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The Download: Google playing AI search catchup, and forming relationships with chatbots

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology. Is Google playing catchup on search with OpenAI? —Mat Honan I’ve been mulling over something that Will Heaven, our senior editor for AI, pointed out not too long ago: all the big players in AI seem to be moving in the same directions and converging on the same things. Agents. Deep research. Lightweight versions of models. Etc.Google is no different. It’s just announced it’s adding new AI features from Gemini to search, and adding search features to Gemini.  What strikes me more than how well they work is that they are really just about catching up with OpenAI’s ChatGPT.  And their belated appearance in March of the year 2025 doesn’t seem like a great sign for Google. Read the full story. This story originally appeared in The Debrief with Mat Honan, a weekly newsletter about the biggest stories in tech from our editor in chief. Sign up here to get the next one in your inbox on Friday. If you’re interested in reading more about AI search, check out the following stories:  + Generative AI search was one of MIT Technology Review’s 10 Breakthrough Technologies for 2025. Read more about why it made the cut for this year’s list. + AI means the end of internet search as we’ve known it. Despite fewer clicks, copyright fights, and sometimes iffy answers, AI could unlock new ways to summon all the world’s knowledge.+ AI search could break the web. Developers should act before governments fall back on blunt tools. Read the full story.+ Why Google’s AI Overviews gets things wrong. The feature provides brief, AI-generated summaries highlighting key information and links on top of search results. Unfortunately, it’s also unreliable.+ Why you shouldn’t trust AI search engines. Read the full story. AI chatbots have joined the chat Chatbots are changing how we connect to each other and ourselves. But are these changes for the better, and how should they be monitored and regulated?To learn more, join me for a live Roundtable session this Thursday at 12pm ET. I’ll be chatting with MIT Technology Review editor Rachel Courtland and senior reporter Eileen Guo, and we’ll be unpacking the landscape around chatbots. Register to ensure you don’t miss out! The must-reads I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology. 1 How Trump’s foreign aid cuts will hurt millions of peoples’ healthThe world is going to struggle to cope with the loss of US support. (Vox)+ Hundreds of thousands of people are likely to lose their lives as a result. (New Yorker $)+ The cuts could cause tuberculosis to become untreatable again. (The Atlantic $)+ Top scientific universities are being forced to slash jobs. (The Guardian)+ Pregnant women may die because of cuts to reproductive care. (MIT Technology Review)2 Left-leaning Americans are abandoning TeslaAnd conservatives face an uphill climb to plug the sales gap. (NYT $)+ The company is turning its back on the typically pro-EV buyers that made it a success. (WP $)3 VC firms are rushing to invest in Israeli startupsThey’re betting that the firms are likely to do future business with the US. (WSJ $)+ Here’s the defense tech at the center of US aid to Israel, Ukraine, and Taiwan. (MIT Technology Review) 4 NASA is scheduled to return the two stranded astronauts on TuesdayA new crew arrived to relieve them of their duties over the weekend. (NPR)+ Let’s see if they make it home this week or not. (Ars Technica)+ Space travel is seriously hard on the human body. (WP $) 5 Baidu’s new reasoning AI model is designed to challenge DeepSeekIt claims Ernie X1 offers the same performance at half the price. (Insider $)+ DeepSeek’s shock success is sparking a new wave of AI investment. (Bloomberg $)+ Four Chinese AI startups to watch beyond DeepSeek. (MIT Technology Review) 6 Alphabet has big plans for its laser-based internet projectTaara has been spun out of its moonshot incubator and into the real world. (FT $)+ It’s a rival to Musk’s Starlink network. (The Verge) 7 What if Bitcoin’s mysterious creator is just a loser?As the trail grows older, all signs point towards the shadowy figure being… a bit of a jerk. (NY Mag $) 8 Drone shows are bringing 3D artists’ ideas to lifeThe only problem is, they come with a safety warning. (Rest of World) 9 Google’s new Gemini AI model can remove watermarks from imagesNaughty, naughty. (TechCrunch)+ It’s easy to tamper with watermarks from AI-generated text. (MIT Technology Review) 10 What is vibe coding, exactly?Developers are giving in and letting AI dictate its own path. (The Information $) Quote of the day  “To a lot of people, putting Elon Musk in charge of protecting the middle class is like putting Jeffrey Dahmer in charge of protecting a morgue.” —Jesse Ferguson, a Democratic strategist, explains why Elon Musk’s unpopular actions are likely to become a problem for the Trump administration, the Guardian reports. The big story How covid conspiracies led to an alarming resurgence in AIDS denialism August 2024Several million people were listening in February when Joe Rogan falsely declared that “party drugs” were an “important factor in AIDS.” His guest on The Joe Rogan Experience, the former evolutionary biology professor turned contrarian podcaster Bret Weinstein, agreed with him.Speaking to the biggest podcast audience in the world, the two men were promoting dangerous and false ideas—ideas that were in fact debunked and thoroughly disproved decades ago.These comments and others like them add up to a small but unmistakable resurgence in AIDS denialism—a false collection of theories arguing either that HIV doesn’t cause AIDS or that there’s no such thing as HIV at all.These claims had largely fallen out of favor until the coronavirus arrived. But, following the pandemic, a renewed suspicion of public health figures and agencies is giving new life to ideas that had long ago been pushed to the margins. Read the full story.—Anna Merlan We can still have nice things A place for comfort, fun and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line or skeet ’em at me.) + Happy St Patrick’s Day, if you’re celebrating today!+ This newsreader losing it over the name of an inspirational pig is the most entertaining thing you’ll see today 🐖+ These one-pot pasta dishes are exactly the kind of low-maintenance recipes you need for a weekday dinner.+ Do you snerdle? Me neither.

