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Global economic upheaval creates ROI for recycling rare earth elements in servers

“When you are getting rid of tens of thousands of devices every year and sometimes hundreds of thousands, negotiate,” Nguyen said. “You may be able to say ‘Give me X amount for this service, this device, this component.’” Data security preserved Other variables in this equation include privacy, cybersecurity and compliance concerns, given the data […]

“When you are getting rid of tens of thousands of devices every year and sometimes hundreds of thousands, negotiate,” Nguyen said. “You may be able to say ‘Give me X amount for this service, this device, this component.’”

Data security preserved

Other variables in this equation include privacy, cybersecurity and compliance concerns, given the data stored within those devices. But Western Digital and others said that should not be a problem.

“The enterprise companies destroy drives for data security,” said Rhownica Birch, director of global operations product sustainability at Western Digital. “Shredding drives still allows precious metals and rare earths to be recovered via this advanced recycling ecosystem.” 

Moor’s Brue agreed, and offered more detail.

“Extracting [rare earth elements] can be done after shredding. Shredding storage devices is an effective way to ensure data is irretrievable because the physical destruction makes recovery impossible,” she explained. “After shredding, magnets and other separation techniques are used to efficiently extract and preserve rare earth elements and other valuable materials for recycling.”

The shredding process is done by a certified service provider which will follow a chain of custody and then issue a certificate of destruction to the enterprise. That would make this Microsoft/Western Digital test, Brue said, “a completely safe method that meets data protection regulation requirements.”

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Many ways to use the date command on Linux

$ date +%s1746203311 You can also convert a timestamp back to a human-friendly date: $ date -d @1746203311Fri May 2 12:28:31 PM EDT 2025 The date -u commands displays the date and time in UTC (coordinated universal time): $ date -uFri May 2 04:30:55 PM UTC 2025 You can display

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Nvidia eyes China rebound with stripped-down AI chip tailored to export limits

“Nvidia’s region-specific, compliance-driven chip strategy introduces manageable fragmentation risks, but also unlocks significant opportunities for global enterprises,” said Prabhu Ram, VP of the industry research group at Cybermedia Research. “While hardware and software inconsistencies may complicate unified AI deployments, these variants enable legal market access, cost optimization, and hybrid architecture

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Six vendor platforms to watch

Most recently, Extreme (Nasdaq:EXTR) added an AI service agent to Platform ONE, as well as a new dashboard to simplify network and security operations. 3. Fortinet Security Platform: Integration is built-in The Fortinet Security Fabric features one operating system (FortiOS), a unified agent (FortiClient), one management console (FortiManager), one data

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Oil Slips Despite Easing Trade Tensions

Oil slipped as the looming prospect of another major OPEC+ production increase overshadowed easing trade tensions between the European Union and the US. West Texas Intermediate fell 1% to settle below $61 a barrel after a quiet session on Monday due to holidays in London and New York. The dollar advanced, making commodities priced in the currency less attractive. Oil has trended lower since mid-January as OPEC and its allies have pushed to restore idled supply faster than the market had expected, just as the global trade war threatens demand. Prices have largely stabilized near $61 as traders await the next output move from the cartel, due in the coming days. The cartel moved up the video-conference that will decide July production levels for eight key OPEC members by one day to May 31, according to delegates with knowledge of the matter. Members held preliminary talks last week on making a large production hike for a third consecutive month. Crude briefly flipped to positive earlier in the session after CNN said fresh penalties on Moscow may be announced in the coming days, potentially bolstering the risks to crude supplies in one of the world’s largest producers. US President Donald Trump said he’s considering new sanctions against Russia after large drone attacks on Ukraine in recent days. With geopolitical developments offering a mix of bearish and bullish factors, crude’s decline on Tuesday is mostly due to technical selling driven by short-term strategies from commodity trading advisers, said Rebecca Babin, a senior energy trader at CIBC Private Wealth Group. Oil has mostly shrugged off Trump’s decision to delay a potential increase in tariffs on the EU after the bloc agreed to accelerate negotiations with the US. Oil Prices WTI declined 1% to settle at $60.89 a barrel in New York. Brent slipped

