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Johnson Matthey confirms £1.8bn sale of sustainable aviation fuels business

Johnson Matthey, the London-listed industrial group, has confirmed plans to sell a unit involved in the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) as its board fends off pressure from an American activist investor. The London-based company, founded in 1817, has been exploring the sale of all or part of its businesses over the past couple […]

Johnson Matthey, the London-listed industrial group, has confirmed plans to sell a unit involved in the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) as its board fends off pressure from an American activist investor.

The London-based company, founded in 1817, has been exploring the sale of all or part of its businesses over the past couple of years to compensate for its underperformance.

In its annual results the group confirmed it had agreed sale of Catalyst Technologies to Honeywell International at an “attractive” value of £1.8 billion on a cash and debt-free basis, with net proceeds expected to come in at £1.4bn.

The deal includes its involvement in a sustainable aviation fuel project in Teesside.

The Willis Sustainable Fuels’ (WSF) sustainable aviation fuel project was listed amongst nine “new large scale projects in our sustainable technologies portfolio” in its catalysts business.

In March, WSF announced a partnership with Johnson Matthey to use its FT CANS feedstock technology, developed in partnership with BP,  as well as its testing facilities located in Teesside as part of the project which is expected to be operational by 2028.

WSF, part of aviation giant Willis Lease Finance Corporation, had its plans for its Carbonshift  SAF refinery on the Teesworks site approved by Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council.

Recently, the project was awarded a £4.7m grant from the UK Department for Transport Advanced Fuels Fund competition.

Johnson Matthew technology is also being deployed in Kellas Midstream’s H2NorthEast hydrogen scheme and BP’s H2Teesside plans.

Johnson Matthey said profits in the year to end of March were hit by a £329m impairment and restructuring charges with the biggest hit taken in its hydrogen business.

The firm’s Stockton base is where the firm’s scientists and engineers created and continue to develop its low carbon hydrogen technology.

The firm said development of green hydrogen has “slowed considerably” due to “decelerating momentum around regulatory incentives, lack of hydrogen infrastructure, and high cost compared to incumbent technologies”.

Sales in the division, which is led out of Swindon, were down 15% to £60m, primarily driven by lower electrolyser sales.

It also slashed headcount 30% and said it will reduce investment in the division further, on the expectation the business will break even by end of 2025/26.

In its annual report it said: “Hydrogen is critical to the energy transition.

“With our decades of experience in fuel cells and our strong technical capabilities in PGM chemistry and catalysis, Hydrogen Technologies is well positioned for this long-term growth opportunity.

“Since late 2023, development of the green market has slowed significantly, driven by decelerating momentum around regulatory incentives, lack of hydrogen infrastructure, and high cost compared to incumbent technologies.

“Reflecting the market slowdown, we have adapted our strategy. We took action to reduce cost and are focused on reducing investment whilst maintaining long-term growth optionality.

“In the year, we recognised a £134m impairment of Hydrogen Technologies due to the further slowdown of the energy transition and the corresponding slower transition to hydrogen fuel cell and electrolyser technologies.

“We continue to expect Hydrogen Technologies to reach operating profit breakeven by the end of 2025/26 and be cash flow positive in 2026/27.”

Johnson Matthew has been facing pressure from Standard Industries, the US-based conglomerate which is its biggest shareholder with a stake of over 10%.

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OPEC+ Discusses Another Super-Sized Output Hike for July

OPEC+ members are discussing making a third consecutive oil production surge in July, to be decided at the group’s meeting in just over a week, delegates said. An output hike of 411,000 barrels a day for July — triple the amount initially planned — is among options under discussion, although no final agreement has yet been reached, said the delegates, asking not to be named because the information is private. A final decision is due to be taken at a gathering on June 1. The cartel has helped sink crude prices since announcing 411,000-barrel hikes for May and June — equivalent to about 1% of current OPEC+ output — in a historic break with years of defending oil markets. Oil made a fresh plunge on Thursday, dropping 0.9% to $64.31 a barrel as of 9:13 a.m. in London.  While OPEC+ says the supply increases are to satisfy demand, officials have privately proffered a range of motives, from punishing over-producing members to recouping market share and placating President Donald Trump. Group leader Saudi Arabia warned errant members such as Kazakhstan and Iraq at their last meeting that it could deliver further production increases unless they fall in line with their quotas. Despite some promises of atonement, the Kazakhs have made little effort to rein in international oil companies operating in the country and continue to export near record levels. “Our call is for another 411,000 barrel-a-day increase in the OPEC quota in July, similar to May and June,” said Martijn Rats, global oil strategist at Morgan Stanley. “Compliance by the over-producing countries has not changed much, and so far, the previous quota increases have been absorbed by the market.” In a Bloomberg survey, 25 of 32 traders and analysts predicted OPEC+ will indeed approve a hike of 411,000 barrels a day. Five said they

