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LandBridge Posts Higher Revenue

LandBridge Company LLC has reported $44 million in revenue for the first quarter of 2025, up from $36.5 million for the fourth quarter of 2024 and $19 million for the corresponding quarter a year prior. The company attributed the sequential increase to increases in surface use royalties of $6.8 million, resource sales of $4.2 million, […]

LandBridge Company LLC has reported $44 million in revenue for the first quarter of 2025, up from $36.5 million for the fourth quarter of 2024 and $19 million for the corresponding quarter a year prior.

The company attributed the sequential increase to increases in surface use royalties of $6.8 million, resource sales of $4.2 million, and resource royalties of $3.5 million.

LandBridge said its net income for the quarter landed at $15.5 million, up from $8.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2024 and $10.8 million for the corresponding quarter of 2024.

“Our strong start to the year is evidence of our continued ability to capitalize on diverse revenue streams, including the growing need for surface acreage to support produced water handling needs across the Delaware Basin. Recent land acquisitions and new projects with key partners and blue chip operators give us continued confidence in our active land management strategy and growth trajectory”, Jason Long, Chief Executive Officer of LandBridge, said.

In the first quarter of 2025, adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) reached $38.8 million, up from $31.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2024 and $16.9 million for the first quarter of 2024. The net income margin stood at 35 percent for the first quarter of 2025, compared to 22 percent for the fourth quarter of 2024 and 57 percent for the first quarter of 2024. Its adjusted EBITDA margin was 88 percent for the first quarter of 2025, slightly lower than 87 percent for the fourth quarter of 2024 and 89 percent for the first quarter of 2024.

“With diversified revenue streams and limited operating and capital expenditures, LandBridge is well-positioned to continue delivering strong revenue growth and profitability across economic cycles and periodic market volatility”, Scott McNeely, Chief Financial Officer, said.

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LandBridge Posts Higher Revenue

LandBridge Company LLC has reported $44 million in revenue for the first quarter of 2025, up from $36.5 million for the fourth quarter of 2024 and $19 million for the corresponding quarter a year prior. The company attributed the sequential increase to increases in surface use royalties of $6.8 million,

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Nutanix partnerships target storage, AI workloads as it aims to take on VMware

“Driven by customer requests, these partnerships highlight Nutanix management’s push toward unbundling AHV to capitalize on the ongoing VMware displacement opportunity. Running standalone AHV on existing three-tier infrastructure provides dissatisfied VMware customers with an easier migration route off VMware as it removes the need for hardware refreshes,” Ader wrote. “While

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Beyond firewalls: SonicWall pivots to embrace cloud, services, AI

These acquisitions included Solutions Granted in November 2023, which expanded the company’s managed security services portfolio. SonicWall acquired Banyan Security in January 2024, bringing with it cloud-native ZTNA capabilities. “Every firewall going out the door now has cloud native capability,” VanKirk noted. Managed Protection Service Suite brings co-managed services A

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Alliant Energy Profit Beats Expectations

Alliant Energy Corp. has posted $213 million in net income attributable to shareholders for the first quarter (Q1), up from $158 million for the same three-month period last year as power and gas utility revenue rose. The Madison, Wisconsin-based company’s earnings per share of $0.83 surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate, an average of projections by brokerage analysts, of 57 cents. Revenue totaled $1.13 billion, up from Q1 2024’s $1.03 billion. Electric utility sales contributed $853 million, while $240 million came from natural gas utility – both up year-on-year. “We are off to a solid start in 2025, delivering more than 25 percent of our earnings guidance midpoint, which is ahead of plan despite negative temperature impacts on sales”, president and chief executive Lisa Barton said in the company’s quarterly report. Operating expenses from generation fuel and purchased power rose to $175 million, as did power transmission service expenditure ($158 million). However, energy efficiency costs fell to $10 million. Depreciation and amortization climbed to $211 million from $189 million. Operating profit landed at $257 million, up from $222 million for Q1 2024. Profit before income taxes was $166 million, up from $148 million. The Utilities and Corporate Services segment generated $0.87 in earnings per share (EPS), up from $0.62 for Q1 2024. “The primary drivers of higher EPS were higher revenue requirements from capital investments, estimated temperature impacts on retail electric and gas sales, and timing of income tax expense”, the report stated. “These items were partially offset by higher depreciation and financing expenses”. American Transmission Co. Holdings, through which Alliant Energy operates the regional power grid in parts of Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin, logged a net profit per share of $0.04, the same as Q1 2024. The non-utility and parent result was a net loss per share of $0.08, compared

