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Not just hype — here are real-world use cases for AI agents

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Just seven or eight months ago, when a customer called in to or emailed Baca Systems with a service question, a human agent handling the query would begin searching for similar cases in the system and […]

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More


Just seven or eight months ago, when a customer called in to or emailed Baca Systems with a service question, a human agent handling the query would begin searching for similar cases in the system and analyzing technical documents. 

This process would take roughly five to seven minutes; then the agent could offer the “first meaningful response” and finally begin troubleshooting. 

But now, with AI agents powered by Salesforce, that time has been shortened to as few as five to 10 seconds. 

“That’s a big [reduction],” Andrew Russo, enterprise architect at Baca Systems, told VentureBeat. He emphasized that, “for us, it’s not about how do we eliminate headcount, reduce staffing. Our goal is, how do we make sure the customer is back up and running as quickly as possible?”

Closing time gaps, delivering faster time to resolution

BACA Systems, a Michigan-based robotics manufacturing company, first implemented Salesforce in 2014, eventually adding Service Cloud to replace its “vanilla, or maybe more like strawberry ice cream, basic service cloud,” Russo explained. The company then did a “giant digital transformation” in 2021, bringing on Salesforce’s enterprise resource planning (ERP) platform. 

Team members soon began working with predictive AI for sales and manufacturing forecasts; then the company evolved to AI agents, implementing Salesforce’s Agentforce within the last year. 

An initial key use case was service calls. Russo explained that about 57% of questions coming in from customers are hardware-related (for instance, a machine falling or requiring calibration). 

Now, instead of having to sift through databases for previous customer calls and similar cases, human reps can ask the AI agent to find the relevant information. The AI runs in the background and allows humans to respond right away, Russo noted. 

AI can also support preventative maintenance. For instance, a circuit breaker might be continually tripping, indicating that there’s a short in the wire that should be investigated, Russo explained. This could help eliminate ongoing issues that haven’t been resolved in the past. 

“It’s all about how do we deliver faster time to resolution for customers,” said Russo.

AI agents generating sales leads, handling customer inquiries

Another critical use case is sales, because as a small company, Baca naturally doesn’t have hundreds of sales people or even dozens (in fact they have less than 10). 

“We have a boatload of leads that we haven’t had time to actually make a reachout to,” said Russo. “Our goal is: How do we start to engage those?”

AI can serve as a sales development representative (SDR) to send out general inquires and emails, have a back-and-forth dialogue, then pass the prospect to a member of the sales team, Russo explained. Bringing on additional salespeople to handle such tasks would require tens of thousands of dollars for salaries, but if AI can develop new deals, its upfront cost is “very easy to justify.”

In coming months, the company plans to deploy customer-facing service agents that can interact with human users via text message to open and handle cases without initial need for human intervention. If the AI agent isn’t able to solve a problem, it will escalate the issue to a human rep. 

The intent is, “How do we keep delivering more value to customers on the service side and create more deals on the sales side?” Russo noted. 

Outside sales and service, Baca is using AI to generate emails, create receivables and craft “very stern collections letters” when required. Russo, for his part, is using the technology for part deduplication checking, leveraging retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with prompt builders to detect duplicates to prevent bad data from porting into Salesforce. 

There’s been little to no pushback from employees, he reports: The company started small, initially giving a select group of users access. Others then quickly began inquiring. “They actually started to beg [us] to give them access,” Russo noted. “No one’s scared of it; they like using it because it helps make their job better.”

The company is keeping that deliberate, incremental approach as it further incorporates AI so it can remain agile. “Our goals are not changing, it’s just how we get there and the road we’re taking,” said Russo. “It’s a different road, it’s a better road — it’s the highway.”

AI serving up savings for ezCater

Corporate catering is more complicated than it might sound. There can be shifts in headcounts, food preferences and dietary restrictions as well as other logistical challenges. This sometimes has organizers at ezCater scrambling. 

“Concierge agents have really struggled to keep up with the pace,” Erin DeCesare, CTO of the workplace catering platform, told VentureBeat. 

But once the company implements Salesforce’s Agentforce, a customer needing to modify an order will be able to communicate their needs with AI in natural language, and the AI agent will automatically make adjustments. When more complex issues come up — such as a reconfiguration of an order or an all-out venue change — the AI agent will quickly push the matter up to a human rep. 

