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North Sea catering pioneer Entier sells out to Aramark

North Sea catering firm Entier has been acquired by US food services giant Aramark (NYSE: ARMK) for an undisclosed sum. Westhill-based Entier was founded by chef Peter Bruce in 2008 and was later backed by equity investor BGF. The group employs nearly 700 people across offices in the UK, as well as Australia, New Zealand, […]

North Sea catering firm Entier has been acquired by US food services giant Aramark (NYSE: ARMK) for an undisclosed sum.

Westhill-based Entier was founded by chef Peter Bruce in 2008 and was later backed by equity investor BGF.

The group employs nearly 700 people across offices in the UK, as well as Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Saudi Arabia.

The firm reached a turnover of £61.7 million in 2023, according to accounts filed at Companies House. This represented a 25% increase on the prior year. Pre-tax profit reached £2m.

Bruce, who remains a significant shareholder, founded the firm specialising on offshore catering following an 11-year career with Compass.

The business branched out into luxury catering with the acquisition of Perthshire Wild Thyme in 2016, which came with exclusive rights to catering events at Glamis Castle in Angus, Carlowie Castle near Edinburgh and the Glenturret Distillery in Crieff as well as a track record of serving nibbles to sporting events including the Ryder Cup and the Alfred Dunhill Links Championship.

In 2017 Entier secured a £6.5m investment from Business Growth Fund (BGF) to expand its overseas operations.

Philadelphia-headquartered Aramark launched its offshore division in 1978. It made a big splash in the UK North Sea in 2013 when it w0n a five-year deal worth $41m to cater offshore facilities for French firm Total, now called TotalEnergies (PAR: TTE).

Entier has been contacted for comment.

More to follow.

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Ambient sensing: Privacy-aware embedded intelligence

CSI enables passive, privacy-preserving sensing that can operate through walls and in low-light conditions, making it ideal for smart home, security and health monitoring applications. Wi-Fi-based home monitoring leverages the ubiquity of wireless networks to create a sensing fabric across homes. Unlike cameras, Wi-Fi signals naturally penetrate walls and furniture,

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Blackstone to acquire majority stake in NetBrain Technologies

Global investment firm Blackstone announced it entered into an agreement to acquire a majority stake in network automation platform provider NetBrain Technologies. While financial details of the deal were not disclosed, Blackstone’s growth investment in NetBrain valued the technology provider at $750 million. “AI has the power to transform how

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Energy Department’s flawed grid study props up expensive, zombie power plants

Matthias Fripp is director of global policy research and Brendan Pierpont is director of electricity modeling at Energy Innovation. The U.S. Department of Energy recently issued a report warning that if aging power plants retire as planned, much of the country could face hundreds of hours of blackouts annually by 2030. This outlandish claim is built on a deeply flawed analysis: the DOE assumes that the power sector will stop building new resources after 2026, even as demand rises and old generators retire. This defies how utilities and grid operators actually plan for future needs, and could result in higher utility bills for Americans. Supply and demand, without the supply There is no question that electricity demand is growing faster than it has in decades, and utilities and grid operators around the country are meeting the moment with plans to build more and faster. The DOE’s analysis uses aggressive but plausible forecasts for electricity demand growth from data centers and other drivers, and potential retirements of aging generators. But unlike any actual utility planner faced with rapidly growing grid needs, the DOE assumes the U.S. power sector will effectively stop building new resources after 2026. It does this by only accounting for those projects already under construction or with signed contracts. This paints a distorted picture of the grid in 2030: a gap between supply and demand so large that widespread shortfalls are a foregone conclusion. Keeping zombie power plants online Earlier this year, the Trump administration issued “emergency” orders to keep the J.H. Campbell and Eddystone power plants open — plants that are so expensive and unreliable that their owners had decided it was time to shut them down. These orders, however, were not based on a credible reliability need. Dan Scripps, chair of the Michigan Public Service Commission, was

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Enphase Energy looks to third-party financing to boost business

