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RRC Adopts Significant Overhaul of Oil, Gas Waste Management Rules

In a statement posted on its website recently, the Texas Railroad Commission (RRC) announced that it has “adopted a significant overhaul of rules regulating oil and gas waste management facilities in Texas”. The development comes “after extensive reviews of public comments and stakeholder input”, the RRC outlined in the statement, which highlighted that the group’s […]

In a statement posted on its website recently, the Texas Railroad Commission (RRC) announced that it has “adopted a significant overhaul of rules regulating oil and gas waste management facilities in Texas”.

The development comes “after extensive reviews of public comments and stakeholder input”, the RRC outlined in the statement, which highlighted that the group’s commissioners voted to adopt the new rules at an open meeting on December 17.

The RRC pointed out in the statement that this is “the first overhaul of RRC’s waste management rules in four decades”. It said the new rules help the RRC continue to safeguard groundwater and surface water while adapting to modern waste management practices, such as recycling produced water, and recent advancements in production methods.

In its statement, the RRC noted that the regulations “cover waste from oil and gas operations … as well as waste from other operations for which the legislature has given the RRC jurisdiction including geothermal, carbon sequestration, and brine mining wells”.

The RRC said the rule updates requirements on the design, construction, operation, monitoring, and closure of waste management units and stated that it will improve the RRC’s ability to track and collect data on oilfield waste transported throughout Texas. It also highlighted in the statement that the new rules “codify informal guidance that RRC experts have developed over the course of several decades to give operators and the public certainty on how regulations of waste management facilities are carried out”.

“The adopted rules will enhance the RRC’s oversight of waste management facilities,” the RRC said in the statement.

“The agency now has staff dedicated to environmental permit compliance – a team that reviews waste management facility reports and inspections and follows-up on those reviews to quickly rectify any issues,” it added.

In the statement, RRC Chairman Christi Craddick highlighted that “the oil and gas industry has evolved dramatically since the 1980s”.

“After a years-long process, and with thoughtful and thorough deliberation from the public, agency experts, and industry stakeholders, I am proud to report the Railroad Commission has passed its first overhaul of waste management rules in 40 years,” Craddick added.

“I sincerely appreciate our staff for their hard work in modernizing our agency’s rules to reflect current waste management practices and new advancements in production methods, allowing industry to continue driving economic growth while upholding our commitment to protecting public safety and the environment,” Craddick added.

RRC Commissioner Wayne Christian said in the statement, “it’s been 40 years since these rules were last updated, and the oil and gas industry has grown and changed in ways unimaginable from back then”.

“Updating these regulations was a slow and deliberate process, ensuring we listened to everyone impacted – small operators, landowners, royalty owners, and waste management companies,” he added.

“I personally hosted meetings with small and mid-sized producers, who shared real concerns about the initial draft, especially regarding pits. We took their feedback seriously, revised the rules and created a version that protects small businesses while safeguarding our environment,” Christian revealed.

“The final draft received overwhelming support from industry stakeholders,” he went on to state.

RRC Commissioner Jim Wright said in the statement, “by passing this measure today, the Railroad Commission and the State of Texas have taken a significant step forward to align our practices and procedures to account for the considerable changes the industry has experienced in the 40 years since this rule was last reformed”.

“Thanks to the tremendous effort and dedication of our staff here at the Railroad Commission and the input and participation of the public and stakeholder groups, we have been able to modernize these rules in a way which aligns with the Railroad Commission’s mission, and which will serve our state and citizens well,” he added.

In a statement posted on its website on September 3, the RRC said it continued to take public input on “proposed rules to revamp the agency’s critical rules regulating waste management facilities in Texas”. That statement highlighted that the public comment period started on August 16 and finished on September 30.

A statement published on the RRC’s site on August 16 announced that RRC commissioners “voted to publish for public comment proposed amendments that are critical to updating the agency’s rules regulating waste management facilities”.

“This proposed rule reflects the hard work and dedication of agency staff and stakeholders on this critical rule,” Craddick said in that statement.

“I am grateful to Commissioner Wright for his leadership on this important matter and look forward to reviewing public input as we work toward final adoption of our solid waste rule amendments,” Craddick added.

In that statement, Wright said, “today’s draft rule represents an important step forward with respect to the Railroad Commission’s expectations regarding waste management practices”.