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Ithaca Boosts Stake in ‘Largest UK Continental Shelf Gas Field’

In a release posted on its website this week, Ithaca Energy announced that it has signed a sale and purchase agreement to acquire an additional 46.25 percent stake in the Cygnus gas field from Spirit Energy for a purchase price of GBP 116 million ($155.8 million). The deal is based on an effective date of January 1, 2025, and is subject to North Sea Transition Authority (NSTA) consent, Ithaca highlighted in the release, adding that the transaction will increase Ithaca Energy’s operated interest in Cygnus to 85 percent. Ithaca noted in the release that the deal is expected to add 23 million barrels of oil equivalent of 2P reserves, as at January 1, 2025, and pro forma production between 12.5 – 13.5 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2025. “This transaction is in line with the group’s strategy to pursue value-accretive M&A, adding high-quality assets in our core UK Continental Shelf market,” Ithaca said in the release. “The transaction equates to a valuation of less than $7 per barrel of oil equivalent on 2P Reserves, which we believe is good value for equity in a producing field that we know and understand,” the company added. In the release, Ithaca’s Executive Chairman Yaniv Friedman said, “[this] transaction with Spirit Energy provides further equity in a high-margin, high-quality producing gas asset that we understand deeply through our operatorship”. “This deal follows our Japex (Seagull) deal announced just two months ago and further demonstrates our growth strategy in action. By increasing our stake in Cygnus we add incremental reserves and production to our portfolio at attractive valuation metrics that ticks all of our investment criteria, without adding any complexity,” Friedman added. “We also see significant upside potential through further infill drilling beyond the next three approved wells. This is the type

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Petrofac Gets Court Approval for Restructuring but Faces Appeal

Petrofac Ltd. has received approval from the High Court of England and Wales to enforce its financial restructuring plan that would unlock $355 million in new funding. However, an existing appeal brought by certain creditors connected with the Thai Oil project is contesting the convening order before the Court of Appeal. The appellate court reserved June 2-4 for the review of the appeal, the Jersey-based energy engineering company said in an online statement. The funding unlocked by the court approval will “significantly reduce the Group’s indebtedness, materially strengthening its financial position”, Petrofac said. In its latest results report, for the first half of 2024, Petrofac saw a year-on-year increase in net losses of $26 million to $162 million due to “the continued impact of legacy contracts, the challenges in securing performance guarantees and adverse operating leverage”. Petrofac has deferred the publication of its annual results until after the restructuring effectivity date. “Together with the support displayed by shareholders, lenders, investors and key clients, the High Court’s sanctioning of the Restructuring Plan confirms it is the best path forward, and follows enormous efforts to develop and implement it over the last 18 months”, said chair René Medori. “The wider Board and I are conscious of the demands this process has placed on all the Group’s stakeholders”. Medori also confirmed Aidan de Brunner will leave the board on May 31, having joined to support engagement with stakeholders during the restructuring negotiations. On December 23, 2024, Petrofac signed a lock-up deal with creditors laying the terms for the financial restructuring, which includes new debt and equity. The lock-up agreement “formalizes the in-principle agreement announced by the Company on 27 September 2024 with certain key stakeholders including an ad hoc group of holders of senior secured notes and certain other senior secured noteholders, which together

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Energy Secretary Wright Testifies Before Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on FY2026 Budget Request

