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North Sea catering pioneer Entier sells out to Aramark

North Sea catering firm Entier has been acquired by US food services giant Aramark (NYSE: ARMK) for an undisclosed sum. Westhill-based Entier was founded by chef Peter Bruce in 2008 and was later backed by equity investor BGF. The group employs nearly 700 people across offices in the UK, as well as Australia, New Zealand, […]

North Sea catering firm Entier has been acquired by US food services giant Aramark (NYSE: ARMK) for an undisclosed sum.

Westhill-based Entier was founded by chef Peter Bruce in 2008 and was later backed by equity investor BGF.

The group employs nearly 700 people across offices in the UK, as well as Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Saudi Arabia.

The firm reached a turnover of £61.7 million in 2023, according to accounts filed at Companies House. This represented a 25% increase on the prior year. Pre-tax profit reached £2m.

Bruce, who remains a significant shareholder, founded the firm specialising on offshore catering following an 11-year career with Compass.

The business branched out into luxury catering with the acquisition of Perthshire Wild Thyme in 2016, which came with exclusive rights to catering events at Glamis Castle in Angus, Carlowie Castle near Edinburgh and the Glenturret Distillery in Crieff as well as a track record of serving nibbles to sporting events including the Ryder Cup and the Alfred Dunhill Links Championship.

In 2017 Entier secured a £6.5m investment from Business Growth Fund (BGF) to expand its overseas operations.

Philadelphia-headquartered Aramark launched its offshore division in 1978. It made a big splash in the UK North Sea in 2013 when it w0n a five-year deal worth $41m to cater offshore facilities for French firm Total, now called TotalEnergies (PAR: TTE).

Entier has been contacted for comment.

More to follow.

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6 trends that will shape the future of the cloud: Gartner

For this reason, Gartner recommends identifying specific use cases and planning the applications and data distributed across the organization that could benefit from a cross-cloud deployment model. This allows workloads to operate collaboratively across different cloud platforms, as well as different on-premises and co-location facilities. 4. Industry solutions According to

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New England Patriots kick off network upgrade

The longer-term roadmap with NWN includes a refresh of the stadium’s 1,800 Extreme Networks Wi-Fi 6 access points to either Wi-Fi 6E or 7, a refresh of the network’s 80 Cisco physical and virtual firewalls, followed by a network consolidation project. On top of all that, the Kraft Group is

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CompTIA cert targets operational cybersecurity skills

The SecOT+ certification will provide OT professionals with the skills to manage, mitigate, and remediate security risks in manufacturing and critical infrastructure environments, according to CompTIA. The certification program will provide OT positions, such as floor technicians and industrial engineers, as well as cybersecurity engineers and network architects on the

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Nigeria Remains Top Recipient of Shell Payments to Governments

Shell PLC remitted a total of $28.1 billion to governments in 24 countries where the British energy giant has upstream operations, with Nigeria maintaining its status as top recipient at $5.34 billion. Shell counts as payments to government those arising from exploration, prospection, discovery, development and extraction of oil, natural gas and minerals or other materials. The company excludes payments related to refining, gas liquefaction or gas-to-liquids activities, as well as payments made by entities where Shell has joint control. Shell also said that in line with a United Kingdom law requiring UK companies to report payments to governments, Shell only reports payments equal to or above the GBP 86,000 ($114,500) or equivalent materiality threshold. The bulk of the total figure for the countries that fall within the threshold was production entitlements, totaling $11.39 billion. Taxes accounted for $10.46 billion. Royalties were $4.32 billion. Fees comprised $1.91 billion. Bonuses and infrastructure improvements recorded $12.98 million and $1.13 million respectively. However, Shell said in a separate statement, “In 2024, Shell paid $18.2 billion in taxes to governments. We paid $12.5 billion in corporate income taxes ($0.5 billion of which were withholding taxes) and $5.7 billion in government royalties”. Nigeria received $3.8 billion in production entitlements, $648.73 million in taxes and $780.23 million in royalties. On March 13, 2025, Shell said it had completed the sale of its Niger Delta subsidiary to a Nigerian consortium for $1.3 billion. Renaissance Africa Energy Holdings has taken over Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd. (SPDC) and consequently acquired a 30 percent operating stake in the SPDC Joint Venture (JV). The SPDC JV holds 15 onshore oil mining leases (OMLs) and three shallow-water OMLs that have been plagued by oil spills, most of which Shell blamed on oil theft and sabotage. “The divestment of SPDC