“It has been 40 years since the Commission last made significant updates to this rule, and today’s proposal is an acknowledgment that considerable changes have occurred in terms of technology and industry practices now being utilized,” he added.

“I thank the Railroad Commission staff for their tireless work on behalf of our state and look forward to reviewing the public’s feedback on this important issue as we work towards final adoption,” he continued.

Also in that statement, Christian said, “right next to oil and gas, water is becoming perhaps the most valuable natural resource in Texas”.

“As an EPA commended agency for ground water protection, the Commission takes safeguarding water extremely seriously, and this rule update makes certain that industry is taking every precaution possible toward protecting the public,” he added.

“I’m proud of the hard work by our commission staff and look forward to this rule continuing to bolster the RRC’s historic legacy as a world-class regulatory agency,” he said.

The RRC was established in 1891 under a constitutional and legislative mandate to prevent discrimination in railroad charges and establish reasonable tariffs, the organization notes on its website, adding that it is the oldest regulatory agency in the state and one of the oldest of its kind in the nation. 

The RRC no longer has any jurisdiction or authority over railroads in Texas, the site highlights. It is the state agency with primary regulatory jurisdiction over the oil and natural gas industry, pipeline transporters, natural gas and hazardous liquid pipeline industry, natural gas utilities, the LP-gas industry, critical natural gas infrastructure, and coal and uranium surface mining operations, the site notes.

The Commission exists under provisions of the Texas Constitution and exercises its statutory responsibilities under state and federal laws for regulation and enforcement of the state’s energy industries, it goes on to state.

The Commission also has regulatory and enforcement responsibilities under federal law including the Surface Coal Mining Control and Reclamation Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Pipeline Safety Acts, Resource Conservation Recovery Act, and Clean Water Act, the site highlights.

To contact the author, email andreas.exarheas@rigzone.com

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On-prem VeloCloud Orchestrator under attack, only some versions patched

Mayuresh Dani, security research manager, at Qualys Threat Research Unit, warned that unpatched versions remain “exposed to active exploitation and have only compensating controls as a protection.” Arista said that organizations suspecting compromise should preserve VCO web access logs, backend application logs, system logs, database logs, and relevant file-system timestamps

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F5 fixes actively exploited zero-day flaw in BIG-IP APM

F5 advises customers to check installations for several indicators of compromise that require correlation as the presence of just one is not necessarily a sign of exploitation. “At a high level, multiple OAuth authentication failures, followed by suspicious commands, shortly followed by a TMM SIGABRT is the combination that should

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EOG appoints Hibbard to succeed Janssen as CFO

@import url(‘https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@100..900&display=swap’); .ebm-page__main h1, .ebm-page__main h2, .ebm-page__main h3, .ebm-page__main h4, .ebm-page__main h5, .ebm-page__main h6 { font-family: Inter; } body { line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0.025em; } button, .ebm-button-wrapper { font-family: Inter; } .label-style { text-transform: uppercase; color: var(–color-grey); font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.75rem; } .caption-style { font-size: 0.75rem; color: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 60%, transparent); } #onetrust-pc-sdk [id*=btn-handler], #onetrust-pc-sdk [class*=btn-handler] { background-color: #c19a06 !important; border-color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-policy a, #onetrust-pc-sdk a, #ot-pc-content a { color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-pc-sdk .ot-active-menu { border-color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-accept-btn-handler, #onetrust-banner-sdk #onetrust-reject-all-handler, #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-pc-btn-handler.cookie-setting-link { background-color: #c19a06 !important; border-color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk .onetrust-pc-btn-handler { color: #c19a06 !important; border-color: #c19a06 !important; } <!–> EOG Resources Inc., Houston, has appointed Jeffrey W. Hibbard executive vice-president and chief financial officer, effective Jan. 1, 2027, succeeding Ann D. Janssen. Janssen, who elected to retire, will serve as an advisor during a transition period before her retirement in 2027. ]–> <!–> Jan. 7, 2026 ]–> <!–> Hibbard has served as EOG’s senior vice-president, finance, since joining the company in August 2025. Before joining EOG, he spent more than 20 years with Morgan Stanley, most recently as a managing director in the firm’s Global Energy Group. Janssen joined a predecessor company in 1995 and has worked at EOG and its predecessors for more than 30 years. She has served as executive vice-president and chief financial officer since January 2024. Previously, she held several finance and accounting leadership roles, including senior vice-president and chief accounting officer. ]–>