Secretary Wright’s opening remarks: Chairman Kennedy, Ranking Member Murray, and members of the committee, it is an honor to appear before you today as Secretary of Energy to discuss the President’s Fiscal Year 2026 Budget request for the Department of Energy. I want to commend this committee for its longstanding commitment to energy policy and to the mission of the Department. Energy is the backbone of civilization. It is the essential catalyst of human progress— enabling everything we do, everything. From the lights in our home, the heat in our homes, the process heat in our factories, and the innovation in our National Laboratories. I’ve dedicated my life to increasing access to energy and bettering human lives, and I’m thrilled to carry my work forward at the Department of Energy. My priorities for the Department are clear— to unleash a golden era of American energy dominance, strengthen our national security, and lead the world in innovation. A reliable and abundant energy supply is the foundation of a strong and prosperous nation. When America leads in energy, we lead in prosperity, security and human flourishing. America has the historic opportunity to secure our energy systems, lead the world in scientific and technological innovation; maintain and strengthen our weapons stockpile, and meet Cold War legacy waste commitments. The Department of Energy will advance these critical missions while cutting red tape, increasing efficiency, and unleashing innovation and ensuring we are better stewards of taxpayer dollars. The President’s Fiscal Year ’26 budget will ensure taxpayer resources are allocated appropriately and cost-effectively. This budget will return DOE to its core mission of advancing energy innovation and global competitiveness through research and development. We will invest DOE’s resources in sources and technologies that support affordable, reliable, and secure energy and provide a return on investment for

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European Commission Awards $1B in Green Hydrogen Subsidies

Fifteen renewable hydrogen production projects across five countries have secured a total of EUR 992 million ($1.12 billion) in grants after the second round of the European Hydrogen Bank. The amount is a fraction of the EUR 4.8 billion requested by project proposals in the bidding round. The submitted bids represented about 6.3 gigawatts (GW), according to the European Commission. The 15 selected “are expected to produce nearly 2.2 million tonnes of renewable hydrogen over 10 years, avoiding more than 15 million tonnes of CO2 emissions”, the Commission said in an online statement. “The hydrogen will be produced in sectors such as transportation, the chemical industry, or the production of methanol and ammonia”. The grant comes in the form of a subsidy meant to help close the price difference between production costs and the price buyers are currently willing to pay. Winners will receive a fixed premium per kilogram of renewable hydrogen produced over a period of up to 10 years. “Of the selected projects, 12 are committed to producing renewable hydrogen with fixed premium support between EUR 0.20 and EUR 0.60 per kilogram”, the Commission said. “For the first time, the auction provided a dedicated budget for hydrogen producers with off-takers in the maritime sector, which are entities using the hydrogen produced by the project for carrying out or making use of bunkering activities”. Eight of the selected projects are in Spain, three are in Norway and two are in Germany. Finland and the Netherlands each have one. The biggest in terms of production volume is the Netherlands’ Zeevonk Electrolyser project, which had a bid volume of 411 kilotons of hydrogen over 10 years. It was followed by Meridian SAS’ KASKADE project in Germany (354 kilotons over 10 years). Koppo Energia Oy’s Kristinestad PtX project in Finland rounded up the

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Thousands of Business Figures Call for Immediate End to UK EPL

More than 2,500 business figures have called for an “immediate end” to the UK government’s Energy Profits Levy (EPL) in an open letter, which was posted on the Aberdeen & Grampian Chamber of Commerce (AGCC) website. “Dear Prime Minister, it is almost exactly a year since you publicly insisted that your party’s plans for the North Sea would not cost jobs,” the letter, signed by several chairs, directors, and chief executives, including AGCC Chief Executive Russel Borthwick, reads. “On 7th May, the largest independent operator in the UK Continental Shelf, Harbour Energy, announced plans to cut its workforce by 25 percent with 250 roles in Aberdeen being placed at risk,” it states. “This is a devastating blow for the economy across the region, and the government should be concerned that with continued job losses in the North Sea the UK’s long-term energy security is threatened,” it adds. “Harbour Energy has been clear that they have come to the decision as a direct result of the punitive Energy Profits Levy. For years oil and gas companies have argued that it is hemorrhaging investment in the sector, a policy that OEUK analysis shows has, so far, cost 10,000 jobs since its inception, whilst in the same period the price of Brent Crude oil has nearly halved,” the letter continues. “This, along with the fact that in the last 10 days a further 300 jobs have been lost across our region at subsea engineering supply chain firms, serves as an important reminder that our energy sector is highly integrated,” it notes. “In short, we are at grave risk of losing the world-class company and skills base that will be required to deliver offshore wind, green hydrogen, and carbon capture projects at pace at such time they are available commercially at scale,” the letter

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AWS clamping down on cloud capacity swapping; here’s what IT buyers need to know