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology.

Is Google playing catchup on search with OpenAI?

—Mat Honan

I’ve been mulling over something that Will Heaven, our senior editor for AI, pointed out not too long ago: all the big players in AI seem to be moving in the same directions and converging on the same things. Agents. Deep research. Lightweight versions of models. Etc.

Google is no different. It’s just announced it’s adding new AI features from Gemini to search, and adding search features to Gemini. 

What strikes me more than how well they work is that they are really just about catching up with OpenAI’s ChatGPT.  And their belated appearance in March of the year 2025 doesn’t seem like a great sign for Google. Read the full story.

This story originally appeared in The Debrief with Mat Honan, a weekly newsletter about the biggest stories in tech from our editor in chief. Sign up here to get the next one in your inbox on Friday.

If you’re interested in reading more about AI search, check out the following stories: 

+ Generative AI search was one of MIT Technology Review’s 10 Breakthrough Technologies for 2025. Read more about why it made the cut for this year’s list. + AI means the end of internet search as we’ve known it. Despite fewer clicks, copyright fights, and sometimes iffy answers, AI could unlock new ways to summon all the world’s knowledge.

+ AI search could break the web. Developers should act before governments fall back on blunt tools. Read the full story.

+ Why Google’s AI Overviews gets things wrong. The feature provides brief, AI-generated summaries highlighting key information and links on top of search results. Unfortunately, it’s also unreliable.

+ Why you shouldn’t trust AI search engines. Read the full story.

AI chatbots have joined the chat

Chatbots are changing how we connect to each other and ourselves. But are these changes for the better, and how should they be monitored and regulated?

To learn more, join me for a live Roundtable session this Thursday at 12pm ET. I’ll be chatting with MIT Technology Review editor Rachel Courtland and senior reporter Eileen Guo, and we’ll be unpacking the landscape around chatbots. Register to ensure you don’t miss out!

The must-reads

I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology.

1 How Trump’s foreign aid cuts will hurt millions of peoples’ health
The world is going to struggle to cope with the loss of US support. (Vox)
+ Hundreds of thousands of people are likely to lose their lives as a result. (New Yorker $)
+ The cuts could cause tuberculosis to become untreatable again. (The Atlantic $)
+ Top scientific universities are being forced to slash jobs. (The Guardian)
+ Pregnant women may die because of cuts to reproductive care. (MIT Technology Review)

2 Left-leaning Americans are abandoning Tesla
And conservatives face an uphill climb to plug the sales gap. (NYT $)
+ The company is turning its back on the typically pro-EV buyers that made it a success. (WP $)

3 VC firms are rushing to invest in Israeli startups
They’re betting that the firms are likely to do future business with the US. (WSJ $)
+ Here’s the defense tech at the center of US aid to Israel, Ukraine, and Taiwan. (MIT Technology Review)