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Saudi Arabia Based REDA Hazard Control Is Said to Explore Sale

Saudi Arabia-based REDA Hazard Control has been exploring strategic options including a full sale, according to people familiar with the matter, offering a rare opportunity for investors to buy into a privately held firm in the kingdom. The fire safety and equipment company has been working with Moelis & Co. on the potential transaction, the people said, asking not to be identified as the talks are private. It has approached prospective buyers — including both regional and international private equity firms, the people said.   No final decision has been made and discussions could still fall through, they added. Representatives for REDA and Moelis declined to comment. Founded in 1986, REDA provides safety and security services to key sectors in the kingdom including oil, gas, petrochemicals and aviation. Its clients include oil giant Saudi Aramco and chemical major Sabic, according to the company’s website. The company’s strong links to Saudi industrial heavyweights and its push to expand beyond the Gulf could make it attractive to global investors, the people said. Saudi Arabia is in the middle of an economic transition aimed at boosting local manufacturing and developing non-oil sectors such as mining and aviation. REDA also supplies specialty gear such as gas detectors, fire station equipment and welding helmets. Most of its offices, workshops and manufacturing sites are in the Gulf, but it also operates in Central and South Asia, North Africa and Ohio in the US, according to its website.  WHAT DO YOU THINK? Generated by readers, the comments included herein do not reflect the views and opinions of Rigzone. All comments are subject to editorial review. Off-topic, inappropriate or insulting comments will be removed. MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR Bloomberg

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CenterPoint completes critical Houston grid upgrades ahead of hurricane season

Dive Brief: Heading into the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season, CenterPoint Energy said Thursday that it has completed all of the critical portions of its Greater Houston Resiliency Initiative, including installing 26,000 storm-resilient poles, moving 400 miles of power lines underground and adding more than 5,100 automation devices to the electric system. CenterPoint launched the resiliency initiative last summer after Hurricane Beryl left almost 2.3 million customers around Houston without power. CenterPoint’s use of mobile generation following Beryl also led to an audit of the utility’s management practices. Consulting firm Moss Adams presented its findings to the Public Utility Commission of Texas on May 15, concluding the utility did not complete a formal vendor risk assessment prior to signing an $800 million leasing agreement for the generators. Dive Insight: CenterPoint faced additional scrutiny and proposed almost $6 billion in resilience investments following Beryl. The hurricane left about 80% of Houston-area customers without power, and the mobile generators the utility leased were largely unused during recovery. The Moss Adams audit concluded that CenterPoint’s procurement policy generally aligned with best practices, but it also said the utility should “ensure that vendor risk assessments are completed for all procurements” and should “implement a more detailed framework for identifying, assessing, and managing conflicts of interest.” In a response to the PUCT, CenterPoint said it agrees with the recommendations around vendor risk assessments and that its procurement process is “still maturing.” “We note that we did nevertheless consider the risks presented by the potential counterparties in reviewing bids and negotiating terms,” the utility said. The utility faced criticism last year for its lease of 32-MW and 5-MW generators from Life Cycle Power, and questions were raised about possible conflicts of interest in the procurement. CenterPoint disagreed with audit findings that it did not adequately consider potential conflicts

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DOE orders 1.6-GW coal-fired power plant to delay shutdown over MISO outage concerns

Dive Brief: In an emergency order, the U.S. Department of Energy on Friday directed Consumers Energy to delay, by about three months, shutting down a 1,560-MW, coal-fired power plant in Michigan, saying the Midcontinent region faces possible power outages this summer. In determining that the J.H. Campbell power plant in West Olive, Michigan, should run until Aug. 21, past its planned May 31 shutdown, DOE cited a North American Electric Reliability Corp. report that found that the Midcontinent Independent System Operator faces an elevated risk of power outages during high demand or lower power output periods this summer. Public Citizen plans to challenge the DOE’s “abuse of emergency authorities” when Consumers Energy seeks to recoup its costs for running the Campbell power plant longer than expected in an expected proceeding at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the consumer advocacy group said. Dive Insight: The Federal Power Act’s section 202(c) gives the DOE secretary the authority to temporarily order power plants to operate during wars and emergencies. It has been used 16 times since August 2020, according to DOE. In January, President Donald Trump declared that the United States faces an “energy emergency” and in April he ordered DOE Secretary Chris Wright to develop a process for issuing emergency orders to keep power plants operating in areas of the country deemed to have potential grid reliability problems. DOE cited two reports in finding that an emergency exists in MISO: NERC’s 2025 Summer Reliability Assessment issued on May 14 and the grid operator’s capacity auction results released in late April. The NERC assessment found that MISO, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, ISO New England and the Southwest Power Pool were at elevated risks of not having enough power supplies during stressed peak demand periods. No region was at high risk of electricity shortfalls,