  Dive Brief: U.S. solar and battery installers are not rushing to stock up on equipment ahead of the expiration of the 25D federal tax credit for customer-owned residential solar systems at the end of the year, Enphase Energy CEO Badri Kothandaraman said Tuesday on the company’s second-quarter earnings call. But Kothandaraman said Enphase expects “pull-forward” business to materialize early in the fourth quarter, later than some analysts expected. Julien Dumoulin-Smith, an equity analyst with investment bank Jefferies, said in a Wednesday note that “we were too optimistic in our preview and expected demand pull-in from [the] potential expiry of 25D.” After the 25D credit expires, the solar industry “must evolve rapidly” toward leasing arrangements and power purchase agreements while boosting battery attachment rates and driving down installation and customer acquisition costs, Kothandaraman said. Dive Insight: In spite of a muted, single-digit increase in equipment demand during the second quarter, Enphase still sees installers who sell solar and battery systems directly to homeowners ramping up buying activity later in the year, Kothandaraman said. “Our installers are experts and they know what to do,” he said. “They can get a lot of installations done quickly.” The tax and spending law President Trump signed on July 4 ends the 30% investment tax credit for customer-owned residential solar and battery systems placed in service after Dec. 31.  Third-party financed systems, also known as third-party ownership or TPO systems, are covered by a different investment tax credit that also applies to utility-scale solar, wind and other clean energy systems. TPO installers have until the middle of 2026 to make “safe harbor” equipment purchases, Kothandaraman said. Solar and storage resellers must quickly adopt third-party financing models to survive a sharp contraction in the residential distributed energy market next year, Kothandaraman said.  Kothandaraman’s “personal view is

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US electricity demand to grow 2.5% annually thru 2035: BofA Institute

US electricity demand to grow 2.5% annually through 2035: BofA Institute | Utility Dive Skip to main content An article from Dive Brief Building electrification, data centers, industrial growth and electric vehicles are among the factors contributing to growth, according to the prediction. Published July 24, 2025 A view of a Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) electrical substation on January 26, 2022 in Petaluma, California. There are a range of estimates around future U.S. electricity demand, but all point to a rapid rise after decades of stagnant growth. Justin Sullivan via Getty Images Dive Brief: U.S. electricity demand will grow at a 2.5% compound annual growth rate through 2035 — compared with a 0.5% CAGR from 2014-2024 — according to research distributed by Bank of America Institute on Tuesday. Utilities will need to increase spending to expand and replace aging power generation, transmission and distribution assets, and “deregulation and accelerated permitting may further help get more projects off the starting line,” the analysts said. The U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources heard testimony on Wednesday about the need to meet the rising electricity demand. Generation interconnection timelines are too long, transmission development lags demand and “permitting is fragmented and sequential,” Jeff Tench, executive vice president, North America and Asia Pacific, for Vantage Data Centers, told lawmakers. Dive Insight: There are a range of estimates around future U.S. electricity demand, but all point to a rapid rise after decades of stagnant growth. Bank of America Institute’s 2.5% CAGR prediction includes historical annual growth of about 0.5%, with another 1% coming from building electrification, 0.5% from data centers,  0.3% from industrial growth and 0.2% from electric vehicles. Permission granted by Bank of America Institute “These energy needs pose a challenge: US energy infrastructure is aging quickly and in need of replacement. In

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DOE Announces Site Selection for AI Data Center and Energy Infrastructure Development on Federal Lands