“This is a huge cost savings for us,” said DeCesare,

Another intended use case is “restaurant discovery” — that is, AI agents will be able to guide users to the best venue based on inputs about their food preferences, budget, location and other factors. This will be supported by data from millions of workplace food orders. “This is what NLP and AI is perfect for,” said DeCesare. 

ezCater is initially incorporating AI agents in-house to assist concierge agents, and the human agents love it, she reports. “We’re giving them tools to be better, and be able to handle more calls.”

There’s been a shift in the comfort level of engineers, too, as they are able to conceive of agents more structurally. “They can test and trust in a way that feels like software development,” said DeCesare. “It’s more like what they would expect in the software development lifecycle.”

Business partners are also excited about the possibilities for tasks such as business analysis or process maps. “The technology has become so accessible in the last six months,” said DeCesare. “You can easily see how this is going to rapidly become the norm. We’re going to be in a very different world 12 months from now.”

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WTI Corrects After Five-Month Highs

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Extreme Cold From NY to Texas Threatens to Topple Records

A blast of extreme cold is poised to descend on the central US this weekend before spreading to New York and the rest of the East Coast, testing power grids and threatening to break temperature records. Frigid conditions will sweep the Midwest and South, including Texas, starting on Saturday and then shift east early next week. The low in Dallas is poised to reach 21F (minus 6C) Monday night, while temperatures in Manhattan will drop near 10F late Tuesday, according to the National Weather Service.  The cold will start in the northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains and “by Sunday spread all the way to the Gulf Coast and much of the eastern US,” said Marc Chenard, a senior branch forecaster at the US Weather Prediction Center. “There will be below-normal temperatures in Texas during the day on Saturday. Most of the state gets below freezing through Wednesday.” Bone—chilling weather across the densely populated areas of the central and eastern US will raise energy demand and could send utilities scrambling to meet the spike in consumption, since much of the South relies on electricity for heating. A winter storm four years ago killed more than 200 people and led to the collapse of Texas’ electric grid. Cold temperatures can also disrupt the production of oil and natural gas by causing water in wells and pipelines to freeze.  The Electric Reliability Council of Texas, which manages the state grid, has an advisory in place for Jan. 19 through noon on Jan. 23 because temperatures are expected to stay below freezing. Power demand is forecast to reach about 78.5 gigawatts on the morning of Jan. 21, which would edge over the record set last January. Still, Ercot expects to have enough supply to meet soaring electricity usage.  PJM Interconnect, which manages the grid serving

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USA Crude Oil Stocks Drop 2MM Barrels WoW

U.S. commercial crude oil inventories, excluding those in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) decreased by 2.0 million barrels from the week ending January 3 to the week ending January 10, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) highlighted in its latest weekly petroleum status report. Crude oil stocks, excluding the SPR, stood at 412.7 million barrels on January 10, 414.6 million barrels on January 3, and 429.9 million barrels on January 12, 2024, the EIA report revealed. Crude oil in the SPR came in at 394.3 million barrels on January 10, 393.8 million barrels on January 3, and 355.6 million barrels on January 12, 2024, the report showed. The EIA report highlighted that data may not add up to totals due to independent rounding. Total petroleum stocks – including crude oil, total motor gasoline, fuel ethanol, kerosene type jet fuel, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, propane/propylene, and other oils – stood at 1.625 billion barrels on January 10, the report revealed. This figure was down 2.9 million barrels week on week and up 6.6 million barrels year on year, the report outlined. “At 412.7 million barrels, U.S. crude oil inventories are about six percent below the five year average for this time of year,” the EIA noted in its report. “Total motor gasoline inventories increased by 5.9 million barrels from last week and are sightly below the five year average for this time of year. Finished gasoline inventories and blending components inventories increased last week,” it added. “Distillate fuel inventories increased by 3.1 million barrels last week and are about four percent below the five year average for this time of year. Propane/propylene inventories decreased by 4.7 million barrels from last week and are seven percent above the five year average for this time of year,” it continued. U.S. crude

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AEP, DTE and 6 other utilities win $22.9B in conditional loan guarantees from DOE