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Aramco Profit Drops with Weak Oil Signaling More Strain

Saudi Aramco reported a decline in profit in the first quarter as lower crude prices put pressure on the finances of the world’s biggest oil exporter. Net income slipped 4.6 percent to 97.5 billion riyals ($26 billion) in the quarter, according to a statement Sunday. Free cash flow again failed to cover the dividend despite the total payout being lower. Operating profit, which fell 5.3 percent, beat analyst estimates compiled by Bloomberg.      The numbers are another sign of the pressures on Aramco’s balance sheet. As part of a previously announced plan, the company earlier this year decided to cut its dividend for 2025 by about a third to $85 billion. While that helps ease some of the strain on Aramco, it lowers a key source of revenue for the Saudi government whose own finances are under increasing stress.  Oil’s decline since April is likely to inflict more pain both on Aramco and the Saudi government despite the higher oil production. Over the past five weeks, Riyadh led the OPEC+ coalition through two bigger-than-scheduled supply hikes, which together with US President Donald Trump ’s trade war, briefly crashed oil futures to a four-year low below $60 a barrel in London. The company’s total dividend for the quarter fell to $21.36 billion, compared with $31 billion in the same three months of last year. That’s primarily because Aramco decided to vastly reduce the performance-linked component of the payout after completing the distribution of the bumper profits from 2022. The lower payout will add to the strain on the Saudi budget as Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman spends hundreds of billions of dollars to modernize the economy. That plan, which includes an entirely new city in the desert called Neom and a push into sports, has led to a widening deficit, with debt

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Iberdrola Sells UK Smart Metering Unit to Macquarie

Iberdrola SA has inked a deal to divest SP Smart Meter Assets Ltd. (SPSMAL) to Macquarie Group Ltd. for about GBP 900 million ($1.2 billion). SPSMAL manages 2.5 million meters in the United Kingdom. It would be taken over by Macquarie Specialized and Asset Finance, part of the Australian financial services provider’s Commodities and Global Markets business. The parties expect to complete the transaction in the third quarter, subject to approval by the Competition and Markets Authority. The acquisition would increase meters managed by Macquarie in the UK to over 13 million. Established 2003, its UK metering business currently manages 7.9 million smart meters and 2.5 million traditional meters across Great Britain, making Macquarie one of the biggest independent MAPs (meter asset providers) in the UK, according to Macquarie. “It has also provided over GBP 1.5 billion of funding to assist with Britain’s smart meter rollout”, Macquarie said in an online statement. “Upon completion of the sale, Macquarie will enter a long-term meter rental agreement to provide Smart Meter Asset Provision (MAP) services to Scottish Power and support the business in the further roll-out of smart meters across Great Britain”, Macquarie said, referring to Iberdrola’s arm in the UK, Scottish Power Ltd. “The replacement of traditional gas and electricity meters with smart meters represents an upgrade to energy infrastructure in the UK by providing consumers with near real-time information which they can use to manage their energy use and cut their bills”, Macquarie added. “Smart meters also support the transition to a low-carbon energy system by unlocking new approaches to managing demand”. Iberdrola said separately, “The transaction is part of Iberdrola’s strategy of rotating non-strategic assets. In fact, in accordance with its Strategic Plan 2024/2026, Iberdrola already exceeds EUR 10,000 million in alliance and divestment operations. This transaction is the

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GB Energy CEO hails Ørsted’s ‘radical corporate’ transformation despite Hornsea 4 cancellation