The forthcoming solicitations will drive innovation in reliable energy technologies, contribute to lower energy costs, and strengthen American leadership in artificial intelligence WASHINGTON– The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced the next steps in the Trump administration’s plan to accelerate the development of AI infrastructure through siting on DOE lands.  DOE has selected four sites—Idaho National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Reservation, Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant and Savannah River Site—to move forward with plans to invite private sector partners to develop cutting edge AI data center and energy generation projects.   Today’s announcement supports the Trump administration’s goals of utilizing Federal lands to lower energy costs and help power the global AI race, as outlined in President Trump’s Executive Orders on Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure, Deploying Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies for National Security, and Unleashing American Energy.   “By leveraging DOE land assets for the deployment of AI and energy infrastructure, we are taking a bold step to accelerate the next Manhattan Project—ensuring U.S. AI and energy leadership,” said Energy Secretary Chris Wright. “These sites are uniquely positioned to host data centers as well as power generation to bolster grid reliability, strengthen our national security, and reduce energy costs.” DOE received enormous interest in response to its April request for information (RFI) that helped inform the selection of these sites. The chosen locations are well-situated for large-scale data centers, new power generation, and other necessary infrastructure.  DOE looks forward to working with data center developers, energy companies, and the broader public in consultation with states, local governments, and federally recognized tribes that these projects will serve to further advance this important initiative. More details regarding project scope, eligibility requirements, and submission guidelines at each site will be available with the site-specific releases. These solicitations are expected to be

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USA Crude Oil Inventories Drop Week on Week

U.S. commercial crude oil inventories, excluding those in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), decreased by 3.2 million barrels from the week ending July 11 to the week ending July 18, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) highlighted in its latest weekly petroleum status report. That report was released on July 23 and included data for the week ending July 18. It showed that crude oil stocks, not including the SPR, stood at 419.0 million barrels on July 18, 422.2 million barrels on July 11, and 436.5 million barrels on July 19, 2024. Crude oil in the SPR stood at 402.5 million barrels on July 18, 402.7 million barrels on July 11, and 374.4 million barrels on July 19, 2024, the report revealed. Total petroleum stocks – including crude oil, total motor gasoline, fuel ethanol, kerosene type jet fuel, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, propane/propylene, and other oils – stood at 1.653 billion barrels on July 18, the report highlighted. Total petroleum stocks were down 5.4 million barrels week on week and down 12.7 million barrels year on year, the report showed. “At 419 million barrels, U.S. crude oil inventories are about nine percent below the five year average for this time of year,” the EIA said in its latest weekly petroleum status report. “Total motor gasoline inventories decreased by 1.7 million barrels from last week and are slightly above the five year average for this time of year. Both finished gasoline inventories and blending components inventories decreased last week,” it added. “Distillate fuel inventories increased by 2.9 million barrels last week and are about 19 percent below the five year average for this time of year. Propane/propylene inventories decreased by 0.5 million barrels from last week and are 10 percent above the five year average for this time of

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SLB Scores NEP Carbon Storage Project Job

Global energy technology company Schlumberger NV (SLB) has secured a contract to develop a carbon storage site in the North Sea. The company said the contract was awarded by the Northern Endurance Partnership (NEP), an incorporated joint venture between BP PLC, Equinor ASA, and TotalEnergies SE. SLB said that NEP is developing both onshore and offshore infrastructure needed to transport the carbon dioxide (CO2) from carbon capture projects across Teesside and the Humber. These projects are collectively known as the East Coast Cluster. SLB said the captured carbon will be safely stored under the North Sea. SLB said it will utilize its Sequestri carbon storage solutions portfolio, comprising technologies designed and qualified for developing carbon storage sites, to build six storage wells. The project encompasses drilling, measurement, cementing, fluids, completions, wireline, and pumping services, the company said. “Technologies and services tailored for carbon storage will play a critical role in shifting the economics and safeguarding the integrity of carbon storage projects before and after the FID”, Katherine Rojas, senior vice president of Industrial Decarbonization at SLB, said. “We are excited to be a part of this groundbreaking CCS project in the UK, leveraging the proven carbon storage technologies in our Sequestri portfolio and our extensive expertise delivering complex CCS projects around the world”. The NEP infrastructure is expected to play a vital role in helping the UK’s highest carbon-intensive industrial areas reach net-zero emissions. Through the Endurance saline aquifer and nearby storage facilities, NEP can provide storage for as much as one billion metric tons of CO2, SLB said. This infrastructure will facilitate the transportation and permanent storage of an initial four million metric tons of CO2 annually, with operations anticipated to commence in 2028. To contact the author, email [email protected] WHAT DO YOU THINK? Generated by readers, the comments

