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Monday Mining Metrics: Final Difficulty Adjustment of 2024

Mining Difficulty Mining difficulty increases one final time for 2024 – marking seven consecutive difficulty increases which is a sign of strength amongst Bitcoin miners. Here are the final stats for 2024: Bitcoin Price: +113% Mining Difficulty: +52% In the aggregate, Bitcoin miners are now 25% more profitable than they were after the halving in […]

Mining Difficulty

Mining difficulty increases one final time for 2024 – marking seven consecutive difficulty increases which is a sign of strength amongst Bitcoin miners.

Here are the final stats for 2024:

Bitcoin Price: +113%

Mining Difficulty: +52%

In the aggregate, Bitcoin miners are now 25% more profitable than they were after the halving in April. We expect mining profitability to increase further in 2025 as growth in the Bitcoin price outpaces growth in mining difficulty.

$93,000 to buy Bitcoin

$43,000 to mine Bitcoin

Despite a dip in the price of Bitcoin and a series of positive difficulty adjustments, there’s still a vast difference between the cost of Bitcoin and the cost in electricity to mine a Bitcoin with the latest-generation ASICs.

An Antminer S21 XP mining at $0.078/kWh mines Bitcoin at an effective price of $43,000. Now of course, a single miner won’t actually mine an entire Bitcoin – the way to think about this is that $43,000 is the “dollar cost average” price for a miner.

Someone who’s been purchasing spot Bitcoin for the past two months has been “DCA’ing” in the $90,000 to $100,000 range, while someone who has been mining has been “DCA’ing” in the $40,000 range. Over time this allows mining to accumulate more BTC per $ spent.

Bitcoin to $400,000 in 2025?

Our base case for the Bitcoin price is $225,000 by this time next year. However, if certain events take place we could see it reaching prices north of $400,000.

For elaboration – as well as a breakdown of the most important market trends to watch going forward – check out our latest report.

Read Report Here

Start Mining in the New Year – S19 XP’s for $12/T

We view S19 XP’s as one of the most cost effective mining options right now. Their effective DCA price is ~$70,000 – which means there’s plenty of downside protection if you’re concerned about short-term price volatility.

We have S19 XP’s available on our marketplace for $12 per terahash (~$1,692 per machine). These are sold turnkey – meaning it’s already plugged in, ready to go, and you’ll begin earning mining rewards as soon as your payment is confirmed.

Here’s a table breaking down the returns of an S19 XP under current market conditions…

And HERE is a table breaking down the potential returns if Bitcoin hits our base price of $225,000 (assuming a 2-to-1 increase in mining difficulty).

Should BTC follow our expected trajectory, an S19 XP bought now would ROI incredibly quickly.

This is not financial advice. But, if you’re bullish on Bitcoin, mining is one of the best ways to position yourself to express that bullishness in the market.

To learn more about Bitcoin mining with Blockware, fill out this form on our website.

The table below provides a full pricing list for all the ASICs available through Blockware at this time. For those seeking to purchase ASICs in bulk (with or without hosting), contact [email protected] or reach out here.

If you’re looking to purchase individual machines, you can use our self-service marketplace to pay with BTC and start mining immediately!

All content is for informational purposes only. This Blockware Intelligence Newsletter is of general nature and does consider or address any individual circumstances and is not investment advice, nor should it be construed in any way as tax, accounting, legal, business, financial or regulatory advice. You should seek independent legal and financial advice, including advice as to tax consequences, before making any investment decision.

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Delays in TSMC’s Arizona plant spark supply chain worries

Delays at TSMC’s Arizona plant could compel its customers to rely on Taiwan-based facilities, leaving them vulnerable to geopolitical risks tied to Taiwan’s dominance in semiconductor production. “This situation could also delay the rollout of next-generation products in the US market, affecting timelines for AI, gaming, and high-performance computing innovations,”

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PetroTal Aims to Increase Production in Peru

