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Hydrogen sector seeks policy certainty as UK government pledges revamped strategy

The UK hydrogen industry is calling on the government to deliver “pragmatism” and policy certainty to help the nascent sector overcome development challenges. It comes as the UK Labour government today pledged to unveil an updated hydrogen strategy later this year. The new hydrogen strategy will build on one introduced under the previous Conservative government […]

The UK hydrogen industry is calling on the government to deliver “pragmatism” and policy certainty to help the nascent sector overcome development challenges.

It comes as the UK Labour government today pledged to unveil an updated hydrogen strategy later this year.

The new hydrogen strategy will build on one introduced under the previous Conservative government in 2021.

Addressing the Hydrogen UK annual conference in Birmingham, industry minister Sarah Jones said the updated strategy comes following “a great deal of change” in the industry in recent years.

“New evidence has emerged on costs, demand and expected operating patterns, and our understanding has evolved in time, both in terms of how we can best use hydrogen in energy systems, and how we can expect the hydrogen economy to develop over time,” Jones said.

Clean power and economic growth

The government believes hydrogen will play a central role in two of Labour’s “guiding missions”, Jones said, delivering its clean power by 2030 target and securing economic growth.

Jones said the hydrogen strategy will set out the government’s plans to “build on the progress made in recent years and seize the opportunities ahead”.

In addition, Jones said the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) will announce the successful projects within the second hydrogen allocation round (HAR2) “very shortly”.

© Supplied by Voltalis
Picture shows; Industry minister Sarah Jones. Royal Society of Arts. Supplied by Voltalis Date; 29/01/2025

The first allocation round (HAR1) saw 11 green hydrogen projects secure close to £2 billion in UK government funding in 2023 as part of the revenue support scheme.

However, the first round fell short of securing its 250 MW capacity target, and there have been lengthy delays in securing final investment decisions from HAR1 developers.

While several HAR1 developers have now signed government contracts, Jones said the government expects to secure agreement across all 11 projects by the end of May.

As a result of the delays to HAR1, the industry is keenly awaiting HAR2 results for a clearer picture of how the UK hydrogen sector is developing.

UK hydrogen sector progress

Hydrogen UK chief executive Clare Jackson acknowledged that progress within the sector has moved “painfully slowly” in recent months.

Speaking at the conference in Birmingham, Jackson said progress “is not linear” within an emerging energy sector like hydrogen and acknowledged the many “frustrations” experienced in recent years, such as a recent decision by BP to scrap a green hydrogen project in Teesside.

“There are always going to be challenges, obstacles, bumps in the road, but as I look ahead I see a great many reasons for hope and optimism,” she said.

© Supplied by Hydrogen UK
Hydrogen UK chief executive Clare Jackson speaks at the 2024 Hydrogen UK Awards.

“The case for hydrogen has never been more compelling, there is global consensus across governments and industry that net zero simply cannot be delivered without hydrogen.”

Pointing to the government’s ambitions around economic growth, Jackson said the Labour administration “cannot ignore” the fuel source.

“Hydrogen offers the UK a unique opportunity amongst energy transition technologies to deliver clean jobs and economic growth,” Jackson said.

“Unlike many other areas, it’s a huge future global market.”

Jackson said some estimates showed the global hydrogen market could be worth up to $8 trillion (£6.2tn) by 2050.

The nascent nature of the hydrogen sector means a large portion of that economic opportunity is “still up for grabs”, Jackson said, with the UK “incredibly well positioned to capitalise”.

“We have the geology, we’ve got the geography, we’ve got the project pipeline,” Jackson said.

“We’ve got £20bn worth of private sector investment that is ready to go in this country.”

Hydrogen sector needs support

While there was plenty of optimism on show at the industry gathering, many speakers also called for pragmatism in areas such as government support for blue or ‘low carbon’ hydrogen.

Elsewhere, analysts are also warning that the hydrogen industry across the UK and Europe is still facing significant headwinds.

Research from analyst firm Westwood Global Energy Group released earlier this week showed that 83% of European hydrogen projects may fail to materialise by 2030 without market intervention.

Westwood said its research showed a similar picture within the UK, with the firm estimating a potential delivery range of just 1% to 24% of its pipeline by 2030.

The analysis underlines the “sizable policy, funding and mandate shortfall”, Westwood said.

Westwood hydrogen manager Jun Sasamura said the “gap between ambition and reality in Europe’s hydrogen sector is widening”.

“While targets are necessary, they will remain out of reach unless the policy landscape evolves,” Sasamura said.

“For the UK in particular,  without sharper coordination and a clearer demand-side focused approach, there is a potential risk of falling behind.”

