an increase in the public budget allocated to defense. In Spain, one-third of the budget will be allocated to increasing cybersecurity. But for Fischbein, training teams is much more important than the budget. “The challenge is to distribute the budget in a way that can be managed,” he notes, and to leverage intuitive and easy-to-use platforms, so that organizations don’t have to invest all the money in training. “When you have information, management, users, devices, mobiles, data centers, clouds, cameras, printers… the security challenge is very complex. You have to look for a security platform that makes things easier, faster, and simpler,” he says. ” Today there are excellent tools that can stop all kinds of attacks.” “Since 2010, there have been cybersecurity systems, also from Check Point, that help prevent this type of incident from happening, but I’m not sure that [Spain’s electricity blackout] was a cyberattack.” Leading the way in email security According to Gartner’s Magic Quadrant, Check Point is the leader in email security platforms. Today email is still responsible for 88% of all malicious file distributions. Attacks that, as Fischbein explains, enter through phishing, spam, SMS, or QR codes. “There are two challenges: to stop the threats and not to disturb, because if the security tool is a nuisance it causes more harm than good. It is very important that the solution does not annoy [users],” he stresses. “As almost all attacks enter via e-mail, it is

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HPE ‘morphs’ private cloud portfolio with improved virtualization, storage and data protection

What do you get when combining Morpheus with Aruba? As part of the extensible platform message that HPE is promoting with Morpheus, it’s also working in some capabilities from the broader HPE portfolio. One integration is with HPE Aruba for networking microsegmentation. Bhardwaj noted that a lot of HPE Morpheus users are looking for microsegmentation in order to make sure that the traffic between two virtual machines on a server is secure. “The traditional approach of doing that is on the hypervisor, but that costs cycles on the hypervisor,” Bhardwaj said. “Frankly, the way that’s being delivered today, customers have to pay extra cost on the server.” With the HPE Aruba plugin that now works with HPE Morpheus, the microsegmentation capability can be enabled at the switch level. Bhardwaj said that by doing the microsegmentation in the switch and not the hypervisor, costs can be lowered and performance can be increased. The integration brings additional capabilities, including the ability to support VPN and network address translation (NAT) in an integrated way between the switch and the hypervisor. VMware isn’t the only hypervisor supported by HPE  The HPE Morpheus VM Essentials Hypervisor is another new element in the HPE cloud portfolio. The hypervisor is now being integrated into HPE’s private cloud offerings for both data center as well as edge deployments.

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AMD targets hosting providers with affordable EPYC 4005 processors

According to Pinkesh Kotecha, chairman and MD of Ishan Technologies, AMD’s 4th Gen EPYC processors stood out because they offer the right combination of high performance, energy efficiency, and security. “Their high core density and ability to optimize performance per watt made them ideal for managing data-intensive operations like real-time analytics and high-frequency transactions. Additionally, AMD’s strong AI roadmap and growing portfolio of AI-optimised solutions position them as a forward-looking partner, ready to support our customers’ evolving AI and data needs. This alignment made AMD a clear choice over alternatives,” Kotecha said. By integrating AMD EPYC processors, Ishan Technologies’ Ishan Cloud plans to empower enterprises across BFSI, ITeS, and manufacturing industries, as well as global capability centers and government organizations, to meet India’s data localization requirements and drive AI-led digital transformation. “The AMD EPYC 4005 series’ price-to-performance ratio makes it an attractive option for cloud hosting and web services, where cost-efficient, always-on performance is essential,” said Manish Rawat, analyst, TechInsights. Prabhu Ram, VP for the industry research group at CMR, said EPYC 4005 processors deliver a compelling mix of performance-per-watt, higher core counts, and modern I/O support, positioning it as a strong alternative to Intel’s Xeon E-2400 and 6300P, particularly for edge deployments. Shah of Counterpoint added, “While ARM-based Ampere Altra promises higher power efficiencies and is ideally adopted in more cloud and hyperscale data centers, though performance is something where x86-based Zen 5 architecture excels and nicely balances the efficiencies with lower TDPs, better software compatibilities supported by a more mature ecosystem.”

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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