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US LNG exports on track to top 120 million tonnes in 2026, Energy Secretary says

US LNG exports are on track to exceed 120 million tonnes in 2026, setting another record as new Gulf Coast capacity ramps up and the US strengthens its position as the world’s largest LNG supplier, Energy Secretary Chris Wright said on Sept. 22. “Last year, for the first time in history, a country exported more than 100 million tonnes of LNG—and that country was the United States. And this year, we are on track to surpass 120 million tonnes,” Wright said in a post on X, crediting companies such as Caturus, which recently announced a major expansion of its Gulf Coast export plant.  The growth in US LNG exports this year is primarily driven by the commissioning of new projects along the Gulf Coast and the expansion of existing plants. Venture Global’s Plaquemines LNG in Louisiana has continued to ramp up since starting operations, and in March the Department of Energy (DOE) authorized an immediate 13% increase in its exports, bringing its total authorized capacity to 3.85 bcfd. In February, DOE approved a further expansion at Cheniere Energy’s Corpus Christi LNG project in Texas; the additional authorization of up to 0.47 bcfd brought the project’s total authorized export capacity to 4.45 bcfd. Outside the Gulf Coast, DOE in April approved a 22% increase in export capacity for the Elba Island LNG terminal in Georgia. Meanwhile, additional US LNG projects remain in the development or construction phase. Largest LNG exporter Over the past few years, the US has emerged as the world’s largest LNG exporter and a key supplier to the European gas market following the decline in Russian pipeline gas supplies. A distinctive feature of US LNG is that the majority of its production capacity is located along the Gulf Coast. With access to European and Asian markets via the

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EIA: US crude oil inventories up 3 million bbl

US crude oil inventories for the week ended Sept. 18, excluding the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, increased by 3.0 million bbl from the previous week, according to data from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). At 426.4 million bbl, US crude oil inventories are about 2% above the 5-year average for this time of year, the EIA report indicated. Gasoline inventories decreased 1.7 million bbl, 6% below the 5-year average. Distillate inventories decreased 400,000 million bbl, 12% below the 5-year average. Propane-propylene inventories decreased 1.2 million bbl, 20% above the 5-year average. Total commercial petroleum inventories increased by 0.1 million bbl for the week. US crude oil refinery inputs averaged 16.8 million b/d for the week ended Sept. 18, which was 519,000 b/d less than the previous week’s average. Refineries operated at 94% of capacity. Gasoline output averaged 9.6 million b/d, and distillate production decreased to 5.2 million b/d. Crude oil imports decreased 1.2 million b/d to 5.9 million b/d. The 4-week average of 6.6 million b/d is 5.3% above the year-ago level. Gasoline imports averaged 401,000 b/d; distillate imports averaged 85,000 b/d. Over the past four weeks, total product supplied averaged 20.6 million b/d, up 0.5% year over year. The 4-week average for gasoline product supplied decreased 0.8% year over year to 8.8 million b/d, while the 4-week average for distillate product supplied increased 0.3% to 3.6 million b/d. The 4-week average for jet fuel product supplied increased 6.2% year over year.

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TotalEnergies, Amni take FID on $1.108-billion Ima gas project

TotalEnergies EP Nigeria Ltd. has taken final investment decision (FID) to develop Ima gas field, which straddles the OML 112 and OML 117 offshore licenses in Nigeria, with partner Amni International Petroleum Development Co. Ltd. (Amni), targeting gas resources discovered alongside the original Ima oil accumulation. The project has an estimated development cost of US$1.108 billion and independently confirmed gross reserves of about 1.28 tcf of non-associated gas. At plateau, it is designed to produce about 350 MMscfd (more than 60,000 boe/d) for at least 8 years, Amni said Sept. 23. The shallow-water Ima gas field near Bonny Island will be developed through a single platform tied to Nigeria LNG (TotalEnergies, 15%) by a 22-km pipeline, with power supplied from shore, no flaring, and permanent methane detection and monitoring. First gas is targeted for October 2028. Once on stream, the field is expected to supply about one-third of the gas required for the Nigeria LNG Train 7 expansion, which is expected to increase liquefaction capacity to 30 million tonnes/year (tpy) from 22 million tpy, TotalEnergies said in a separate release. The FID follows a 2024 heads of terms agreement and completion of technical, commercial, and contractual work, including front-end engineering design (FEED) and execution of project agreements, AMNI said. The project will now move into engineering, procurement, and construction. The decision marks another step in TotalEnergies’ gas strategy in Nigeria. “After the Ubeta project sanctioned in 2024 and expected to start-up next year, Ima demonstrates again our ability to unlock new low-cost and low-emissions gas resources, following the incentives introduced by the Nigerian Government for non-associated gas developments,” said Nicolas Terraz, president of exploration and production at TotalEnergies. TotalEnergies operates the project with a 40% interest. Amni holds 60%. Amni’s Nigerian portfolio contains more than 60 million bbl of oil