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UK’s largest natural gas storage facility to shut down without government help

The UK’s largest natural gas storage facility will be “decommissioned” without Government support, its operator Centrica has said. British Gas owner Centrica said earlier this month that it remains in talks with ministers about government cooperation to expand and revamp its Rough facility off the coast of Yorkshire. The facility in the North Sea is the largest of its kind in the UK, but Centrica stopped filling it with natural gas last month amid concerns over its financial viability. The company usually starts injecting fuel into the Rough site by spring, but it had not done so by mid-April, according to reports. Asked by the BBC’s Sunday With Laura Kuenssberg programme why Centrica needed government backing, the company’s chief executive Chris O’Shea said: “We are a big business, but this asset will lose probably £100 million this year because the cost of running it is over £100 million. “If we were to simply spend £2 billion redeveloping this field and the summer-winter gas price stays the same, then we will lose that £2 billion and we’ll lose the cost of operating the facility. “It’s just not sustainable.” Mr O’Shea said the company was “not asking for any government money”. He added: “What we’re asking for is simply for the Government to help create the conditions which will unlock £2 billion of investment and it will create thousands of jobs in the construction phase, and it will safeguard the jobs of very highly skilled colleagues.” © Supplied by CentricaCentrica is exploring hydrogen storage options at Rough gas storage field. The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero said the future of Rough was a “commercial decision for Centrica”, but the Government remained “open to discussing proposals on gas storage sites”. While the UK does not rely heavily on gas storage compared

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Tamboran Prepares for Major Drilling in Beetaloo Basin

Australian upstream oil and gas company Tamboran Resources Corporation completed a 35-stage stimulation campaign in the Shenandoah South 2H sidetrack (SS-2H ST1) well across a 5,483-foot (1,671-metre) horizontal section. The SS-2H ST1 well was suspended for a longer duration of “soaking” following technical analysis of wells in the Beetaloo Basin and studies undertaken in the United States. The well was soaked for a total of 62 days before the reopening of the well in mid-May 2025. In May 2025, Tamboran unveiled a Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE) plan aimed at raising $55.4 million. Upon completion, the company expects to be fully funded to drill and complete the remaining three wells required to deliver first gas under the proposed 40 million cubic feet per day (MMcf/d) Shenandoah South (SS) pilot project. “The SS-2H ST1 well commenced flow testing in mid-May 2025, which is being tested for a full 90 days over a 5,483-foot (1,671-metre) horizontal section. We plan to update the market on the initial 30-day flow test (IP30) in mid-June 2025”, Joel Riddle, Tamboran Resources’ Chief Executive Officer, said. “Having successfully raised funding to progress drilling activity in the Beetaloo Basin, we are focused on delivering the largest single drilling campaign in the region to date”, Riddle added. “The program includes three wells drilled from the SS2 pad, commencing in mid-2025, and stimulation of up to 240 stages across four 10,000-foot horizontal wells. These wells are going to be critical for meeting the binding Gas Sales Agreement with the Northern Territory Government that will supply much-needed gas to Darwin to keep the lights on”. The three wells planned for the 2025 campaign will be drilled with a Helmerich & Payne Inc. rig over a 10,000-foot horizontal section, with up to 60 stages of stimulation for each, including the SS-3H well.

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Could a Sidara takeover help crisis-hit Aberdeen firm Wood become engineering giant again?