Listen to the article 3 min This audio is auto-generated. Please let us know if you have feedback. The U.S. Department of Energy on Thursday announced conditional loan commitments for eight utilities totaling almost $23 billion. If finalized, the loans would support investments in transmission, energy storage, grid modernization, gas pipelines and more. “Projects planned by the utilities announced today will add much-needed transmission capacity by building new transmission lines, reconductoring existing lines, and implementing grid-enhancing technologies that will get more out of existing grid,” DOE said. Additional investments include substation upgrades, virtual power plants and “strategically placed energy storage … New generation from wind, solar, and hydropower are planned at gigawatt scale,” DOE said. And along with investments in the power grid, the conditional loans would support replacing over 3,000 miles of “leaky natural gas distribution and main lines.” The loan guarantees would be provided through the Energy Infrastructure Reinvestment program, funded by the Inflation Reduction Act, and go to utilities serving almost 15 million customers across 12 states. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Energy. The largest award would go to DTE Electric, which could receive up to $7.17 billion in loan guarantees to help finance generation and battery storage in Michigan. Sister utility DTE Gas could receive up to $1.64 billion in loan guarantees to update large natural gas pipes and service distribution lines and to move metering infrastructure outdoors. Consumers Energy, a subsidiary of CMS Energy, could receive a $5.23 billion loan guarantee for investments through 2031 in solar generation, wind generation, battery storage, virtual power plant projects and the replacement of legacy natural gas pipelines. “If finalized, the loan guarantee will enable Consumers Energy to invest in reliability and energy security while significantly lowering costs for its customers,” DOE said. PacifiCorp could receive a $3.5 billion loan guarantee

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What’s on the agenda for Scottish Offshore Wind 2025 in Glasgow?

As the Scottish offshore wind sector prepares to gather in Glasgow next week, Energy Voice looks at the key items on the agenda for industry leaders. The Scottish Renewables Offshore Wind 2025 conference will take place at the SEC in Glasgow from 22-23 January. After a major stumble in 2023 when the fifth renewable auction round failed to secure any bids from UK developers, the offshore wind sector got “back on track” in 2024. The emerging floating wind sector also received a significant boost last year as the Green Volt project secured approval from the Scottish government. Inflationary pressures also eased, but the industry in Scotland still faces barriers to offshore wind deployment. These hurdles range from planning and grid connection delays to a lack of domestic manufacturing capacity and skills shortages. The election of a Labour government brought with it a clean power 2030 target, and the introduction of GB Energy and Mission Control. In 2024, the Glasgow event featured discussions around port infrastructure, transmission, community benefit and Contracts for Difference. With the industry set to gather in Glasgow once again next week, are there any clues for what’s in store for the Scottish offshore wind sector in 2025? GB Energy and green industrial strategy First up in Glasgow, day one will see industry leaders explore ways to accelerate progress in ramping up supply chain capacity to meet decarbonisation targets. Top of the agenda will be Labour’s flagship publicly owned GB Energy, as well as the Scottish government’s green industrial strategy. GB Energy chair Juergen Maier will headline the opening plenary, appearing alongside SSE Renewables head of offshore development Brian McFarlane and BlueFloat Energy Nadara Partnership UK managing director Susie Lind. The discussion will focus on ways the industry can collaborate with governments to tackle the barriers to offshore

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Qualcomm purloins Intel’s chief Xeon designer with eyes toward data center development

If Intel was hoping for a turnaround in 2025, it will have to wait at least a little bit longer. The chief architect for Intel’s Xeon server processors has defected to chip rival Qualcomm, which is making yet another run at entering the data center market. Sailesh Kottapalli, a 28-year Intel veteran and a senior fellow and chief architect for the company’s Xeon processors, made the announcement on LinkedIn on January 13, stating that he joined Qualcomm as a senior vice president. “My journey took me through roles as a validation engineer, logic designer, full-chip floor planner, post-silicon debug engineer, micro architect, and architect,” he wrote. “I worked on CPU cores, memory, IO, and platform aspects of the system, spanning multiple architectures across x86 and Itanium, and products including CPU and GPU, most importantly shaping the Xeon product line.”