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ABB launches BESS-as-a-service business model

ABB announced last week that it will now offer a Battery Energy Storage Systems-as-a-service solution that allows companies to deploy battery storage without upfront investment, with ABB managing deployment, maintenance and optimization. “The offer includes all hardware, software and lifecycle support,” ABB said in a Wednesday release, “so businesses can focus on their core operations while improving energy efficiency, resilience and long-term sustainability.” ABB said it will offer BESS-as-a-service in partnership with GridBeyond, using GridBeyond’s AI-driven platform to “[optimize] the performance of ABB’s BESS-as-a-Service assets [and enable] real-time energy optimisation, demand-side response participation, and access to new revenue streams in global energy markets.” “In addition, GridBeyond’s platform will deliver accurate energy price forecasting to optimise energy storage operations enabling informed decision-making, allowing for strategic charging and discharging that aligns with market dynamics and prolong the life of batteries,” GridBeyond said in a Wednesday release. ABB said it designed BESS-as-a-service to be “technology agnostic” and work with any type of battery technology. The company described the product as supporting a shift from capital expenditures, or upfront investments, to operational expenditures, or day-to-day costs. “Customers tell us that while they want to deploy the latest technologies to improve energy security and reduce their emissions and costs, they face financial obstacles,” said Stuart Thompson, division president of ABB’s Electrification Service Division. “We see BESS-as-a-Service as not just a new offering but a strategic lever for the division’s growth and innovation. We see significant potential to scale this globally.” GridBeyond said it and ABB will also collaborate with Tallarna, a climate tech and finance platform, which will “[bring] its data analytics software, insurance solutions, and financing expertise to de-risk BESS projects and provide visibility into the financial benefits of these initiatives.”

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Wildfires Erupt Near Alberta Oil Well Sites Amid Hot Weather

Hot weather sparked a string of wildfires around Alberta over the weekend, including some near oil and gas wells operated by Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. and others. Four out-of-control fires were burning in Alberta at 4:15 p.m. Monday, including a 2,000-hectare blaze near Swan Hills. The province issued a notice to the town’s residents telling them to prepare to evacuate within an hour if needed.  That fire is less than half a kilometer away from a CNRL-operated well site and within 20 kilometers of separate well sites operated by CNRL and other companies. Canadian Natural said in an email that it’s monitoring the wildfire situation across its operations, adding that it’s working to ensure that staff living in evacuation areas are safe and that it has emergency-response plans in place. Alberta Wildfire didn’t respond to a phone call seeking comment.  Wildfires present a regular threat to the province’s oil and gas production, typically from March through October. Fort McMurray, the largest population center near Alberta’s massive oil-sands operations, was heavily damaged by a blaze in 2016 that forced thousands to evacuate and temporarily shut more than 1 million barrels of daily oil output. WHAT DO YOU THINK? Generated by readers, the comments included herein do not reflect the views and opinions of Rigzone. All comments are subject to editorial review. Off-topic, inappropriate or insulting comments will be removed. MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR Bloomberg

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Platform approach gains steam among network teams