As of June 1, AWS will no longer allow sub-account transfers or new commitments to be pooled and reallocated across customers. Barrow says the shift is happening because AWS is investing billions in new data centers to meet demand from AI and hyperscale workloads. “That infrastructure requires long-term planning and capital discipline,” he said. Phil Brunkard, executive counselor at Info-Tech Research Group UK, emphasized that AWS isn’t killing RIs or SPs, “it’s just closing a loophole.” “This stops MSPs from bulk‑buying a giant commitment, carving it up across dozens of tenants, and effectively reselling discounted EC2 hours,” he said. “Basically, AWS just tilted the field toward direct negotiations and cleaner billing.” What IT buyers should do now For enterprises that sourced discounted cloud resources through a broker or value-added reseller (VAR), the arbitrage window shuts, Brunkard noted. Enterprises should expect a “modest price bump” on steady‑state workloads and a “brief scramble” to unwind pooled commitments.  If original discounts were broker‑sourced, “budget for a small uptick,” he said. On the other hand, companies that buy their own RIs or SPs, or negotiate volume deals through AWS’s Enterprise Discount Program (EDP), shouldn’t be impacted, he said. Nothing changes except that pricing is now baselined.

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DriveNets extends AI networking fabric with multi-site capabilities for distributed GPU clusters

“We use the same physical architecture as anyone with top of rack and then leaf and spine switch,” Dudy Cohen, vice president of product marketing at DriveNets, told Network World. “But what happens between our top of rack, which is the switch that connects NICs (network interface cards) into the servers and the rest of the network is not based on Clos Ethernet architecture, rather on a very specific cell-based protocol. [It’s] the same protocol, by the way, that is used in the backplane of the chassis.” Cohen explained that any data packet that comes into an ingress switch from the NIC is cut into evenly sized cells, sprayed across the entire fabric and then reassembled on the other side. This approach distinguishes DriveNets from other solutions that might require specialized components such as Nvidia BlueField DPUs (data processing units) at the endpoints. “The fabric links between the top of rack and the spine are perfectly load balanced,” he said. “We do not use any hashing mechanism… and this is why we can contain all the congestion avoidance within the fabric and do not need any external assistance.” Multi-site implementation for distributed GPU clusters The multi-site capability allows organizations to overcome power constraints in a single data center by spreading GPU clusters across locations. This isn’t designed as a backup or failover mechanism. Lasser-Raab emphasized that it’s a single cluster in two locations that are up to 80 kilometers apart, which allows for connection to different power grids. The physical implementation typically uses high-bandwidth connections between sites. Cohen explained that there is either dark fiber or some DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) fibre optic connectivity between the sites. Typically the connections are bundles of four 800 gigabit ethernet, acting as a single 3.2 terabit per second connection.

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Intel eyes exit from NEX unit as focus shifts to core chip business

“That’s something we’re going to expand and build on,” Tan said, according to the report, pointing to Intel’s commanding 68% share of the PC chip market and 55% share in data centers. By contrast, the NEX unit — responsible for silicon and software that power telecom gear, 5G infrastructure, and edge computing — has struggled to deliver the kind of strategic advantage Intel needs. According to the report, Tan and his team view it as non-essential to Intel’s turnaround plans. The report described the telecom side of the business as increasingly disconnected from Intel’s long-term objectives, while also pointing to fierce competition from companies like Broadcom that dominate key portions of the networking silicon market and leave little room for Intel to gain a meaningful share. Financial weight, strategic doubts Despite generating $5.8 billion in revenue in 2024, the NEX business was folded into Intel’s broader Data Center and Client Computing groups earlier this year. The move was seen internally as a signal that NEX had lost its independent strategic relevance and also reflects Tan’s ruthless prioritization.  To some in the industry, the review comes as little surprise. Over the past year, Intel has already shed non-core assets. In April, it sold a majority stake in Altera, its FPGA business, to private equity firm Silver Lake for $4.46 billion, shelving earlier plans for a public listing. This followed the 2022 spinoff of Mobileye, its autonomous driving arm. With a $19 billion loss in 2024 and revenue falling to $53.1 billion, the chipmaker also aims to streamline management, cut $10 billion in costs, and bet on AI chips and foundry services, competing with Nvidia, AMD, and TSMC.