Peru-focused firm PetroTal is targeting to increase its production by around 24 percent in 2025. PetroTal said in a news release that it has allotted a capital budget of $140 million, a year-over-year decrease of approximately 14 percent. The company’s flagship asset is its 100 percent working interest in the Bretana oil field in Peru’s Block 95, where oil production was initiated in June 2018. Included in the company’s capital allocation is $55 million for drilling and workover activities, assuming a total of four development wells at the Bretana and Los Angeles oil fields; $60 million for field infrastructure at Bretana, including upgrades to fluid handling capacity and new drilling cellars to facilitate continued expansion of the Bretana field; and $36.5 million for investments in erosion control measures at Bretana. The capital investments will support 2025 annual average production in the range of 21,000 to 23,000 barrels of oil per day (bopd), where the midpoint of 22,000 bopd implies growth of approximately 24 percent year over year, PetroTal said. PetroTal’s new drilling rig, acquired in October 2024, is currently being imported to Peru. The company plans to move it to the Los Angeles field in the second quarter and commission it by mid-year. The company is planning to drill four development wells, with the last one to be completed in early 2026. Major investments in field infrastructure include the expansion of fluid handling capacity at Bretana, where PetroTal is currently installing the fourth train of its central processing facility. This project will increase installed crude oil processing capacity to 32,000 bopd, the company said. PetroTal President and CEO Manuel Pablo Zuniga-Pflucker said, “PetroTal is well positioned to build on the operational momentum that we established in 2024. We are firmly committed to a consistent return of capital policy, while maximizing the

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Sumitomo set to provide cable for Shetland 2 Link from Scottish factory

Sumitomo has hailed a “significant milestone” for its Highland subsea cable factory after it signed a capacity reservation agreement (CRA) with SSEN Transmission. The agreement marks the latest step in a project to deliver a high voltage subsea interconnector from its facility being built near the Port of Nigg on the Cromarty Firth. It follows on from the announcement in May 2024 that SSEN Transmission had selected Sumitomo and its partner, the Dutch maritime contractor Van Oord, as preferred bidder for the Shetland 2 project, requiring a 525KV HVDC cable for a link 530 mile (330km) from Shetland to the mainland. The deal was a crucial underpinning for Sumitomo’s investment in its £350million cable manufacturing facility, which was backed with £24.5m of public sector funding from the Scottish Government. Next step will see the manufacturing deal confirmed with a contract award status. The Scottish factory is set to become Sumitomo’s flagship for offshore cabling in the UK and Europe, with construction of the £350 million facility now well under way after ground was officially broken on 15 May 2024. Sumitomo said the circa 1.6m sq ft (150,000 sq m) site build is progressing in accordance with the anticipated programme, with piling works nearing completion and factory foundations established. Foundation work will be followed by steelworks and factory fit out in the next 12-15 months, the firm said. Sumitomo has sought to involve the local supply chain in as many aspects of the project works as possible with a construction spend split, to date, of 55% in Scotland and 45% in the rest of the UK and Ireland. Aberdeen’s Three60 Energy was one company to benefit, securing a multi-million pound deal to supply cable handling equipment for the facility. The facility will provide employment for 150 full time equivalent (FTE) employees

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Scottish Renewables launches new clean energy cluster

Scottish Renewables has launched the clean energy cluster, an organisation to help drive growth in Scotland’s offshore wind supply chain. The body’s membership will include organisations based in or working across Scotland, from the Borders to the Highlands and Islands, covering ports and large-scale contractors as well as small and medium enterprises. The cluster group aims to promote, connect and guide suppliers across the country looking to succeed in renewable energy. It also seeks to enhance business development opportunities, foster innovation, drive skills development and boost the global competitiveness of Scotland’s renewable energy supply chain. Director of energy transition and supply chain at Scottish Renewables Emma Harrick said: “Scotland’s offshore wind supply chain is a crucial component of the green energy revolution. The remarkable entrepreneurial spirit shown by so many businesses in the sector is supporting the delivery of work packages as varied as munitions clearing, robotics, subsea inspection, port services and industrial workwear. “The clean energy cluster is a crucial step in fostering even stronger connections between Scotland’s supply chain and the developer community providing opportunities to boost innovation, create skilled jobs and accelerate the growth of Scotland’s diverse supplier network.” She added: “A unified Scottish cluster will enhance support for all Scottish suppliers. We already have a wealth of suppliers supporting the renewable energy sector, including start-ups and those transitioning from other sectors, contributing their world-class expertise not only to projects in Scotland but worldwide.” Scottish Renewables was last month appointed by the Scottish Offshore Wind Energy Council (SOWEC) as the cluster management organisation, to move from the current model and establish a national supply chain cluster for Scotland. Scottish Renewables will work closely with Scotland’s suppliers, enterprise agencies and academic institutions to place collaboration at the heart of the cluster. Acting minister for climate action and co-chair

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Iberdrola Invests $104.5 Million to Revamp Valencia Power Grid