Revisting the platform vs. point solutions debate The dilemma of whether to deploy an assortment of best-of-breed products from multiple vendors or go with a unified platform of “good enough” tools from a single vendor has vexed IT execs forever. Today, the pendulum is swinging toward the platform approach for three key reasons. First, complexity, driven by the increasingly distributed nature of enterprise networks, has emerged as a top challenge facing IT execs. Second, the lines between networking and security are blurring, particularly as organizations deploy zero trust network access (ZTNA). And third, to reap the benefits of AIOps, generative AI and agentic AI, organizations need a unified data store. “The era of enterprise connectivity platforms is upon us,” says IDC analyst Brandon Butler. “Organizations are increasingly adopting platform-based approaches to their enterprise connectivity infrastructure to overcome complexity and unlock new business value. When enhanced by AI, enterprise platforms can increase productivity, enrich end-user experiences, enhance security, and ultimately drive new opportunities for innovation.” In IDC’s Worldwide AI in Networking Special Report, 78% of survey respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement: “I am moving to an AI-powered platform approach for networking.” Gartner predicts that 70% of enterprises will select a broad platform for new multi-cloud networking software deployments by 2027, an increase from 10% in early 2024. The breakdown of silos between network and security operations will be driven by organizations implementing zero-trust principles as well as the adoption of AI and AIOps. “In the future, enterprise networks will be increasingly automated, AI-assisted and more tightly integrated with security across LAN, data center and WAN domains,” according to Gartner’s 2025 Strategic Roadmap for Enterprise Networking. While all of the major networking vendors have announced cloud-based platforms, it’s still relatively early days. For example, Cisco announced a general framework for Cisco

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Oracle to spend $40B on Nvidia chips for OpenAI data center in Texas

OpenAI has also expanded Stargate internationally, with plans for a UAE data center announced during Trump’s recent Gulf tour. The Abu Dhabi facility is planned as a 10-square-mile campus with 5 gigawatts of power. Gogia said OpenAI’s selection of Oracle “is not just about raw compute, but about access to geographically distributed, enterprise-grade infrastructure that complements its ambition to serve diverse regulatory environments and availability zones.” Power demands create infrastructure dilemma The facility’s power requirements raise serious questions about AI’s sustainability. Gogia noted that the 1.2-gigawatt demand — “on par with a nuclear facility” — highlights “the energy unsustainability of today’s hyperscale AI ambitions.” Shah warned that the power envelope keeps expanding. “As AI scales up and so does the necessary compute infrastructure needs exponentially, the power envelope is also consistently rising,” he said. “The key question is how much is enough? Today it’s 1.2GW, tomorrow it would need even more.” This escalating demand could burden Texas’s infrastructure, potentially requiring billions in new power grid investments that “will eventually put burden on the tax-paying residents,” Shah noted. Alternatively, projects like Stargate may need to “build their own separate scalable power plant.” What this means for enterprises The scale of these facilities explains why many organizations are shifting toward leased AI computing rather than building their own capabilities. The capital requirements and operational complexity are beyond what most enterprises can handle independently.

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New Intel Xeon 6 CPUs unveiled; one powers rival Nvidia’s DGX B300

He added that his read is that “Intel recognizes that Nvidia is far and away the leader in the market for AI GPUs and is seeking to hitch itself to that wagon.” Roberts said, “basically, Intel, which has struggled tremendously and has turned over its CEO amidst a stock slide, needs to refocus to where it thinks it can win. That’s not competing directly with Nvidia but trying to use this partnership to re-secure its foothold in the data center and squeeze out rivals like AMD for the data center x86 market. In other words, I see this announcement as confirmation that Intel is looking to regroup, and pick fights it thinks it can win. “ He also predicted, “we can expect competition to heat up in this space as Intel takes on AMD’s Epyc lineup in a push to simplify and get back to basics.” Matt Kimball, vice president and principal analyst, who focuses on datacenter compute and storage at Moor Insights & Strategy, had a much different view about the announcement. The selection of the Intel sixth generation Xeon CPU, the 6776P, to support Nvidia’s DGX B300 is, he said, “important, as it validates Intel as a strong choice for the AI market. In the big picture, this isn’t about volumes or revenue, rather it’s about validating a strategy Intel has had for the last couple of generations — delivering accelerated performance across critical workloads.”  Kimball said that, In particular, there are a “couple things that I would think helped make Xeon the chosen CPU.”