It’s fair to say Aberdeen firm Wood has faced more than a few crises in recent years. Seven years ago, Wood was valued at more than £5 billion and, as part of expansion plans, had just acquired one of its biggest rivals. But numerous issues, including financial reports, inappropriate management pressure and contract problems, have caused a serious downfall. With Wood failing to submit its latest accounts by April 30, shares are currently suspended at 18.2p each, valuing the firm at just £128 million. But, could the tide be about to turn? The engineering giant is the subject of a potential takeover from Dubai-based group Dar Al-Handasah, known as Sidara. What has made Aberdeen giant a takeover option? A lot has happened at the engineering giant in the past decade. In 2017, Wood purchased Amec Foster Wheeler in a deal worth £2.2bn. It was expected to provide new jobs for the north-east and accelerate its growth strategy by four years. However, that couldn’t have been further from the truth. Amec Foster Wheeler brought issues with it, including court cases for contracts and bribery claims. Wood found itself paying out more than £230m in settlements. © Supplied by –Wood offices in Aberdeen. There was more trouble ahead. Its setbacks had made it a takeover target for rivals and in 2023 Wood faced several bids from Apollo Global Management, which rose as high as 240p per share. But it wasn’t to be, and share prices fell by 34% on May 15 to 145p when Apollo pulled the plug. The chaos continued into 2024, starting it by revealing plans to cut 22 jobs in the north-east as speculation mounted it would be exiting Aberdeen. Wood confirmed it would be going nowhere, but neither were its issues. Sidara and Wood deal background Sidara was founded in 1956

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Malaysia Committed to 2025 Petrol Subsidy Cut But No Fixed Date

Malaysia is committed to reducing petrol subsidies in the second half of the year and is refining its plan as US tariffs darken the economic outlook. The government “will continue to assess inputs and feedback in refining details” of its fuel subsidy revamp as it actively engages with a wide range of stakeholders, a spokesperson at the Ministry of Finance said in response to questions from Bloomberg News. Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim in October said that the government would cut subsidies on the most popular gasoline in mid-2025, a move that’s expected to save the government 8 billion ringgit ($1.9 billion) a year. Policymakers are planning a two-tier price system for RON95 petrol. Anwar said then that only the wealthiest 15% would pay the market rate for it, while the rest will enjoy the current subsidized price. “The government remains committed to implementing the RON95 subsidy rationalization in the second half of 2025, and will be sharing further details in due course,” the spokesperson said. Anwar, who is at the midpoint of his five-year term, faces a juggling act. Lawmakers have urged the government to postpone the move and other adjustments to fiscal policy that they fear would damp business confidence and increase costs for consumers. But cutting the subsidies are key to meeting government pledges to narrow the country’s fiscal deficit. A reduction in diesel subsidies in June last year added to the government’s coffers — and was followed by the ruling coalition’s loss in a by-election. To assuage Malaysians’ concerns, Anwar — who is also finance minister — said in March that a government study showed the planned subsidy cut will not affect 80% to 90% of the population. A recent decline in global oil prices has made it easier for policymakers to push ahead with the politically sensitive move as disruptions in

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Trump Targets Billions in Energy Grants for New Round of Audits

President Donald Trump’s administration is deepening its review of more than $15 billion in grants and other support awarded by its predecessor for upgrading power grids and manufacturing energy technology. Energy Secretary Chris Wright is ordering the stepped-up scrutiny, with a plan for case-by-case reviews to ensure projects that won funding under former President Joe Biden are financially sound, aligned with US economic and security interests and consistent with the Trump administration’s policies, according to documents seen by Bloomberg News. The reviews will cover projects for modernizing the power grid, making batteries in the US and building other energy technology domestically. Financial support for those that don’t meet the new standards could be modified or terminated, according to a new policy statement. Trump has been a sharp critic of what he calls the “Green New Scam,” referring to hundreds of billions of dollars in government subsidies for low- and zero-emission technology. He’s also trained heavy fire on policies buttressing offshore wind and electrical vehicles, while cheering on the use of oil, gas and coal. And Trump allies have complained that Biden’s team rushed funding out the door in its final weeks. An initial review is focused on 179 projects that have won financial assistance from Energy Department offices focused on power grids and domestic manufacturing. But the plan also sets the stage for potentially more audits of tens of billions in additional support awarded to auto companies, power utilities, biofuel producers and other ventures. The effort, compelling companies to supply new documentation on demand — with the risk of cancellation for not swiftly complying within 30 days — could be a powerful tool to pull back support from projects that run counter to Trump’s policy priorities. Not only could the Energy Department withdraw funding for projects that fall short of

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Cisco taps OpenAI’s Codex for AI-driven network coding