GB Energy interim chief executive Dan McGrail has said troubled wind farm developer Ørsted has undertaken “one of the most radical corporate transformations” of recent years, but offered no assurances that GB Energy will invest in offshore wind. “I draw great inspiration from some of the examples in the market,” McGrail said during a fireside chat at the Innovation Zero conference in London last week. “You look at Ørsted. I know they’ve had perhaps a difficult couple of years, but 15 years ago it was an oil and gas company, and they did one of the most radical corporate transformations in a relatively short period of time. “It shows what is possible when you have clarity of strategy, that you have alignment of vision and that you build deep capability that helps you unlock markets around the world.” Fortunes turned around for the Danish wind developer this year after it was forced to make write-downs on its US business, ousted and replaced former CEO Mads Nipper at a critical juncture and cancelled Hornsea 4. The developer’s shock decision to discontinue the Hornsea 4 wind farm off the coast of East Yorkshire on Wednesday, the largest such project to secure a long-term incentive in the government’s latest allocation round, will test the mettle of the recently formed national energy champion. Acknowledging some of the wider challenges that Ørsted faces, McGrail gave a nod to the transformative potential of renewable energy. But the question remains whether, despite McGrail and chair Juergen Maier’s stated intentions, the UK’s new state energy company could invest in the ailing offshore wind farm. The organisation remains small with just a skeleton crew of staff and was granted an £8.3 billion budget by parliament, but that is under review. And while Maier and McGrail have indicated that GB

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Union doubt mass job cuts will change Westminster energy policy

Government will either listen and change – or will “prematurely bring an end to the North Sea”, a union official has said. When asked if recent announcements of oil and gas job cuts will prompt government support, union leader John Boland responded “honestly, no.” Last week saw the latest announcement of job cuts from the oil and gas sector as the UK’s largest operator unveiled plans to slash its Aberdeen headcount by a quarter. The decision to cut 250 of Harbour Energy’s 1,000-person workforce came down to the impacts of the country’s fiscal regime and government dithering with regards to the allocation of carbon capture storage (CCS) funds. However, headlines of operators moving overseas, downgrading investment in the UK, cutting domestic jobs and stalling projects is not something that started with Harbour Energy last week. A string of operators have shared the consensus that the current headline rate of tax, imposed at 75%, and uncertainty over continued oil and gas licencing has resulted in upset across the industry. Last year, Apache announced it would be vacating the UK by the end of the decade, merger deals to consolidate UK assets and derisk international portfolios have become commonplace and redundancies have continued to make headlines as a result. ‘Everything seems to be getting cut back’ as contractors suffer © Supplied by Kami Thomson/DC ThomUnite the Union regional officer John Boland in his offices on Aberdeen’s Kings Street. Kami Thomson/DC Thomson. Wavering certainty around future UK operations are also impacting the supply chain as tenders for maintenance work, which have historically been rife at this time of year, have also dried up, according to Unite the Union. The union’s regional officer told Energy Voice: “Say we looked pre-covid, there’d be employment for people offshore all over the place, there’d be lots of

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Green energy to benefit both people and planet

Benj Sykes, Country Manager at Ørsted UK discusses the company is leading the way from the UK in green energy infrastructure. At Ørsted, we have a vision of creating a world that runs entirely on green energy.We transformed from being one of Europe’s most fossil fuel-intensive utilities to being ranked one of the world’s most sustainable energy companies and a global leader in the transition to green energy. Now, the world is facing two urgent and deeply interconnected crises: climate change and biodiversity loss. As the world’s leading offshore wind developer, at Ørsted we believe that renewable energy is at the intersection of these challenges. In order to tackle both the climate and biodiversity crises, we need to build green energy infrastructure at a pace and scale never seen before – but we need to build it responsibly and sustainably, in a way that benefits both people and planet. Leading the way from the UK The UK has long established itself as a world leader in offshore wind. Other markets around the world look to the UK as an example of how things should be done – not just in terms of scale and cost, but how to build offshore wind in the right way. We have always had a strong focus on building projects sensitively and sustainably. We’ve had to innovate and work closely with other partners, NGOs, scientists, academics, and industries to find solutions to some very complex challenges. With the government’s ambition to accelerate the deployment of offshore wind to deliver clean power by 2030, the UK is, once more, going to have to take the lead on creating a regulatory framework that can deliver this whilst also improving the biodiversity in our seas and coastline. The Planning and Infrastructure Bill now under consideration in Parliament offers