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Technology is coming so fast data centers are obsolete by the time they launch

 Tariffs aside, Enderle feels that AI technology and ancillary technology around it like battery backup is still in the early stages of development and there will be significant changes coming in the next few years. GPUs from AMD and Nvidia are the primary processors for AI, and they are derived from video game accelerators. They were never meant for use in AI processing, but they are being fine-tuned for the task.  It’s better to wait to get a more mature product than something that is still in a relatively early state. But Alan Howard, senior analyst for data center infrastructure at Omdia, disagrees and says not to wait. One reason is the rate at which people that are building data centers is all about seizing market opportunity.” You must have a certain amount of capacity to make sure that you can execute on strategies meant to capture more market share.” The same sentiment exists on the colocation side, where there is a considerable shortage of capacity as demand outstrips supply. “To say, well, let’s wait and see if maybe we’ll be able to build a better, more efficient data center by not building anything for a couple of years. That’s just straight up not going to happen,” said Howard. “By waiting, you’re going to miss market opportunities. And these companies are all in it to make money. And so, the almighty dollar rules,” he added. Howard acknowledges that by the time you design and build the data center, it’s obsolete. The question is, does that mean it can’t do anything? “I mean, if you start today on a data center that’s going to be full of [Nvidia] Blackwells, and let’s say you deploy in two years when they’ve already retired Blackwell, and they’re making something completely new. Is that data

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‘Significant’ outage at Alaska Airlines not a security incident, but a hardware breakdown

The airline told Network World that when the critical piece of what it described as “third-party multi-redundant hardware” failed unexpectedly, “it impacted several of our key systems that enable us to run various operations.” The company is currently working with its vendor to replace the faulty equipment at the data center. The airline has cancelled more than 150 flights since Sunday evening, including 64 on Monday. The company said additional flight disruptions are likely as it repositions aircraft and crews throughout its network. Alaska Airlines emphasized that the safety of its flights was never compromised, and that “the IT outage is not related to any other current events, and it’s not connected to the recent cybersecurity incident at Hawaiian Airlines.” The airline did not provide additional information to Network World about the specifics of the outage. “There are many redundant components that can fail,” said Roberts, noting that it could have been something as simple as a RAID array (which combines multiple physical data storage components into one or more logical units). Or, on the network side, it could have been the failure of a pair of load balancers. “It’s interesting that redundancy didn’t save them,” said Roberts. “Perhaps multiple pieces of hardware were impacted by the same issue, like a firmware update. Or, maybe they’re just really unlucky.”

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Cisco upgrades 400G optical receiver to boost AI infrastructure throughput

“In the data center, what’s really changed in the last year or so is that with AI buildouts, there’s much, much more optics that are part of 400G and 800G. It’s not so much using 10G and 25G optics, which we still sell a ton of, for campus applications. But for AI infrastructure, the 400G and 800G optics are really the dominant optics for that application,” Gartner said. Most of the AI infrastructure builds have been for training models, especially in hyperscaler environments, Gartner said. “I expect, towards the tail end of this year, we’ll start to see more enterprises deploying AI infrastructure for inference. And once they do that, because it has an Nvidia GPU attached to it, it’s going to be a 400G or 800G optic.” Core enterprise applications – such as real-time trading, high-frequency transactions, multi-cloud communications, cybersecurity analytics, network forensics, and industrial IoT – can also utilize the higher network throughput, Gartner said. 