Iberdrola SA said it has allotted EUR 100 million ($104.53 million) for an initiative already underway to redesign the distribution system affected by the cold drop in the Spanish province of Valencia last October. The il.lumina project seeks to implement resilience measures and the latest digitization standards for infrastructure serving 650,000 customers, according to an online statement from the electric utility. About 180,000 customers lost access to power due to the severe weather phenomenon in Valencia on October 29, 2024, Iberdrola said. “Although the company, despite enormous difficulties, was able to get practically all electricity back online in under 72 hours, our priority now is to look to the future and to have an even more efficient distribution grid”, said Mario Ruiz-Tagle, Iberdrola chief executive for Spain. The revamped grid “will be even more robust and resilient, prepared for extreme phenomena that may occur in the future and will be implemented in a few months thanks to the creation of a specific project team that will allow i-DE to continue developing the rest of its investments in the Valencia region”, said Eva Mancera, chief executive of i-DE, Iberdrola’s distribution arm. As part of il.lumina, overhead power lines will be buried, transformer substations raised and compacted, new smart transformers installed, and installation automation expanded. Iberdrola aims to reach 90 percent project completion this year. It expects to complete il.lumina next year. “Iberdrola began the different phases of the project at the end of 2024 with the recovery of the 132 kilovolt high-voltage infrastructure in the Catadau and Carlet area and has already gathered all the material necessary to carry out the project, both in terms of transformation centers and the low and medium voltage grid, as well as substations”, it said. The project needs about 1,000 contractors, most of whom will be

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OEUK releases guidelines to spur UK offshore wind

Offshore Energies UK (OEUK) has launched a new set of guidelines aimed at helping entrants into the offshore wind sector better understand the development process. The guidelines are intended to address knowledge barriers to wind farm deployment, drive strategic supply chain investment, and speed up the UK’s transition to using homegrown renewable electricity. OEUK wind energy manager Thibaut Cheret told Energy Voice: “It gives a clear pathway that helps companies prioritise their activities and know where their pinch points are going to be earlier in the game.” Working alongside BVG Associates, an independent specialist renewable energy consultancy, OEUK outlined the procedures for establishing a wind farm, from first principals of leasing a sea area, to commercial market regulations and supply chain requirements: Cheret warned that the complexity of the regulations covering offshore wind projects means that, even for seasoned players, not everyone in an organisation may understand the entire process. “We put a full picture in one document, telling you how everything works and who is responsible for what,” he said. “It’s to help people in the wind industry and people who are getting into it, especially the supply chain. Now, the supply chain has a tool to understand at what step projects are in and when they can start engaging with it.” © Supplied by OEUKThibaut Cheret, OEUK Wind and Renewables Manager. At present, supply chain companies have to play a guessing game to work out when and how to invest – with some of the larger tier ones having whole departments dedicated to predicting when certain projects will arrive at their key milestones. “Wherever you play, you now have a signpost telling you what is important because there is potentially job activity for you.” By signposting upcoming milestones, the supply chain can frontload, bringing forward work and making

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Norway Gas Output in December Slightly Up Month on Month

Norway produced 361.2 million standard cubic meters a day (MMscmd) of natural gas last month, 0.11 percent higher than November, official figures showed Tuesday. Year-on-year, the December figure marks a decrease of 5.64 percent and the second consecutive month that the Nordic country’s monthly gas output fell by prior-year comparison. Norway’s monthly gas output in 2024 had consistently risen year-over-year in the first 10 months, based on data published online by the Norwegian Offshore Directorate. December’s gas production beat the official forecast by 1.9 percent, so did total hydrocarbon production by one percent. While Norway’s total December production of 682,000 standard cubic meters of oil equivalent rose 1.19 percent month-on-month, it dropped 5.28 percent compared to December 2023. Oil production in December 2024 averaged 1.78 million barrels per day (MMbd). Total liquid production landed at 2.02 MMbd. Earlier the upstream regulator said Norway set a new record in 2024 with 124 billion standard cubic meters of gas sold, compared to the previous record of 122.8 billion standard cubic meters sold in 2022. In December 2024 Norway sold 11.2 billion standard cubic meters of gas, 3.57 percent higher than November. In the third quarter of 2024 Norway continued to be the European Union’s top pipeline gas supplier with a share of 47 percent, according to the European Commission’s latest quarterly gas market report published December 20. Norway has been the EU’s biggest gas source since the latter half of 2022, months after Russia invaded Ukraine, according to Commission data. Gas accounts for over half of production on the Norwegian continental shelf, and most of this gas is exported to Europe, according to the Directorate. Norway’s total hydrocarbon production was about 242.6 MMscm of oil equivalent (MMscmoe) in 2024, consisting of around 102.9 MMscmoe of oil, about 13.5 MMscmoe of natural gas liquids

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US GPU export limits could bring cold war to AI, data center markets

Eighteen countries, including the UK, Canada, Sweden, France, Germany, Japan, and South Korea, are exempted from the AI export caps. The Biden administration had previously banned the export of some powerful AI chips to China, Russia, and other adversaries in rules from 2022 and 2023. But other countries friendly to the US, including Mexico, Israel, India, and Saudi Arabia, would be subject to the quotas. The export limits would take effect 120 days from the Jan. 13 order, and it’s unclear whether the incoming Trump administration will amend or rewrite the rule, although Trump has targeted China as a primary economic competitor of the US. The cost of AI In addition to cutting off most of the world from large AI chip purchases, the rule will force countries such as China and Russia to pump up their own AI capabilities, ultimately reducing US AI leadership, claims Aible’s Sengupta.