4 NASA is scheduled to return the two stranded astronauts on Tuesday
A new crew arrived to relieve them of their duties over the weekend. (NPR)
+ Let’s see if they make it home this week or not. (Ars Technica)
+ Space travel is seriously hard on the human body. (WP $)

5 Baidu’s new reasoning AI model is designed to challenge DeepSeek
It claims Ernie X1 offers the same performance at half the price. (Insider $)
+ DeepSeek’s shock success is sparking a new wave of AI investment. (Bloomberg $)
+ Four Chinese AI startups to watch beyond DeepSeek. (MIT Technology Review)

6 Alphabet has big plans for its laser-based internet project
Taara has been spun out of its moonshot incubator and into the real world. (FT $)
+ It’s a rival to Musk’s Starlink network. (The Verge)

7 What if Bitcoin’s mysterious creator is just a loser?
As the trail grows older, all signs point towards the shadowy figure being… a bit of a jerk. (NY Mag $)

8 Drone shows are bringing 3D artists’ ideas to life
The only problem is, they come with a safety warning. (Rest of World)

9 Google’s new Gemini AI model can remove watermarks from images
Naughty, naughty. (TechCrunch)
+ It’s easy to tamper with watermarks from AI-generated text. (MIT Technology Review)

10 What is vibe coding, exactly?
Developers are giving in and letting AI dictate its own path. (The Information $)

Quote of the day

 “To a lot of people, putting Elon Musk in charge of protecting the middle class is like putting Jeffrey Dahmer in charge of protecting a morgue.”

—Jesse Ferguson, a Democratic strategist, explains why Elon Musk’s unpopular actions are likely to become a problem for the Trump administration, the Guardian reports.

The big story

How covid conspiracies led to an alarming resurgence in AIDS denialism

August 2024

Several million people were listening in February when Joe Rogan falsely declared that “party drugs” were an “important factor in AIDS.” His guest on The Joe Rogan Experience, the former evolutionary biology professor turned contrarian podcaster Bret Weinstein, agreed with him.

Speaking to the biggest podcast audience in the world, the two men were promoting dangerous and false ideas—ideas that were in fact debunked and thoroughly disproved decades ago.

These comments and others like them add up to a small but unmistakable resurgence in AIDS denialism—a false collection of theories arguing either that HIV doesn’t cause AIDS or that there’s no such thing as HIV at all.

These claims had largely fallen out of favor until the coronavirus arrived. But, following the pandemic, a renewed suspicion of public health figures and agencies is giving new life to ideas that had long ago been pushed to the margins. Read the full story.

—Anna Merlan

We can still have nice things

A place for comfort, fun and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line or skeet ’em at me.)

+ Happy St Patrick’s Day, if you’re celebrating today!
+ This newsreader losing it over the name of an inspirational pig is the most entertaining thing you’ll see today 🐖
+ These one-pot pasta dishes are exactly the kind of low-maintenance recipes you need for a weekday dinner.
+ Do you snerdle? Me neither.

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IonQ, Alice & Bob roll out quantum breakthroughs

“And therefore, does bring us closer to escape velocity,” he added. “When this will happen, and we’ll be able to present an Alice & Bob’s logical qubit under threshold depends on a variety of factors, but we can openly say that this is the current big work happening in the

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Bad data in, bad data out: Protecting your investment in ADMS

Congratulations! Your utility has successfully implemented a cutting-edge ADMS application. Your GIS team has spent months working closely with the implementation team to clean and correct the data within the GIS application. The teams have validated voltage and phasing, eliminated loops, resolved open points, populated missing attribution with default values,

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EPA to end environmental justice programs, monitoring tools

Dive Brief: The Trump administration announced Wednesday it will shut down all environmental justice offices and officially end other EJ-related initiatives, a move that will impact how waste and recycling industries measure and track their environmental impact on neighboring communities. The closures include the EPA’s Office of Environmental Justice and

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Israel, Azerbaijan Step Up Alliance With Gas Exploration Deal

