
Nuclear Giant Constellation Acquires Natural Gas Stalwart Calpine, Creating the Largest U.S. Clean Energy Provider
On January 10, 2025, Constellation (Nasdaq: CEG) announced a definitive agreement to acquire Calpine Corp. in a $16.4 billion cash-and-stock transaction, including the assumption of $12.7 billion in net debt.
A landmark transaction, the acquisition positions Constellation as the largest clean energy provider in the United States, significantly enhancing its generation portfolio with natural gas and geothermal assets.
With an expanded coast-to-coast footprint, the combined company will provide 60 GW of power, reinforcing grid reliability and offering businesses and consumers a broader array of sustainability solutions.
The move strengthens Constellation’s competitive retail electricity presence, serving 2.5 million customers across key U.S. markets, including Texas, California, and the Northeast.
“This acquisition will help us better serve our customers across America, from families to businesses and utilities,” said Joe Dominguez, president and CEO of Constellation. “By combining Constellation’s unmatched expertise in zero-emission nuclear energy with Calpine’s industry-leading, low-carbon natural gas and geothermal generation, we can deliver the most comprehensive clean energy portfolio in the industry.”
A Strategic Move for the Data Center Industry
With skyrocketing demand for AI and cloud services, data centers are under increasing pressure to secure reliable, low-carbon energy sources. The Constellation-Calpine combination is particularly relevant for large-scale hyperscale operators and colocation providers seeking flexible energy solutions.
For the data center industry, this consolidation offers several advantages:
- Diverse Energy Mix: The integration of nuclear, geothermal, and low-emission natural gas provides data centers with flexible and reliable energy options.
- Grid Stability: Calpine’s extensive natural gas fleet enhances grid reliability, crucial for data centers operating in high-demand regions.
- Sustainability Initiatives: The combined entity is well-positioned to invest in clean energy infrastructure, including battery storage and carbon sequestration, aligning with the sustainability goals of hyperscale operators.
The acquisition strengthens Constellation’s ability to meet the power needs of data centers by integrating nuclear, geothermal, and low-emission natural gas into its energy offerings, providing greater stability in regions experiencing power constraints.
Calpine’s extensive natural gas fleet will continue to play a key role in grid stability, especially as more data centers come online in high-demand markets like Texas and Virginia.
The acquisition also enables Constellation to accelerate investments in clean energy infrastructure, including nuclear uprates, battery storage, and carbon sequestration technologies.
Expanding Constellation’s Market Reach
Further, the acquisition expands Constellation’s role as a retail and commercial energy provider, giving customers greater access to customized energy products.
“Together, we will be better positioned to accelerate investment in zero-emission nuclear and battery storage solutions that power the economy while prioritizing sustainability,” said Andrew Novotny, President and CEO of Calpine. “This is a win for businesses and communities that rely on clean, reliable energy.”
Tyler Reeder, President and Managing Partner of Energy Capital Partners (ECP), which has owned Calpine since 2018, emphasized the companies’ strategic alignment.
“Since acquiring Calpine, we have focused on unlocking value and driving future growth avenues. This transaction reflects the strong market position we have built,” Reeder said.
Financial and Regulatory Path Forward
The acquisition is expected to be immediately accretive, with Constellation projecting more than $2 billion in annual free cash flow and EPS accretion of at least $2 per share in future years. The deal is subject to regulatory approvals from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the Public Utility Commission of Texas, and other agencies, with closing anticipated within 12 months.
Lazard and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC are serving as financial advisors to Constellation, with Kirkland & Ellis providing legal counsel. Calpine’s financial advisors include Evercore, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, and Barclays US, with Latham & Watkins and White & Case serving as legal counsel.
Upon closing, Constellation will maintain its headquarters in Baltimore while continuing a significant presence in Houston, where Calpine is currently based.
Focus on Strategic PPAs to Meet Escalating Data Center Energy Demands
Finally, the data center industry’s extremely rapid growth since the AI inflection point keeps prompting significant power purchase agreements (PPAs) to secure sustainable and reliable energy sources.
Big data center PPAs of recent note include:
- NRG Energy’s Natural Gas Plants: Partnering with GE Vernova and Kiewit Corp., NRG Energy plans to construct four natural gas-fired power plants totaling approximately 5 GW. These facilities aim to supply electricity to data centers in Texas and other regions, with the first 1.2 GW plant expected operational by 2029.
- RWE and Meta’s Solar Projects: RWE has signed two long-term PPAs with Meta for solar farms under construction in Illinois and Louisiana, with a combined capacity of 374 MW. These projects, expected online by late 2025, will provide clean electricity to support Meta’s data centers and operations.
- Google’s Nuclear Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) Initiative: In October 2024, Google signed an agreement with Kairos Power to develop 500 megawatts of small modular reactors near its data centers, aiming for operational status by 2030. This initiative reflects Google’s commitment to securing reliable, clean energy for its expanding data center infrastructure.
These agreements are just a sampling of such recent deals, which underscore the data center industry’s – and particularly the hyperscalers’ – increasingly proactive approach to securing sustainable and reliable energy sources to meet wildly increasing operational demands in the age of AI.