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New Intel CEO Lip-Bu Tan begins to lay out technology roadmap

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Tariff war throws building of data centers into disarray

Forrester’s bottom line? “Because of the long term planning and all of the potential policy changes, I wouldn’t change my data center plans that much,” Nguyen said. Confusion reigns Every day it seems, the tariff situation becomes muddier. For example, according to a fact sheet released Wednesday, the White House has temporarily exempted semiconductors from tariffs, but not the aluminum used to build the servers and racks that house them. Furthermore, Scott Bickley, advisory fellow at the Info-Tech Research Group, said it is important to note how the various countries match with the various components. “Just about every major cost center for the buildout of a data center will be severely impacted by the new tariffs. Servers and hardware, including semiconductors, memory, network components, cabling, construction materials are going to see prices rise overnight once the tariffs go into effect,” Bickley said. “Consider that China, which has a 54% full tariff, is a major source of raw materials and rare earth elements essential for manufacturing DC components while Taiwan, at a 32% tariff rate, is the sole-source provider country for most advanced chipsets used in AI, cell phones, and any modern application footprint requiring high performance in a small footprint. South Korea (25% tariff) is a key provider of memory chips, while Japan (24%), Germany (20% EU rate), and the Netherlands (20% EU rate) are providers of sub-components like server racks, cooling systems, and semiconductor equipment.” But, he continued: “Now factor in the offshore/nearshore contract manufacturers like Mexico and Vietnam (46%) for electronics manufacturing (assembly and distribution) and Malaysia (10%) for semiconductor packaging, and it is clear to see that the complete technology supply chain leading into the data center will be taxed at multiple touchpoints.” Put all of that together and Info-Tech anticipates a lot of enterprise data center pain.

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New MLCommons benchmarks to test AI infrastructure performance

The latest release also broadens its scope beyond chatbot benchmarks. A new graph neural network (GNN) test targets datacenter-class hardware and is designed for workloads like fraud detection, recommendation engines, and knowledge graphs. It uses the RGAT model based on a graph dataset containing over 547 million nodes and 5.8 billion edges. Judging performance Analysts suggest that these benchmarks will make it easier to judge the performance of various hardware chips and clusters based on documented models. “As every chipmaker seeks to prove that its hardware is good enough to support AI, we now have a standard benchmark that shows the quality of question support, math, and coding skills associated with hardware,” said Hyoun Park, CEO and Chief Analyst at Amalgam Insights.  Chipmakers can now compete not just on traditional speeds and feeds, but in mathematical skill and informational accuracy. This benchmark provides a rare opportunity to add new performance standards on cross-vendor hardware, Park added. “The latency in terms of how quickly tokens are delivered and the time for the user to see the response is the deciding factor,” said Neil Shah, partner and co-founder at Counterpoint Research. “This is where players such as NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel have to get the software right to help developers optimize the models and bring out the best compute performance.” Benchmarking and buying decisions Independent benchmarks like those from MLCommons play a key role in helping buyers evaluate system performance, but relying on them alone may not provide the full picture.

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But analysts have questioned whether the Microsoft move truly addresses those European business concerns. Phil Brunkard, executive counselor at Info-Tech Research Group UK, said, commenting on last month’s announcement of the EU Data Boundary for the Microsoft Cloud,  “Microsoft says that customer data will remain stored and processed in the EU and EFTA, but doesn’t guarantee true data sovereignty.” And European companies are now rethinking what data sovereignty means to them. They are moving beyond having it refer to where the data sits to focusing on which vendors control it, and who controls them. Responding to the new Euro cloud plan, another analyst, IDC VP Dave McCarthy, saw the effort as “signaling a growing European push for data control and independence.” “US providers could face tougher competition from EU companies that leverage this tech to offer sovereignty-friendly alternatives. Although €1 million isn’t a game-changer on its own, it’s a clear sign Europe wants to build its own cloud ecosystem—potentially at the expense of US market share,” McCarthy said. “For US providers, this could mean investing in more EU-based data centers or reconfiguring systems to ensure European customers’ data stays within the region. This isn’t just a compliance checkbox. It’s a shift that could hike operational costs and complexity, especially for companies used to running centralized setups.” Adding to the potential bad news for US hyperscalers, McCarthy said that there was little reason to believe that this trend would be limited to Europe. “If Europe pulls this off, other regions might take note and push for similar sovereignty rules. US providers could find themselves adapting to a patchwork of regulations worldwide, forcing a rethink of their global strategies,” McCarthy said. “This isn’t just a European headache, it’s a preview of what could become a broader challenge.”

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Talent gap complicates cost-conscious cloud planning

The top strategy so far is what one enterprise calls the “Cloud Team.” You assemble all your people with cloud skills, and your own best software architect, and have the team examine current and proposed cloud applications, looking for a high-level approach that meets business goals. In this process, the team tries to avoid implementation specifics, focusing instead on the notion that a hybrid application has an agile cloud side and a governance-and-sovereignty data center side, and what has to be done is push functionality into the right place. The Cloud Team supporters say that an experienced application architect can deal with the cloud in abstract, without detailed knowledge of cloud tools and costs. For example, the architect can assess the value of using an event-driven versus transactional model without fixating on how either could be done. The idea is to first come up with approaches. Then, developers could work with cloud providers to map each approach to an implementation, and assess the costs, benefits, and risks. Ok, I lied about this being the top strategy—sort of, at least. It’s the only strategy that’s making much sense. The enterprises all start their cloud-reassessment journey on a different tack, but they agree it doesn’t work. The knee-jerk approach to cloud costs is to attack the implementation, not the design. What cloud features did you pick? Could you find ones that cost less? Could you perhaps shed all the special features and just host containers or VMs with no web services at all? Enterprises who try this, meaning almost all of them, report that they save less than 15% on cloud costs, a rate of savings that means roughly a five-year payback on the costs of making the application changes…if they can make them at all. Enterprises used to build all of

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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