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Tech CEOs warn Senate: Outdated US power grid threatens AI ambitions

The implications are clear: without dramatic improvements to the US energy infrastructure, the nation’s AI ambitions could be significantly constrained by simple physical limitations – the inability to power the massive computing clusters necessary for advanced AI development and deployment. Streamlining permitting processes The tech executives have offered specific recommendations to address these challenges, with several focusing on the need to dramatically accelerate permitting processes for both energy generation and the transmission infrastructure needed to deliver that power to AI facilities, the report added. Intrator specifically called for efforts “to streamline the permitting process to enable the addition of new sources of generation and the transmission infrastructure to deliver it,” noting that current regulatory frameworks were not designed with the urgent timelines of the AI race in mind. This acceleration would help technology companies build and power the massive data centers needed for AI training and inference, which require enormous amounts of electricity delivered reliably and consistently. Beyond the cloud: bringing AI to everyday devices While much of the testimony focused on large-scale infrastructure needs, AMD CEO Lisa Su emphasized that true AI leadership requires “rapidly building data centers at scale and powering them with reliable, affordable, and clean energy sources.” Su also highlighted the importance of democratizing access to AI technologies: “Moving faster also means moving AI beyond the cloud. To ensure every American benefits, AI must be built into the devices we use every day and made as accessible and dependable as electricity.”

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Networking errors pose threat to data center reliability

Still, IT and networking issues increased in 2024, according to Uptime Institute. The analysis attributed the rise in outages due to increased IT and network complexity, specifically, change management and misconfigurations. “Particularly with distributed services, cloud services, we find that cascading failures often occur when networking equipment is replicated across an entire network,” Lawrence explained. “Sometimes the failure of one forces traffic to move in one direction, overloading capacity at another data center.” The most common causes of major network-related outages were cited as: Configuration/change management failure: 50% Third-party network provider failure: 34% Hardware failure: 31% Firmware/software error: 26% Line breakages: 17% Malicious cyberattack: 17% Network overload/congestion failure: 13% Corrupted firewall/routing tables issues: 8% Weather-related incident: 7% Configuration/change management issues also attributed for 62% of the most common causes of major IT system-/software-related outages. Change-related disruptions consistently are responsible for software-related outages. Human error continues to be one of the “most persistent challenges in data center operations,” according to Uptime’s analysis. The report found that the biggest cause of these failures is data center staff failing to follow established procedures, which has increased by about 10 percentage points compared to 2023. “These are things that were 100% under our control. I mean, we can’t control when the UPS module fails because it was either poorly manufactured, it had a flaw, or something else. This is 100% under our control,” Brown said. The most common causes of major human error-related outages were reported as:

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Liquid cooling technologies: reducing data center environmental impact

“Highly optimized cold-plate or one-phase immersion cooling technologies can perform on par with two-phase immersion, making all three liquid-cooling technologies desirable options,” the researchers wrote. Factors to consider There are numerous factors to consider when adopting liquid cooling technologies, according to Microsoft’s researchers. First, they advise performing a full environmental, health, and safety analysis, and end-to-end life cycle impact analysis. “Analyzing the full data center ecosystem to include systems interactions across software, chip, server, rack, tank, and cooling fluids allows decision makers to understand where savings in environmental impacts can be made,” they wrote. It is also important to engage with fluid vendors and regulators early, to understand chemical composition, disposal methods, and compliance risks. And associated socioeconomic, community, and business impacts are equally critical to assess. More specific environmental considerations include ozone depletion and global warming potential; the researchers emphasized that operators should only use fluids with low to zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) values, and not hydrofluorocarbons or carbon dioxide. It is also critical to analyze a fluid’s viscosity (thickness or stickiness), flammability, and overall volatility. And operators should only use fluids with minimal bioaccumulation (the buildup of chemicals in lifeforms, typically in fish) and terrestrial and aquatic toxicity. Finally, once up and running, data center operators should monitor server lifespan and failure rates, tracking performance uptime and adjusting IT refresh rates accordingly.