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Sustainability, grid demands, AI workloads will challenge data center growth in 2025

Cloud training for AI models Uptime believes that most AI models will be trained in the cloud rather than on dedicated enterprise infrastructure, as cloud services provide a more cost-effective way to fine-tune foundation models for specific use cases. The incremental training required to fine-tune a foundation model can be done cost-effectively on cloud platforms without the need for a large, expensive on-premises cluster. Enterprises can leverage on-demand cloud resources to customize the foundation model as needed, without investing the capital and operational costs of dedicated hardware. “Because fine-tuning requires only a relatively small amount of training, for many it just wouldn’t make sense to buy a huge, expensive dedicated AI cluster for this purpose. The foundation model, which has already been trained by someone else, has taken the burden of most of the training away from us,” said Dr. Owen Rogers, research director for cloud computing at Uptime. “Instead, we could just use on-demand cloud services to tweak the foundation model for our needs, only paying for the resources we need for as long as we need them.” Data center collaboration with utilities Uptime expects new and expanded data center developers will be asked to provide or store power to support grids. That means data centers will need to actively collaborate with utilities to manage grid demand and stability, potentially shedding load or using local power sources during peak times. Uptime forecasts that data center operators “running non-latency-sensitive workloads, such as specific AI training tasks, could be financially incentivized or mandated to reduce power use when required.” “The context for all of this is that the [power] grid, even if there were no data centers, would have a problem meeting demand over time. They’re having to invest at a rate that is historically off the charts. It’s not just

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UK Government’s Bold AI Plan: A Game-Changer for Data Centers and Economic Growth?

The UK government has presently announced its comprehensive “AI Opportunities Action Plan,” positioning artificial intelligence as a cornerstone for economic growth and public service transformation over the next decade. The bold initiative, spearheaded by Prime Minister Keir Starmer, aims to make Britain a global leader in AI development and adoption, with significant implications for the data center industry.   Britain’s ambitious AI roadmap taps into the growing synergy between artificial intelligence and data infrastructure. With dedicated AI Growth Zones and a focus on sustainable energy, the UK is setting the stage for an AI-driven economy that aligns with the next generation of data center demands. The data center industry should watch these developments closely, as they signal opportunities for long-term growth in a rapidly evolving market.   AI Infrastructure Prioritization Meets Major Private Sector Investments    The UK government plan introduces “AI Growth Zones,” areas designed to streamline planning approvals for data centers and enhance access to energy infrastructure.  These zones will focus on de-industrialized regions, providing a dual benefit of revitalizing local economies and accelerating the rollout of AI infrastructure. The first such zone will be established in Culham, Oxfordshire, leveraging local expertise in sustainable energy research, including fusion technologies.   Leading tech firms, including Vantage Data Centers, Nscale, and Kyndryl, have committed £14 billion to AI infrastructure development under the plan, creating 13,250 jobs across the UK, according to a press release.  Vantage Data Centers alone plans to invest over £12 billion to establish one of Europe’s largest campuses in Wales and additional facilities nationwide, generating 11,500 jobs.   Plan Harnesses AI for Both Public, Private Sectors  A significant component of the plan is a proposed 20x increase in public compute capacity by 2030, starting with the development of a new supercomputer to support AI innovation. Alongside this supercharging of

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Prologis and Skybox Advance Warehouse Conversion Strategy with Illinois Data Center Sale