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QatarEnergy NFE LNG Train 1 to start 1H 2027; Ras Laffan repairs to take 3 years

QatarEnergy expects the 8-million tonne/year (tpy) first train of its 32-million tpy North Field East (NFE) LNG expansion project to begin operations in first-half 2027, Reuters reported, noting that the timing of additional trains would depend on ​the Strait of Hormuz crisis. Speaking at the Qatar Economic Forum Special Edition in New York, QatarEnergy chief executive officer (CEO) and Qatari minister of energy affairs, Saad al-Kaabi, attributed the uncertainty to delays in delivering equipment needed for the expansion caused by the Strait of Hormuz disruption. Regarding damage to Qatar’s natural gas infrastructure sustained during the Iran war and its possible return, al-Kaabi said that repairs to the two LNG trains damaged at Ras Laffan (17% of its production capacity) would take 3 years. A damaged gas-to-liquids (GTL) train is expected to return to service first-quarter 2027. Al-Kaabi expects “a few” NFE trains to start production as 2027 progresses, and output from the 16-million tpy North Field South (NFS) expansion to begin in 2028, according to Reuters. The NFE and NFS projects are part of the overall North Field expansion program that also includes the North Field West project, which together will raise Qatar’s LNG production capacity to 142 million tpy from the current 77 million tpy. Al-Kaabi also thanked Qatar’s neighbors for being willing to allow construction of a gas pipeline across their territories to bypass Hormuz, while noting that doing so would be “redundant” and made “no economic sense” in light of the already underway North Field expansion project. “As for resuming operations,” he added, “Qatar is ready to resume normal operations within a few weeks of the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz.” More generally, al-Kaabi rejected the notion that the Strait of Hormuz was obsolete, saying that it “carries trade in all products, not only oil and

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ESENTIA to acquire Guadalajara-Manzanillo natural gas pipeline system

ESENTIA Energy Development SAB de CV, Mexico City, has agreed to acquire 100% of the equity interests of Energía Occidente de México S de RL de CV (EOM) from TC Energy Corp., Calgary, for a gross purchase price of $400 million. EOM owns and operates the 313-km Guadalajara-Manzanillo natural gas pipeline system, which runs from the Guadalajara area in Jalisco to Manzanillo, Colima, and is directly interconnected with ESENTIA’s Villa de Reyes-Aguascalientes-Guadalajara (VAG) pipeline system operated by Esentia Pipeline de Occidente S de RL de CV, an indirect subsidiary of ESENTIA. The pipeline transports up to 500 MMcfd of natural gas, connecting imported LNG supply near Manzanillo and continental gas supply near Guadalajara to power plants and industrial customers in Colima and Jalisco. Upon closing, the acquisition will extend ESENTIA’s pipeline network to the Port of Manzanillo on Mexico’s Pacific coast, making the company the only private operator with an integrated natural gas pipeline system connecting the Permian basin in Texas to Mexico’s Pacific coast, the company said in a release Sept. 21. The deal is part of ESENTIA’s strategy to build a cross-border transportation system and would “expand ESENTIA’s ability to serve existing and prospective customers within the combined system’s area of influence, including demand from power generation, industrial customers and potential LNG-related projects,” said Daniel Bustos, chief executive officer. ESENTIA also highlighted construction of its Aguascalientes Compression Station, which is expected to increase capacity on the VAG pipeline system beginning in early 2027. The project is part of the company’s three-phase expansion plan, which includes a total estimated investment of $680 million and an increase of 660 MMcfd in natural gas transportation capacity. For TC Energy, the transaction creates “optionality to redeploy proceeds from a mature asset towards high-value growth opportunities across our North American footprint,” said François