Azerbaijan will on Monday sign agreements to explore for natural gas in Israeli waters, highlighting a key strategic alliance between the two countries amid turbulence in the region. A consortium of Azeri state company Socar, BP Plc and Israel’s NewMed Energy LP will get the right to explore in one offshore block, in a signing overseen by Azerbaijan Economy Minister Mikayil Jabbarov and Israeli Energy Minister Eli Cohen, according to the Israeli energy ministry. The agreement gives Socar another foothold in important Israeli assets after the company bought a 10% stake in the Tamar gas field earlier this year. The deal comes at a time when Israel has been trying to deepen ties with Azerbaijan to help counter neighboring Iran. Israel and Azerbaijan are also dependent on each other for energy and defense equipment. Baku has maintained relations with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government as the war in the Middle East has pitted Israel against Iran and the militant groups it backs. The Socar consortium won the exploration rights in October 2023, but the Israel-Hamas war that kicked off that month delayed the signing of the contract. The companies will now have three years to conduct seismic surveys in the block to study the possibility of the presence of gas reserves.       Jabbarov’s visit to Jerusalem is the first for an Azerbaijani minister since the start of the war. Israel was the sixth-biggest buyer of oil from Azerbaijan last year, with sales totaling $713 million, according to a report in caliber.az, which cited data from the State Customs Committee.  The new exploration licenses will be for the so-called Cluster I, an area covering some 1,700 square kilometers in the northern part of Israel’s economic waters. The area “has hardly been explored in the past in terms of natural

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The Hitachi Interview: Laura Fleming, country managing director, UK and Ireland

In an exclusive interview with Energy Voice, Hitachi Energy country managing director for UK and Ireland, Laura Fleming, explains how the UK must aim to transition – not switch – away from oil and gas, and the immediate priorities to achieve Labour’s clean power vision. In the UK, Hitachi Energy is heavily focused on the wind sector and enabling the flow of electricity from wind farms to locations where it can find end users. Hitachi provides the connection for Dogger Bank Wind Farm and the Shetland Grid, among others. Energy Voice: From your previous experience working on offshore interconnector projects, what are the biggest priorities and opportunities for the UK right now? Laura Fleming: The main priority for the UK right now is to ensure that each GW of renewable energy is matched by investment in the grid. Growth in grid capacity is the key to unlocking growth in renewables. Grid capacity must move in lockstep with the growth of renewables. Rapid investment in a more sustainable, flexible and secure energy system is vital to the UK achieving clean power by 2030, kickstarting economic growth and achieving cheaper power. At Hitachi Energy, we are playing our part by working with the government, our customers and partners to deliver electricity networks that will enable the UK to become a clean energy superpower. Investment in grid capacity will allow the UK to capture the enormous growth opportunity from a net-zero grid. To deliver this, the priority should be on delivering the Transmission Acceleration Action Plan and the Clean Power 2030 Action Plan with rapid unblocking of grid connections that risk holding back renewable energy projects. As I mentioned, the UK has the opportunity to capture the enormous growth opportunity from the net-zero grid. To do this, we need incentives to support and

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North America Cuts 35 Rigs Week on Week

North America dropped 35 rigs week on week, according to Baker Hughes’ latest North America rotary rig count, which was released on March 14. Although the total U.S. rig count remained unchanged week on week, Canada’s total rig count dropped by 35 during the same period, taking the total North America rig count down to 791, comprising 592 rigs from the U.S. and 199 from Canada, the count outlined. Of the total U.S. rig count of 592, 576 rigs are categorized as land rigs, 14 are categorized as offshore rigs, and two are categorized as inland water rigs. The total U.S. rig count is made up of 487 oil rigs, 100 gas rigs, and five miscellaneous rigs, according to the count, which revealed that the U.S. total comprises 530 horizontal rigs, 50 directional rigs, and 12 vertical rigs. Week on week, the U.S. land rig count, offshore rig count, and inland water rig count remained unchanged, the count highlighted. The U.S. gas rig count decreased by one, its oil rig count increased by one, and its miscellaneous rig count remained unchanged, week on week, the count showed. Baker Hughes’ count revealed that the U.S. horizontal rig count decreased by one week on week, while the country’s directional rig count increased by one and its vertical rig count remained unchanged during the period. A major state variances subcategory included in the rig count showed that, week on week, New Mexico dropped three rigs and Oklahoma added two rigs. A major basin variances subcategory included in Baker Hughes’ rig count showed that the Permian basin dropped three rigs, the Eagle Ford basin dropped one rig, the Granite Wash basin added two rigs, and the Williston basin added one rig, week on week. Canada’s total rig count of 199 is made up of

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Goldman Cuts Oil Forecasts on Slow USA Growth, OPEC+ Policy