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AWS clamping down on cloud capacity swapping; here’s what IT buyers need to know

As of June 1, AWS will no longer allow sub-account transfers or new commitments to be pooled and reallocated across customers. Barrow says the shift is happening because AWS is investing billions in new data centers to meet demand from AI and hyperscale workloads. “That infrastructure requires long-term planning and capital discipline,” he said. Phil Brunkard, executive counselor at Info-Tech Research Group UK, emphasized that AWS isn’t killing RIs or SPs, “it’s just closing a loophole.” “This stops MSPs from bulk‑buying a giant commitment, carving it up across dozens of tenants, and effectively reselling discounted EC2 hours,” he said. “Basically, AWS just tilted the field toward direct negotiations and cleaner billing.” What IT buyers should do now For enterprises that sourced discounted cloud resources through a broker or value-added reseller (VAR), the arbitrage window shuts, Brunkard noted. Enterprises should expect a “modest price bump” on steady‑state workloads and a “brief scramble” to unwind pooled commitments.  If original discounts were broker‑sourced, “budget for a small uptick,” he said. On the other hand, companies that buy their own RIs or SPs, or negotiate volume deals through AWS’s Enterprise Discount Program (EDP), shouldn’t be impacted, he said. Nothing changes except that pricing is now baselined.

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DriveNets extends AI networking fabric with multi-site capabilities for distributed GPU clusters

“We use the same physical architecture as anyone with top of rack and then leaf and spine switch,” Dudy Cohen, vice president of product marketing at DriveNets, told Network World. “But what happens between our top of rack, which is the switch that connects NICs (network interface cards) into the servers and the rest of the network is not based on Clos Ethernet architecture, rather on a very specific cell-based protocol. [It’s] the same protocol, by the way, that is used in the backplane of the chassis.” Cohen explained that any data packet that comes into an ingress switch from the NIC is cut into evenly sized cells, sprayed across the entire fabric and then reassembled on the other side. This approach distinguishes DriveNets from other solutions that might require specialized components such as Nvidia BlueField DPUs (data processing units) at the endpoints. “The fabric links between the top of rack and the spine are perfectly load balanced,” he said. “We do not use any hashing mechanism… and this is why we can contain all the congestion avoidance within the fabric and do not need any external assistance.” Multi-site implementation for distributed GPU clusters The multi-site capability allows organizations to overcome power constraints in a single data center by spreading GPU clusters across locations. This isn’t designed as a backup or failover mechanism. Lasser-Raab emphasized that it’s a single cluster in two locations that are up to 80 kilometers apart, which allows for connection to different power grids. The physical implementation typically uses high-bandwidth connections between sites. Cohen explained that there is either dark fiber or some DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) fibre optic connectivity between the sites. Typically the connections are bundles of four 800 gigabit ethernet, acting as a single 3.2 terabit per second connection.

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Intel eyes exit from NEX unit as focus shifts to core chip business

“That’s something we’re going to expand and build on,” Tan said, according to the report, pointing to Intel’s commanding 68% share of the PC chip market and 55% share in data centers. By contrast, the NEX unit — responsible for silicon and software that power telecom gear, 5G infrastructure, and edge computing — has struggled to deliver the kind of strategic advantage Intel needs. According to the report, Tan and his team view it as non-essential to Intel’s turnaround plans. The report described the telecom side of the business as increasingly disconnected from Intel’s long-term objectives, while also pointing to fierce competition from companies like Broadcom that dominate key portions of the networking silicon market and leave little room for Intel to gain a meaningful share. Financial weight, strategic doubts Despite generating $5.8 billion in revenue in 2024, the NEX business was folded into Intel’s broader Data Center and Client Computing groups earlier this year. The move was seen internally as a signal that NEX had lost its independent strategic relevance and also reflects Tan’s ruthless prioritization.  To some in the industry, the review comes as little surprise. Over the past year, Intel has already shed non-core assets. In April, it sold a majority stake in Altera, its FPGA business, to private equity firm Silver Lake for $4.46 billion, shelving earlier plans for a public listing. This followed the 2022 spinoff of Mobileye, its autonomous driving arm. With a $19 billion loss in 2024 and revenue falling to $53.1 billion, the chipmaker also aims to streamline management, cut $10 billion in costs, and bet on AI chips and foundry services, competing with Nvidia, AMD, and TSMC.

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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