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Floating Data Centers Move Toward Infrastructure Scale

Rather than constructing the building sequentially on a conventional site, Samsung can fabricate the floating structure and integrate much of the electrical, mechanical and cooling infrastructure in a shipyard. Site work at the eventual mooring location can proceed simultaneously. This has the potential to compress one of the longest parts of the data center development schedule. Modern shipyards already operate as enormous industrialized manufacturing environments capable of constructing highly complex LNG carriers, offshore production platforms and other structures containing power generation, electrical distribution, piping, controls and mechanical systems. Adding a floating data center effectively applies those capabilities to digital infrastructure. Samsung and Mousterian describe the facility as being fabricated off-site to shipyard standards. Instead of pouring foundations and constructing a data center building around the infrastructure, the facility becomes a manufactured asset that can be transported to its operating location. Samsung has also been building a broader development ecosystem around floating data centers. In June, the shipbuilder signed agreements with Greece-based Capital and Lloyd’s Register covering project development, investment sourcing and regulatory requirements, while LR Advisory is working with Samsung on North American market analysis, infrastructure assessments and commercial feasibility. Samsung also entered a joint development project with Supermicro to validate AI server infrastructure for offshore conditions, where vibration, vessel inclination, salt-laden air and rapid humidity changes can affect equipment reliability and lifespan. Samsung says it will develop positioning-control and salt- and humidity-protection technologies while Supermicro conducts operational verification of AI server infrastructure in river and marine environments. Unlocking Power That Data Centers Can’t Reach Mousterian’s model also addresses perhaps the biggest constraint facing today’s data center industry: power. The facilities are intended to be positioned near existing generation and maritime infrastructure, allowing them to reach electrical capacity that may be difficult to serve through a conventional land-based development. The

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Roundtable: Redefining Critical Infrastructure

Matt Vincent is Editor in Chief of Data Center Frontier, where he leads editorial strategy and coverage focused on the infrastructure powering cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and the digital economy. A veteran B2B technology journalist with more than two decades of experience, Vincent specializes in the intersection of data centers, power, cooling, and emerging AI-era infrastructure. Since assuming the EIC role in 2023, he has helped guide Data Center Frontier’s coverage of the industry’s transition into the gigawatt-scale AI era, with a focus on hyperscale development, behind-the-meter power strategies, liquid cooling architectures, and the evolving energy demands of high-density compute, while working closely with the Digital Infrastructure Group at Endeavor Business Media to expand the brand’s analytical and multimedia footprint. Vincent also hosts The Data Center Frontier Show podcast, where he interviews industry leaders across hyperscale, colocation, utilities, and the data center supply chain to examine the technologies and business models reshaping digital infrastructure. Since its inception he serves as Head of Content for the Data Center Frontier Trends Summit. Before becoming Editor in Chief, he served in multiple senior editorial roles across Endeavor Business Media’s digital infrastructure portfolio, with coverage spanning data centers and hyperscale infrastructure, structured cabling and networking, telecom and datacom, IP physical security, and wireless and Pro AV markets. He began his career in 2005 within PennWell’s Advanced Technology Division and later held senior editorial positions supporting brands such as Cabling Installation & Maintenance, Lightwave Online, Broadband Technology Report, and Smart Buildings Technology. Vincent is a frequent moderator, interviewer, and keynote speaker at industry events including the HPC Forum, where he delivers forward-looking analysis on how AI and high-performance computing are reshaping digital infrastructure. He graduated with honors from Indiana University Bloomington with a B.A. in English Literature and Creative Writing and lives in southern New Hampshire with

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How Communities Can Plan for AI Data Centers Before the Projects Arrive