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8 Trends That Will Shape the Data Center Industry In 2025

What lies ahead for the data center industry in 2025? At Data Center Frontier, our eyes are always on the horizon, and we’re constantly talking with industry thought leaders to get their take on key trends. Our Magic 8 Ball prognostications did pretty well last year, so now it’s time to look ahead at what’s in store for the industry over the next 12 months, as we identify eight themes that stand to shape the data center business going forward. We’ll be writing in more depth about many of these trends, but this list provides a view of the topics that we believe will be most relevant in 2025. A publication about the future frontiers of data centers and AI shouldn’t be afraid to put it’s money where its mouth is, and that’s why we used AI tools to help research and compose this year’s annual industry trends forecast. The article is meant to be a bit encyclopedic in the spirit of a digest, less than an exactly prescriptive forecast – although we try to go there as well. The piece contains some dark horse trends. Do we think immersion cooling is going to explode this year, suddenly giving direct-to-chip a run for its money? Not exactly. But do we think that, given the enormous and rapidly expanding parameters of the AI and HPC boom, the sector for immersion cooling could see some breakthroughs this year? Seems reasonable. Ditto for the trends forecasting natural gas and quantum computing advancements. Such topics are definitely on the horizon and highly visible on the frontier of data centers, so we’d better learn more about them, was our thought. Because as borne out by recent history, data center industry trends that start at the bleeding edge (pun intended – also, on the list) sometimes

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Podcast: Data Center and AI Sustainability Imperatives with iMasons Climate Accord Executive Director, Miranda Gardiner

Miranda was a featured speaker at last September’s inaugural Data Center Frontier Trends Summit. The call for speakers is now open for this year’s event, which will be held again in Reston, Virginia from Aug. 26-28. DCF Show Podcast Quotes from Miranda Gardiner, Executive Director, iMasons Climate Accord On Her Career Journey and Early Passion for Sustainability:   – “My goals have always been kind of sustainability, affordable housing. I shared a story last week on a panel that my mother even found a yearbook of me from my elementary school years. The question that year was like, what do you hope for the future? And mine was there’d be no pollution and everyone would have a home.” On Transitioning to Data Centers:   – “We started to see this mission-critical focus in facilities like data centers, airports, and healthcare buildings. For me, connecting sustainability into the performance of the building made data centers the perfect match.” Overview of the iMasons Climate Accord:   – “The iMasons Climate Accord is an initiative started in 2022. The primary focus is emission reductions, and the only requirement to join is having an emission reduction strategy.”   – “This year, we refined our roadmap to include objectives such as having a climate strategy, incentivizing low-GHG materials like green concrete, and promoting equity by supporting small, women-owned, and minority-owned businesses.” On Industry Collaboration and Leadership:   – “This year, through the Climate Accord, we issued a call to action on the value of environmental product declarations (EPDs). It was signed by AWS, Digital Realty, Google, Microsoft, Schneider Electric, and Meta—talk about a big initiative and impact!” On EPDs and Carbon Disclosure:   – “EPDs provide third-party verification of materials coming into buildings. Pairing that with the Open Compute Project’s carbon disclosure labels on equipment creates vast opportunities for transparency and

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Accelsius and iM Data Centers Demo Next-Gen Cooling and Sustainability at Miami Data Center

Miami Data Center Developments Update Miami has recently witnessed several significant developments and investments in its data center sector, underscoring the city’s growing importance as a digital infrastructure hub. Notable projects include: Project Apollo:  A proposed 15-megawatt (MW), two-story, 75,000-square-foot data center in unincorporated Miami-Dade County. With an estimated investment of $150 million, construction is slated to commence between 2026 and 2027. The development team has prior experience with major companies such as Amazon, Meta, and Iron Mountain.  RadiusDC’s Acquisition of Miami I:  In August 2024, RadiusDC acquired the Miami I data center located in the Sweetwater area. Spanning 170,000 square feet across two stories, the facility currently offers 3.2MW of capacity, with plans to expand to 9.2 MW by the first half of 2026. The carrier-neutral facility provides connectivity to 11 fiber optic and network service providers.  Iron Mountain’s MIA-1 Data Center: Iron Mountain is developing a 150,000-square-foot, 16 MW data center on a 3.4-acre campus in Central North West Miami. The facility, known as MIA-1, is scheduled to open in 2026 and aims to serve enterprises, cloud providers, and large-scale users in South Florida. It will feature fiber connections to other Iron Mountain facilities and a robust pipeline of carriers and software-defined networks.  EDGNEX’s Investment Plans:  As of this month, Dubai, UAE-based EDGNEX has announced plans to invest $20 billion in the U.S. data center market, with the potential to double this investment. This plan includes a boutique condo project in Miami, estimated to have a $1 billion gross development value, indicating a significant commitment to the region’s digital infrastructure.  All of these developments highlight Miami’s strategic position as a connectivity hub, particularly serving as a gateway to Latin America and the Caribbean. The city’s data center market is characterized by steady growth, with a focus on retail colocation and