Goldman Sachs Group Inc. cut its oil price forecasts, as tariffs reduce the outlook for US growth while OPEC and its allies boost output. The move follows a drop in crude prices from this year’s high in January on plentiful supply, a weak demand outlook from top importer China and an escalating international trade war.  “While the $10 a barrel sellof since mid-January is larger than the change in our base case fundamentals, we reduce by $5 our December 2025 forecast for Brent to $71,” Goldman analysts including Daan Struyven said in the note dated Sunday. “The medium-term risks to our forecast remain to the downside given potential further tariff escalation and potentially longer OPEC+ production increases.” Some of the world’s biggest oil traders have turned increasingly bearish, with the likes of Vitol Group and Gunvor Group forecasting oversupply. The International Energy Agency said last week that demand is being eroded by the escalating trade war and the pledge by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies to increase shipments, forecasting a surplus of 600,000 barrels this year — or about 0.6% of daily global consumption. However, Goldman Sachs said it expects prices to recover “modestly” in the coming months as US economic growth remains resilient for now, and Washington’s sanctions regime is showing no immediate signs of easing. Other geopolitical risks remain, including the latest US order to attack sites in Yemen controlled by the Houthis as they continue menacing Red Sea shipping. Oil demand will rise 900,000 barrels a day in January, 18% less than a previous forecast, Goldman said. Brent will trade in a range of $65 to $80 a barrel, and average $68 next year, the bank said. WHAT DO YOU THINK? Generated by readers, the comments included herein do not reflect the views and opinions of Rigzone. All comments

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Murphy Buys BW Pioneer FPSO for $125 Million

Murphy Oil Corporation has signed an agreement to acquire the BW Pioneer floating production storage and offloading vessel (FPSO). The company said in a media release that it has agreed to pay $125 million to BW Offshore for the unit, with an initial payment of $100 million due upon delivery by the end of the first quarter of 2025. The remaining balance is payable once specific contractual obligations are fulfilled, anticipated by the end of the second quarter of 2025. Murphy also said the FPSO BW Pioneer will stay where it is, aiding operations at the Cascade field (Walker Ridge 206 and 250) and the Chinook field (Walker Ridge 469 and 425) in the Gulf of Mexico. BW Offshore will keep offering operations and maintenance services through a new five-year reimbursable contract. “I am pleased to announce this value-creating transaction with BW Offshore, a top FPSO operator with a strong safety culture, and I look forward to continuing our partnership. By acquiring the FPSO and restructuring our contract, we will achieve a material reduction in operating costs of nearly $60 million annually with a payback of about two years independent of oil price, while enhancing returns for future infield development and exploration and increasing net proved developed reserves by approximately 8 million barrels of oil equivalent”, Eric M. Hambly, President and Chief Executive Officer of Murphy Oil, said. “It is also important to note that the purchase price was included in our 2025 capital expenditure guidance range of $1,135 million to $1,285 million. “Further, the FPSO is located in the prolific Wilcox trend, allowing for operated and non-operated exploration prospects to tie back to a cost-advantaged facility”. BW Pioneer, the first FPSO approved in the Gulf of Mexico, has been in service since 2009. It has a storage capacity of

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Tokamak Energy to expand nuclear fusion partnerships with Eni, Japanese strategics

UK fusion technology developer Tokamak Energy plans to expand its global partnerships as it commercialises nuclear fusion based power generation. In an exclusive interview with Energy Voice, Tokamak Energy chief executive Warrick Matthews stressed the need to “get the right partnerships on board”. Matthews, who joined the company in 2022 from Rolls-Royce where he was chief procurement officer for the civil aerospace division, said such partnerships will be instrumental in the growth of the business and commercialising its core technology. Tokamak Energy has already partnered with a raft of companies as part of its work on a UK government-backed programme to develop nuclear fusion at scale. Its partners on the Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) programme include Italian energy supplier Eni, nuclear manufacturer Westinghouse, and engineering companies AtkinsRéalis and Momentum. Matthews said it could expand its partnership with Eni in the future in connection with its role as an energy supplier. “We’re partnering to bring value to the STEP programme in the UK,” Matthews said of the partnership with Eni. “It’s a public-private partnership, so it’s actually looking to industry players to come together in consortia and be a large part of developing the technology; but also, building the supply chain so you can roll out these devices in the future. That’s where we’ll be working together strongly.” “And we’re looking at more broadly at wider partnerships, but for the future,” he added. “Eni is a partner, so we would work together.” Going global Matthews indicated that Tokamak and the Italian energy supplier could partner on a possible rollout of fusion technology in Europe. “Eni is very proactively investing in fusion and developing technology. It wants to operate fusion plants in the future and it doesn’t want to operate a black box. They want to be an expert.” Tokamak Energy is also