The collision between AI infrastructure development and community opposition has become one of the defining data center stories of 2026. Developers are pursuing larger campuses, more power and compressed delivery schedules as AI accelerates demand for computing capacity. Meanwhile, local planning boards, elected officials and residents are increasingly being asked to make decisions about facilities whose scale, energy requirements and technological purpose may be unlike anything previously contemplated in their comprehensive plans. That gap is where Ilissa Miller believes much of the conflict begins. Miller, founder and CEO of iMiller Public Relations and a board member of the Open Infrastructure Exchange (OIX), joined the Data Center Frontier Show to discuss the OIX Digital Infrastructure Framework, an effort designed to give municipalities a more systematic way to think about data centers and other digital infrastructure before an individual development application lands in front of them. The idea is straightforward: communities routinely create long-range plans defining where homes, commercial development, industry and other land uses should go. Digital infrastructure should be part of that process as well. “Our vision for the framework was to help solve the problem by empowering communities to think about digital infrastructure,” Miller said, so municipalities can incorporate it into their comprehensive master plans and maintain control over how land is ultimately used. That distinction is key. The framework is not intended to convince communities to approve data centers. Nor does it prescribe what a town or county should decide. Instead, Miller said, it is meant to help public officials ask the right questions early enough to make those decisions deliberately. The Data Center May Not Be in the Plan One of the industry’s recurring problems is deceptively basic: many municipalities never anticipated data centers when writing their zoning codes and comprehensive plans. A parcel might already be

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Executive Roundtable: AI Infrastructure Under Pressure

Matt Vincent is Editor in Chief of Data Center Frontier, where he leads editorial strategy and coverage focused on the infrastructure powering cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and the digital economy. A veteran B2B technology journalist with more than two decades of experience, Vincent specializes in the intersection of data centers, power, cooling, and emerging AI-era infrastructure. Since assuming the EIC role in 2023, he has helped guide Data Center Frontier’s coverage of the industry’s transition into the gigawatt-scale AI era, with a focus on hyperscale development, behind-the-meter power strategies, liquid cooling architectures, and the evolving energy demands of high-density compute, while working closely with the Digital Infrastructure Group at Endeavor Business Media to expand the brand’s analytical and multimedia footprint. Vincent also hosts The Data Center Frontier Show podcast, where he interviews industry leaders across hyperscale, colocation, utilities, and the data center supply chain to examine the technologies and business models reshaping digital infrastructure. Since its inception he serves as Head of Content for the Data Center Frontier Trends Summit. Before becoming Editor in Chief, he served in multiple senior editorial roles across Endeavor Business Media’s digital infrastructure portfolio, with coverage spanning data centers and hyperscale infrastructure, structured cabling and networking, telecom and datacom, IP physical security, and wireless and Pro AV markets. He began his career in 2005 within PennWell’s Advanced Technology Division and later held senior editorial positions supporting brands such as Cabling Installation & Maintenance, Lightwave Online, Broadband Technology Report, and Smart Buildings Technology. Vincent is a frequent moderator, interviewer, and keynote speaker at industry events including the HPC Forum, where he delivers forward-looking analysis on how AI and high-performance computing are reshaping digital infrastructure. He graduated with honors from Indiana University Bloomington with a B.A. in English Literature and Creative Writing and lives in southern New Hampshire with

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California joins US states clamping down on data center gold rush

“Dismissing fears around water consumption, for example, by showing a spreadsheet at a local planning committee meeting, doesn’t resolve concerns for a community that is already suspicious,” he said. Community opposition “is real, and it’s everywhere,” and the new strategic pillar for data center builders and operators is social outreach, Kimball noted. Those proposing data centers must be able to provide credible answers about usage and community impacts, listen to concerns, and commit to transparency. Most enterprises aren’t building gigawatt campuses, he pointed out, but they are paying the price downstream in colocation availability, lead times, pricing, and other factors. Predictability is the big question, supply is already tight, and every delayed project removes capacity factored into forecasts.

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Communities are blocking data centers before they’re even proposed

“Dismissing fears around water consumption, for example, by showing a spreadsheet at a local planning committee meeting, doesn’t resolve concerns for a community that is already suspicious,” he said. Community opposition “is real, and it’s everywhere,” and the new strategic pillar for data center builders and operators is social outreach, Kimball noted. Those proposing data centers must be able to provide credible answers about usage and community impacts, listen to concerns, and commit to transparency. Most enterprises aren’t building gigawatt campuses, he pointed out, but they are paying the price downstream in colocation availability, lead times, pricing, and other factors. Predictability is the big question, supply is already tight, and every delayed project removes capacity factored into forecasts.

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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