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Supermicro bets big on 4-socket X14 servers to regain enterprise trust

In April, Dell announced its PowerEdge R470, R570, R670, and R770 servers with Intel Xeon 6 Processors with P-cores, but with single and double-socket servers. Similarly, Lenovo’s ThinkSystem V4 servers are also based on the Intel Xeon 6 processor but are limited to dual socket configurations. The launch of 4-socket servers by Supermicro reflects a growing enterprise need for localized compute that can support memory-bound AI and reduce the complexity of distributed architectures. “The modern 4-socket servers solve multiple pain points that have intensified with GenAI and memory-intensive analytics. Enterprises are increasingly challenged by latency, interconnect complexity, and power budgets in distributed environments. High-capacity, scale-up servers provide an architecture that is more aligned with low-latency, large-model processing, especially where data residency or compliance constraints limit cloud elasticity,” said Sanchit Vir Gogia, chief analyst and CEO at Greyhound Research. “Launching a 4-socket Xeon 6 platform and packaging it within their modular ‘building block’ strategy shows Supermicro is focusing on staying ahead in enterprise and AI data center compute,” said Devroop Dhar, co-founder and MD at Primus Partner. A critical launch after major setbacks Experts peg this to be Supermicro’s most significant product launch since it became mired in governance and regulatory controversies. In 2024, the company lost Ernst & Young, its second auditor in two years, following allegations by Hindenburg Research involving accounting irregularities and the alleged export of sensitive chips to sanctioned entities. Compounding its troubles, Elon Musk’s AI startup xAI redirected its AI server orders to Dell, a move that reportedly cost Supermicro billions in potential revenue and damaged its standing in the hyperscaler ecosystem. Earlier this year, HPE signed a $1 billion contract to provide AI servers for X, a deal Supermicro was also bidding for. “The X14 launch marks a strategic reinforcement for Supermicro, showcasing its commitment

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Moving AI workloads off the cloud? A hefty data center retrofit awaits

“If you have a very specific use case, and you want to fold AI into some of your processes, and you need a GPU or two and a server to do that, then, that’s perfectly acceptable,” he says. “What we’re seeing, kind of universally, is that most of the enterprises want to migrate to these autonomous agents and agentic AI, where you do need a lot of compute capacity.” Racks of brand-new GPUs, even without new power and cooling infrastructure, can be costly, and Schneider Electric often advises cost-conscious clients to look at previous-generation GPUs to save money. GPU and other AI-related technology is advancing so rapidly, however, that it’s hard to know when to put down stakes. “We’re kind of in a situation where five years ago, we were talking about a data center lasting 30 years and going through three refreshes, maybe four,” Carlini says. “Now, because it is changing so much and requiring more and more power and cooling you can’t overbuild and then grow into it like you used to.”

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My take on the Gartner Magic Quadrant for LAN infrastructure? Highly inaccurate

Fortinet being in the leader quadrant may surprise some given they are best known as a security vendor, but the company has quietly built a broad and deep networking portfolio. I have no issue with them being considered a leader and believe for security conscious companies, Fortinet is a great option. Challenger Cisco is the only company listed as a challenger, and its movement out of the leader quadrant highlights just how inaccurate this document is. There is no vendor that sells more networking equipment in more places than Cisco, and it has led enterprise networking for decades. Several years ago, when it was a leader, I could argue the division of engineering between Meraki and Catalyst could have pushed them out, but it didn’t. So why now? At its June Cisco Live event, the company launched a salvo of innovation including AI Canvas, Cisco AI Assistant, and much more. It’s also continually improved the interoperability between Meraki and Catalyst and announced several new products. AI Canvas is a completely new take, was well received by customers at Cisco Live, and reinvents the concept of AIOps. As I stated above, because of the December cutoff time for information gathering, none of this was included, but that makes Cisco’s representation false. Also, I find this MQ very vague in its “Cautions” segment. As an example, it states: “Cisco’s product strategy isn’t well-aligned with key enterprise needs.” Some details here would be helpful. In my conversations with Cisco, which includes with Chief Product Officer and President Jeetu Patel, the company has reiterated that its strategy is to help customers be AI-ready with products that are easier to deploy and manage, more automated, and with a lower cost to run. That seems well-aligned with customer needs. If Gartner is hearing customers want networks

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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