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Enterprises reevaluate virtualization strategies amid Broadcom uncertainty

This dilemma of whether to absorb the Broadcom price hikes or embark on the arduous and risky journey of untangling from the VMware ecosystem is triggering a broader C-level conversation around virtualization strategy. “For enterprises navigating this uncertainly, the challenge isn’t just finding a replacement for VMware. IT shops of all sizes see Broadcom’s actions as an opportunity to rethink their approach to virtualization, cloud strategy and IT modernization,” says Steve McDowell, chief analyst at NAND Research. Elliot says that server virtualization has been taken for granted for a long time, and the Broadcom-driven wake-up call is forcing organizations to reevaluate their virtualization strategies at the board level. “That kind of strategic conversation hasn’t happened for years. Customers are saying, ‘What can we do as this platform emerges from VMware. How do we think about this relative to our multi-cloud strategy and private cloud and the efficiencies we can gain? Let’s talk about risk reduction. Let’s talk about platform strategy.’ This is an opportunity to identify business value. It’s triggering this plethora of swim lanes.” Check the waters before diving in While there are multiple alternatives to the VMware platform, none of them are as good from a feature perspective, and there’s a risk associated with moving off a tried-and-true platform. In estimating the cost of a large-scale VMware migration, Gartner cautions: “VMware’s server virtualization platform has become the point of integration for its customers across server, storage and network infrastructure in the data center. Equally, it is a focus of IT operational duties including workload provisioning, backup and disaster recovery. Migrating from VMware’s server virtualization platform would require untangling many aspects of these investments.” It would take a midsize enterprise at least two years to untangle much of its dependency upon VMware, and it could take a large enterprise

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5 alternatives to VMware vSphere virtualization platform

Nutanix – which is actively courting disgruntled VMware customers – provides storage services that aggregate storage in a global pool that enables any VM to access and consume storage resources. Features include compression, deduplication, high-availability and snapshots. Enterprises running high-performance databases often require external storage arrays, and Nutanix has addressed that need by certifying storage with SAP HANA and Oracle RAC. (Read more: Cisco, Nutanix strengthen joint HCI package) 4. Scale Computing Platform Scale provides an all-in-one hardware and software package that includes all software licenses. Software features offered at no additional charge include high-availability clustering, built-in disaster recovery, replication and software-defined storage. Scale also offers a tool to automate migrations off vSphere, a centralized management feature for HCI clusters, and the ability to mix and match dissimilar hardware appliances in a cluster. In addition, all storage is pooled. Last summer, Scale Computing said in a quarterly earnings announcement that sales have taken off, thanks in part to Broadcom’s changes to VMware sales operations.  5. VergeIO VergeIO takes HCI to the next level with something it calls ultraconverged infrastructure (UCI). This means VergeIO can not only virtualize the normal stack of compute, networking and storage, it can also implement multi-tenancy, creating multiple virtual data centers (VDCs). Each VDC has its own compute, network, storage, management and VergeOS assigned to it. Enterprises can manage and use each VDC much like the virtual private clouds offered by the hyperscalers. VergeIO says this model creates greater workload density, which means lower costs, improved availability, and simplified IT.

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IBM laying foundation for mainframe as ultimate AI server