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Tract Capital Unveils Fleet Data Centers, Specializing In 500 MW+ Build-to-Suit Megacampuses

Tract Capital has announced the launch of Fleet Data Centers, a new platform dedicated to the development of mega-scale data center campuses with capacities of 500 MW or more, specifically designed for single-user customers.  The initiative is led by Grant van Rooyen, CEO of Tract Capital and Executive Chairman of Fleet Data Centers, and Chris Vonderhaar, the newly appointed President of Fleet Data Centers.  Vonderhaar brings extensive experience to the role, having served as Vice President of Demand and Supply Management at Google Cloud and as a senior leader at Amazon Web Services (AWS) for over a decade, where he oversaw the design, planning, construction, and operation of AWS’s global data center platform.  The Fleet leadership team also includes veterans from hyperscalers, wholesale data center providers, network infrastructure firms, and equipment vendors, with a collective track record of deploying dozens of gigawatts of data center capacity across hundreds of facilities globally. A Two Prong Strategy Defining two distinct strategies, Fleet is the mega-campus vertical development arm of Tract Capital, an alternative asset manager specializing in scaling digital infrastructure, which also operates Tract to refine development sites at ground level for data centers in terms of lining up power, fiber, zoning and entitlements.  Fleet Data Centers will aim to address the next phase of hyperscale data center growth by offering customized gigawatt-level campuses that provide predictability, flexibility, and scalability for hyperscalers navigating increasing infrastructure demands. This new venture from Tract Capital underscores the growing need for innovative, large-scale digital infrastructure solutions, particularly as hyperscalers face mounting challenges in scaling their global platforms to meet the demands of the digital age. The unveiling of Fleet is just another example of the way Tract Capital has consistently demonstrated its expertise in accelerating the scaling of responsible technology infrastructure, combining operational capabilities from industry

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Call for Speakers: Second Annual Data Center Frontier Trends Summit, Aug. 26-28, Reston, VA

Data Center Frontier (DCF) is excited to announce the Call for Speakers for our highly anticipated second annual Data Center Frontier Trends Summit, set to take place from August 26-28, 2025 in Reston, Virginia.  This premier industry event will once again bring together the brightest minds and leaders in the data center and digital infrastructure sectors to explore cutting-edge trends shaping the future of the industry.   Submit Speaking Proposals Here The DCF Trends Summit focuses on delivering deep insights and actionable knowledge for professionals navigating the evolving challenges and opportunities in data center innovation, energy efficiency, sustainability, and advanced technology integration. This year’s event will feature keynote speakers, expert panels, and interactive discussions on topics such as AI workloads, modular and edge computing, renewable energy strategies, and the global expansion of hyperscale facilities.   Call for Papers Details The DCF Trends Summit welcomes paper submissions on a wide range of relevant topics, including but not limited to: Emerging Trends:  AI, machine learning, and edge computing in data center operations. Power: Utility and substation power, renewables and behind-the-meter onsite, battery backup, energy storage. Sustainability:  Innovations in energy efficiency, renewable energy integration, and sustainable design. Technology Innovations:  Next-gen cooling systems, advanced automation, and breakthroughs in network infrastructure. National & Global Perspectives:  Regional market dynamics for site selection and regulation plus strategies for addressing evolving customer needs and workforce development.   View the Full DCF Trends ‘Topics of Interest’ Listing Industry professionals, researchers, and thought leaders are encouraged to submit papers that reflect their expertise, insights, and forward-looking perspectives. Submissions should align with the core themes of the Summit and provide actionable takeaways for attendees.   The deadline for paper submissions is January 29, 2025. All speakers will receive complimentary registration and the opportunity to share their work with a diverse audience

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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