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Cisco unveils prototype quantum networking chip

Clock synchronization allows for coordinated time-dependent communications between end points that might be cloud databases or in large global databases that could be sitting across the country or across the world, he said. “We saw recently when we were visiting Lawrence Berkeley Labs where they have all of these data sources such as radio telescopes, optical telescopes, satellites, the James Webb platform. All of these end points are taking snapshots of a piece of space, and they need to synchronize those snapshots to the picosecond level, because you want to detect things like meteorites, something that is moving faster than the rotational speed of planet Earth. So the only way you can detect that quickly is if you synchronize these snapshots at the picosecond level,” Pandey said. For security use cases, the chip can ensure that if an eavesdropper tries to intercept the quantum signals carrying the key, they will likely disturb the state of the qubits, and this disturbance can be detected by the legitimate communicating parties and the link will be dropped, protecting the sender’s data. This feature is typically implemented in a Quantum Key Distribution system. Location information can serve as a critical credential for systems to authenticate control access, Pandey said. The prototype quantum entanglement chip is just part of the research Cisco is doing to accelerate practical quantum computing and the development of future quantum data centers.  The quantum data center that Cisco envisions would have the capability to execute numerous quantum circuits, feature dynamic network interconnection, and utilize various entanglement generation protocols. The idea is to build a network connecting a large number of smaller processors in a controlled environment, the data center warehouse, and provide them as a service to a larger user base, according to Cisco.  The challenges for quantum data center network fabric

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Zyxel launches 100GbE switch for enterprise networks

Port specifications include: 48 SFP28 ports supporting dual-rate 10GbE/25GbE connectivity 8 QSFP28 ports supporting 100GbE connections Console port for direct management access Layer 3 routing capabilities include static routing with support for access control lists (ACLs) and VLAN segmentation. The switch implements IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging, port isolation, and port mirroring for traffic analysis. For link aggregation, the switch supports IEEE 802.3ad for increased throughput and redundancy between switches or servers. Target applications and use cases The CX4800-56F targets multiple deployment scenarios where high-capacity backbone connectivity and flexible port configurations are required. “This will be for service providers initially or large deployments where they need a high capacity backbone to deliver a primarily 10G access layer to the end point,” explains Nguyen. “Now with Wi-Fi 7, more 10G/25G capable POE switches are being powered up and need interconnectivity without the bottleneck. We see this for data centers, campus, MDU (Multi-Dwelling Unit) buildings or community deployments.” Management is handled through Zyxel’s NebulaFlex Pro technology, which supports both standalone configuration and cloud management via the Nebula Control Center (NCC). The switch includes a one-year professional pack license providing IGMP technology and network analytics features. The SFP28 ports maintain backward compatibility between 10G and 25G standards, enabling phased migration paths for organizations transitioning between these speeds.

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Engineers rush to master new skills for AI-driven data centers

According to the Uptime Institute survey, 57% of data centers are increasing salary spending. Data center job roles that saw the highest increases were in operations management – 49% of data center operators said they saw highest increases in this category – followed by junior and mid-level operations staff at 45%, and senior management and strategy at 35%. Other job categories that saw salary growth were electrical, at 32% and mechanical, at 23%. Organizations are also paying premiums on top of salaries for particular skills and certifications. Foote Partners tracks pay premiums for more than 1,300 certified and non-certified skills for IT jobs in general. The company doesn’t segment the data based on whether the jobs themselves are data center jobs, but it does track 60 skills and certifications related to data center management, including skills such as storage area networking, LAN, and AIOps, and 24 data center-related certificates from Cisco, Juniper, VMware and other organizations. “Five of the eight data center-related skills recording market value gains in cash pay premiums in the last twelve months are all AI-related skills,” says David Foote, chief analyst at Foote Partners. “In fact, they are all among the highest-paying skills for all 723 non-certified skills we report.” These skills bring in 16% to 22% of base salary, he says. AIOps, for example, saw an 11% increase in market value over the past year, now bringing in a premium of 20% over base salary, according to Foote data. MLOps now brings in a 22% premium. “Again, these AI skills have many uses of which the data center is only one,” Foote adds. The percentage increase in the specific subset of these skills in data centers jobs may vary. The Uptime Institute survey suggests that the higher pay is motivating workers to stay in the

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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