“If you want to ask Codex a question about your codebase, click “Ask”. Each task is processed independently in a separate, isolated environment preloaded with your codebase. Codex can read and edit files, as well as run commands including test harnesses, linters, and type checkers. Task completion typically takes between 1 and 30 minutes, depending on complexity, and you can monitor Codex’s progress in real time,” according to OpenAI. “Once Codex completes a task, it commits its changes in its environment. Codex provides verifiable evidence of its actions through citations of terminal logs and test outputs, allowing you to trace each step taken during task completion,” OpenAI wrote. “You can then review the results, request further revisions, open a GitHub pull request, or directly integrate the changes into your local environment. In the product, you can configure the Codex environment to match your real development environment as closely as possible.” OpenAI is releasing Codex as a research preview: “We prioritized security and transparency when designing Codex so users can verify its outputs – a safeguard that grows increasingly more important as AI models handle more complex coding tasks independently and safety considerations evolve. Users can check Codex’s work through citations, terminal logs and test results,” OpenAI wrote.  Internally, technical teams at OpenAI have started using Codex. “It is most often used by OpenAI engineers to offload repetitive, well-scoped tasks, like refactoring, renaming, and writing tests, that would otherwise break focus. It’s equally useful for scaffolding new features, wiring components, fixing bugs, and drafting documentation,” OpenAI stated. Cisco’s view of agentic AI Patel stated that Codex is part of the developing AI agent world, where Cisco envisions billions of AI agents will work together to transform and redefine the architectural assumptions the industry has relied on. Agents will communicate within and

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US companies are helping Saudi Arabia to build an AI powerhouse

AMD announced a five-year, $10 billion collaboration with Humain to deploy up to 500 megawatts of AI compute in Saudi Arabia and the US, aiming to deploy “multi-exaflop capacity by early 2026.” AWS, too, is expanding its data centers in Saudi Arabia to bolster Humain’s cloud infrastructure. Saudi Arabia has abundant oil and gas to power those data centers, and is growing its renewable energy resources with the goal of supplying 50% of the country’s power by 2030. “Commercial electricity rates, nearly 50% lower than in the US, offer potential cost savings for AI model training, though high local hosting costs due to land, talent, and infrastructure limit total savings,” said Eric Samuel, Associate Director at IDC. Located near Middle Eastern population centers and fiber optic cables to Asia, these data centers will offer enterprises low-latency cloud computing for real-time AI applications. Late is great There’s an advantage to being a relative latecomer to the technology industry, said Eric Samuel, associate director, research at IDC. “Saudi Arabia’s greenfield tech landscape offers a unique opportunity for rapid, ground-up AI integration, unburdened by legacy systems,” he said.

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AMD, Nvidia partner with Saudi startup to build multi-billion dollar AI service centers

Humain will deploy the Nvidia Omniverse platform as a multi-tenant system to drive acceleration of the new era of physical AI and robotics through simulation, optimization and operation of physical environments by new human-AI-led solutions. The AMD deal did not discuss the number of chips involved in the deal, but it is valued at $10 billion. AMD and Humain plan to develop a comprehensive AI infrastructure through a network of AMD-based AI data centers that will extend from Saudi Arabia to the US and support a wide range of AI workloads across corporate, start-up, and government markets. Think of it as AWS but only offering AI as a service. AMD will provide its AI compute portfolio – Epyc, Instinct, and FPGA networking — and the AMD ROCm open software ecosystem, while Humain will manage the delivery of the hyperscale data center, sustainable power systems, and global fiber interconnects. The partners expect to activate a multi-exaflop network by early 2026, supported by next-generation AI silicon, modular data center zones, and a software platform stack focused on developer enablement, open standards, and interoperability. Amazon Web Services also got a piece of the action, announcing a more than $5 billion investment to build an “AI zone” in the Kingdom. The zone is the first of its kind and will bring together multiple capabilities, including dedicated AWS AI infrastructure and servers, UltraCluster networks for faster AI training and inference, AWS services like SageMaker and Bedrock, and AI application services such as Amazon Q. Like the AMD project, the zone will be available in 2026. Humain only emerged this month, so little is known about it. But given that it is backed by Crown Prince Salman and has the full weight of the Kingdom’s Public Investment Fund (PIF), which ranks among the world’s largest and

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Check Point CISO: Network segregation can prevent blackouts, disruptions