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Tariff uncertainty weighs on networking vendors

“Our guide assumes current tariffs and exemptions remain in place through the quarter. These include the following: China at 30%, partially offset by an exemption for semiconductors and certain electronic components; Mexico and Canada at 25% for the components and products that are not eligible for the current exemptions,” Cisco CFO Scott Herron told Wall Street analysts in the company’s quarterly earnings report on May 14. At this time, Cisco expects little impact from tariffs on steel and aluminum and retaliatory tariffs, Herron said. “We’ll continue to leverage our world-class supply chain team to help mitigate the impact,” he said, adding that “the flexibility and agility we have built into our operations over the last few years, the size and scale of our supply chain, provides us some unique advantages as we support our customers globally.” “Once the tariff scenario stabilizes, there [are] steps that we can take to mitigate it, as you’ve seen us do with China from the first Trump administration. And only after that would we consider price [increases],” Herron said. Similarly, Extreme Networks noted the changing tariff conditions during its earnings call on April 30. “The tariff situation is very dynamic, I think, as everybody knows and can appreciate, and it’s kind of hard to call. Yes, there was concern initially given the magnitude of tariffs,” said Extreme Networks CEO Ed Meyercord on the earnings call. “The larger question is, will all of the changes globally in trade and tariff policy have an impact on demand? And that’s hard to call at this point. And we’re going to hold as far as providing guidance or judgment on that until we have finality come July.” Financial news Meanwhile, AI is fueling high expectations and influencing investments in enterprise campus and data center environments.

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Liquid cooling becoming essential as AI servers proliferate

“Facility water loops sometimes have good water quality, sometimes bad,” says My Troung, CTO at ZutaCore, a liquid cooling company. “Sometimes you have organics you don’t want to have inside the technical loop.” So there’s one set of pipes that goes around the data center, collecting the heat from the server racks, and another set of smaller pipes that lives inside individual racks or servers. “That inner loop is some sort of technical fluid, and the two loops exchange heat across a heat exchanger,” says Troung. The most common approach today, he says, is to use a single-phase liquid — one that stays in liquid form and never evaporates into a gas — such as water or propylene glycol. But it’s not the most efficient option. Evaporation is a great way to dissipate heat. That’s what our bodies do when we sweat. When water goes from a liquid to a gas it’s called a phase change, and it uses up energy and makes everything around it slightly cooler. Of course, few servers run hot enough to boil water — but they can boil other liquids. “Two phase is the most efficient cooling technology,” says Xianming (Simon) Dai, a professor at University of Texas at Dallas. And it might be here sooner than you think. In a keynote address in March at Nvidia GTC, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang unveiled the Rubin Ultra NVL576, due in the second half of 2027 — with 600 kilowatts per rack. “With the 600 kilowatt racks that Nvidia is announcing, the industry will have to shift very soon from single-phase approaches to two-phase,” says ZutaCore’s Troung. Another highly-efficient cooling approach is immersion cooling. According to a Castrol survey released in March, 90% of 600 data center industry leaders say that they are considering switching to immersion

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Cisco taps OpenAI’s Codex for AI-driven network coding

“If you want to ask Codex a question about your codebase, click “Ask”. Each task is processed independently in a separate, isolated environment preloaded with your codebase. Codex can read and edit files, as well as run commands including test harnesses, linters, and type checkers. Task completion typically takes between 1 and 30 minutes, depending on complexity, and you can monitor Codex’s progress in real time,” according to OpenAI. “Once Codex completes a task, it commits its changes in its environment. Codex provides verifiable evidence of its actions through citations of terminal logs and test outputs, allowing you to trace each step taken during task completion,” OpenAI wrote. “You can then review the results, request further revisions, open a GitHub pull request, or directly integrate the changes into your local environment. In the product, you can configure the Codex environment to match your real development environment as closely as possible.” OpenAI is releasing Codex as a research preview: “We prioritized security and transparency when designing Codex so users can verify its outputs – a safeguard that grows increasingly more important as AI models handle more complex coding tasks independently and safety considerations evolve. Users can check Codex’s work through citations, terminal logs and test results,” OpenAI wrote.  Internally, technical teams at OpenAI have started using Codex. “It is most often used by OpenAI engineers to offload repetitive, well-scoped tasks, like refactoring, renaming, and writing tests, that would otherwise break focus. It’s equally useful for scaffolding new features, wiring components, fixing bugs, and drafting documentation,” OpenAI stated. Cisco’s view of agentic AI Patel stated that Codex is part of the developing AI agent world, where Cisco envisions billions of AI agents will work together to transform and redefine the architectural assumptions the industry has relied on. Agents will communicate within and

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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