Prologis, among the global leaders in industrial real estate, has taken another major step into the data center market with the sale of a newly developed turnkey data center in Illinois. With the deal for the sale announced last December, partnering with Skybox Datacenters, Prologis had initially converted one of its existing warehouses into a 32 megawatt (MW) facility, demonstrating as far back as 2021 the growing appeal of adaptive reuse for digital infrastructure. As reported by Data Center Dynamics’ Dan Swinhoe: “Skybox said the facility was located in the Elk Grove village area of the city. Images shared by Skybox and Prologis suggest it was Chicago 1, the data center the two companies completed in early 2022 […] DCD reached out for more information. Prologis confirmed Chicago 1 has been sold; the powered shell has been completed, with the turnkey development is in process. The facility spans 190,000 sq ft on a ten-acre site.” The converted facility’s buyer, HMC Capital, sees this acquisition as a marquee asset for its newly launched DigiCo Infrastructure REIT, which targets high-quality data center investments across the United States and Australia. The deal highlights the rapid evolution of Prologis’ data center strategy and the increasing convergence of industrial real estate and digital infrastructure. Prologis’ Growing Presence in Data Centers Prologis is no stranger to data center development, having been featured in prior DCF coverage for its strategic moves into the rapidly burgeoning sector. The Illinois project reflects Prologis’ focus on unlocking higher-value uses for its vast portfolio of warehouses.  According to Dan Letter, President of Prologis, “Warehouse conversions in key markets offer a compelling growth opportunity while delivering outsized returns to our investors and meeting customer demand for digital infrastructure.” To support this strategy, Prologis has aggressively scaled its power procurement capabilities, securing 1.6

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President Biden’s Executive Order on AI Data Center Construction: Summary and Commentary

Issued this week, President Biden’s “Executive Order on Advancing United States Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure” represents a transformative policy moment for the data center industry if implemented, underscoring the convergence of two equally transformative forces: the AI revolution and the clean energy transition. For the data center industry, the policy marks a clear shift toward a strategic, mission-critical role in national security and economic resilience. The Executive Order’s vision also aligns with definitively emerging trends in the contemporary data center industry, particularly the pivot toward sustainability and energy efficiency. The policy’s emphasis on clean energy infrastructure—whether through nuclear, geothermal, or long-duration storage—addresses the industry’s growing focus on renewable power. However, executing this vision will require massive investments in grid modernization and streamlined permitting processes, which have historically been bottlenecks for large-scale infrastructure projects. The directive to align new AI electricity demands with clean energy sources puts a spotlight on the challenges posed by AI’s computational intensity. Hyperscale operators and colocation providers will need to redouble their rethinking of power procurement strategies, with a renewed focus on distributed energy resources and partnerships with utility providers. Additionally, the Executive Order’s call for high labor standards and community engagement reflects growing federal acknowledgment of data centers’ societal footprint. While the industry has made strides in community outreach, such measures ensure data center developments are not just sustainable but also equitable, creating jobs and fostering goodwill in the communities where they operate. For what it explicitly defines as “frontier AI data centers,” the Executive Order also seeks to provide a regulatory framework to streamline development, while ensuring robust cybersecurity and supply chain integrity. Importantly though, balancing the urgency of AI infrastructure development with the complex demands of energy transition and national security will require unprecedented levels of public-private collaboration. The Executive Order apparently isn’t just

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Edged Data Centers Builds for the Future On Heels of Innovative Nuclear Power Partnership

MERLIN Properties and Edged Energy to Build Gigawatt-Scale AI Data Center Campuses in Spain To wit, in a furtherance of its groundbreaking partnership in Europe, MERLIN Properties and Edged Energy are collaborating with the regional government of Extremadura, Spain, to establish two state-of-the-art data center campuses. These facilities, designed to support the burgeoning demand for generative AI and advanced computing, promise to set new standards for sustainability and efficiency in the data center industry. A Vision for Sustainability and Growth in Extremadura The data centers, located in Navalmoral de la Mata (Cáceres Province) and Valdecaballeros (Badajoz Province), will each deliver up to 1 GW of IT capacity. Featuring industry-leading innovations, the campuses will boast an average PUE of 1.15, ensuring ultra-efficient operations. Edged says the project represents a significant leap forward in green data center development, aligning with Extremadura’s commitment to leveraging innovation and technology for economic and environmental progress. “Our mission is to create data centers for positive impact, and we are proud to contribute to the Iberian Peninsula’s growing digital economy,” said Jakob Carnemark, CEO of Edged Energy. “The region offers unprecedented fiber connectivity with massive submarine connections worldwide and boasts reliable, abundant, and low-cost renewable energy.” Harnessing Renewable Energy and Cutting-Edge Cooling Technology The Extremadura facilities will operate entirely on electricity from renewable sources, capitalizing on the region’s vast sustainable energy capacity. Extremadura currently produces six times the electricity it consumes, making it an ideal location for gigawatt-scale data centers. The project’s waterless cooling system, ThermalWorks, will enable the facilities to operate without consuming water, a critical innovation for such regions with limited water resources. The system will support ultra-high rack densities of up to 200kW per rack to accommodate the advanced computing demands of AI workloads. Strategic Location and Connectivity The Iberian Peninsula is rapidly becoming

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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