Fischbein agrees 100% with his colleague’s analysis and adds that education and training can help prevent such incidents from occurring. “Simulating such a blackout is impossible, it has never been done,” he acknowledges, but he is committed to strengthening personal and team training and risk awareness. Increased defense and cybersecurity budgets In 2025, industry watchers expect there will be an increase in the public budget allocated to defense. In Spain, one-third of the budget will be allocated to increasing cybersecurity. But for Fischbein, training teams is much more important than the budget. “The challenge is to distribute the budget in a way that can be managed,” he notes, and to leverage intuitive and easy-to-use platforms, so that organizations don’t have to invest all the money in training. “When you have information, management, users, devices, mobiles, data centers, clouds, cameras, printers… the security challenge is very complex. You have to look for a security platform that makes things easier, faster, and simpler,” he says. ” Today there are excellent tools that can stop all kinds of attacks.” “Since 2010, there have been cybersecurity systems, also from Check Point, that help prevent this type of incident from happening, but I’m not sure that [Spain’s electricity blackout] was a cyberattack.” Leading the way in email security According to Gartner’s Magic Quadrant, Check Point is the leader in email security platforms. Today email is still responsible for 88% of all malicious file distributions. Attacks that, as Fischbein explains, enter through phishing, spam, SMS, or QR codes. “There are two challenges: to stop the threats and not to disturb, because if the security tool is a nuisance it causes more harm than good. It is very important that the solution does not annoy [users],” he stresses. “As almost all attacks enter via e-mail, it is

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HPE ‘morphs’ private cloud portfolio with improved virtualization, storage and data protection

What do you get when combining Morpheus with Aruba? As part of the extensible platform message that HPE is promoting with Morpheus, it’s also working in some capabilities from the broader HPE portfolio. One integration is with HPE Aruba for networking microsegmentation. Bhardwaj noted that a lot of HPE Morpheus users are looking for microsegmentation in order to make sure that the traffic between two virtual machines on a server is secure. “The traditional approach of doing that is on the hypervisor, but that costs cycles on the hypervisor,” Bhardwaj said. “Frankly, the way that’s being delivered today, customers have to pay extra cost on the server.” With the HPE Aruba plugin that now works with HPE Morpheus, the microsegmentation capability can be enabled at the switch level. Bhardwaj said that by doing the microsegmentation in the switch and not the hypervisor, costs can be lowered and performance can be increased. The integration brings additional capabilities, including the ability to support VPN and network address translation (NAT) in an integrated way between the switch and the hypervisor. VMware isn’t the only hypervisor supported by HPE  The HPE Morpheus VM Essentials Hypervisor is another new element in the HPE cloud portfolio. The hypervisor is now being integrated into HPE’s private cloud offerings for both data center as well as edge deployments.

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AMD targets hosting providers with affordable EPYC 4005 processors

According to Pinkesh Kotecha, chairman and MD of Ishan Technologies, AMD’s 4th Gen EPYC processors stood out because they offer the right combination of high performance, energy efficiency, and security. “Their high core density and ability to optimize performance per watt made them ideal for managing data-intensive operations like real-time analytics and high-frequency transactions. Additionally, AMD’s strong AI roadmap and growing portfolio of AI-optimised solutions position them as a forward-looking partner, ready to support our customers’ evolving AI and data needs. This alignment made AMD a clear choice over alternatives,” Kotecha said. By integrating AMD EPYC processors, Ishan Technologies’ Ishan Cloud plans to empower enterprises across BFSI, ITeS, and manufacturing industries, as well as global capability centers and government organizations, to meet India’s data localization requirements and drive AI-led digital transformation. “The AMD EPYC 4005 series’ price-to-performance ratio makes it an attractive option for cloud hosting and web services, where cost-efficient, always-on performance is essential,” said Manish Rawat, analyst, TechInsights. Prabhu Ram, VP for the industry research group at CMR, said EPYC 4005 processors deliver a compelling mix of performance-per-watt, higher core counts, and modern I/O support, positioning it as a strong alternative to Intel’s Xeon E-2400 and 6300P, particularly for edge deployments. Shah of Counterpoint added, “While ARM-based Ampere Altra promises higher power efficiencies and is ideally adopted in more cloud and hyperscale data centers, though performance is something where x86-based Zen 5 architecture excels and nicely balances the efficiencies with lower TDPs, better software compatibilities supported by a more mature ecosystem.”

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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