“It will truly change what customers are able to do with AI,” Stowell said. IBM’s mainframe processors The next generation of processors is expected to continue a long history of generation-to-generation improvements, IBM stated in a new white paper on AI and the mainframe. “They are projected to clock in at 5.5 GHz. and include ten 36 MB level 2 caches. They’ll feature built-in low-latency data processing for accelerated I/O as well as a completely redesigned cache and chip-interconnection infrastructure for more on-chip cache and compute capacity,” IBM wrote.  Today’s mainframes also have extensions and accelerators that integrate with the core systems. These specialized add-ons are designed to enable the adoption of technologies such as Java, cloud and AI by accelerating computing paradigms that are essential for high-volume, low-latency transaction processing, IBM wrote.  “The next crop of AI accelerators are expected to be significantly enhanced—with each accelerator designed to deliver 4 times more compute power, reaching 24 trillion operations per second (TOPS),” IBM wrote. “The I/O and cache improvements will enable even faster processing and analysis of large amounts of data and consolidation of workloads running across multiple servers, for savings in data center space and power costs. And the new accelerators will provide increased capacity to enable additional transaction clock time to perform enhanced in-transaction AI inferencing.” In addition, the next generation of the accelerator architecture is expected to be more efficient for AI tasks. “Unlike standard CPUs, the chip architecture will have a simpler layout, designed to send data directly from one compute engine, and use a range of lower- precision numeric formats. These enhancements are expected to make running AI models more energy efficient and far less memory intensive. As a result, mainframe users can leverage much more complex AI models and perform AI inferencing at a greater scale

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VergeIO enhances VergeFabric network virtualization offering

VergeIO is not, however, using an off-the-shelf version of KVM. Rather, it is using what Crump referred to as a heavily modified KVM hypervisor base, with significant proprietary enhancements while still maintaining connections to the open-source community. VergeIO’s deployment profile is currently 70% on premises and about 30% via bare-metal service providers, with a particularly strong following among cloud service providers that host applications for their customers. The software requires direct hardware access due to its low-level integration with physical resources. “Since November of 2023, the normal number one customer we’re attracting right now is guys that have had a heart attack when they got their VMware renewal license,” Crump said. “The more of the stack you own, the better our story becomes.” A 2024 report from Data Center Intelligence Group (DCIG) identified VergeOS as one of the top 5 alternatives to VMware. “VergeIO starts by installing VergeOS on bare metal servers,” the report stated. “It then brings the servers’ hardware resources under its management, catalogs these resources, and makes them available to VMs. By directly accessing and managing the server’s hardware resources, it optimizes them in ways other hypervisors often cannot.” Advanced networking features in VergeFabric VergeFabric is the networking component within the VergeOS ecosystem, providing software-defined networking capabilities as an integrated service rather than as a separate virtual machine or application.

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Podcast: On the Frontier of Modular Edge AI Data Centers with Flexnode’s Andrew Lindsey

The modular data center industry is undergoing a seismic shift in the age of AI, and few are as deeply embedded in this transformation as Andrew Lindsey, Co-Founder and CEO of Flexnode. In a recent episode of the Data Center Frontier Show podcast, Lindsey joined Editor-in-Chief Matt Vincent and Senior Editor David Chernicoff to discuss the evolution of modular data centers, the growing demand for high-density liquid-cooled solutions, and the industry factors driving this momentum. A Background Rooted in Innovation Lindsey’s career has been defined by the intersection of technology and the built environment. Prior to launching Flexnode, he worked at Alpha Corporation, a top 100 engineering and construction management firm founded by his father in 1979. His early career involved spearheading technology adoption within the firm, with a focus on high-security infrastructure for both government and private clients. Recognizing a massive opportunity in the data center space, Lindsey saw a need for an innovative approach to infrastructure deployment. “The construction industry is relatively uninnovative,” he explained, citing a McKinsey study that ranked construction as the second least-digitized industry—just above fishing and wildlife, which remains deliberately undigitized. Given the billions of square feet of data center infrastructure required in a relatively short timeframe, Lindsey set out to streamline and modernize the process. Founded four years ago, Flexnode delivers modular data centers with a fully integrated approach, handling everything from site selection to design, engineering, manufacturing, deployment, operations, and even end-of-life decommissioning. Their core mission is to provide an “easy button” for high-density computing solutions, including cloud and dedicated GPU infrastructure, allowing faster and more efficient deployment of modular data centers. The Rising Momentum for Modular Data Centers As Vincent noted, Data Center Frontier has closely tracked the increasing traction of modular infrastructure. Lindsey has been at the forefront of this

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Last Energy to Deploy 30 Microreactors in Texas for Data Centers

As the demand for data center power surges in Texas, nuclear startup Last Energy has now announced plans to build 30 microreactors in the state’s Haskell County near the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. The reactors will serve a growing customer base of data center operators in the region looking for reliable, carbon-free energy. The plan marks Last Energy’s largest project to date and a significant step in advancing modular nuclear power as a viable solution for high-density computing infrastructure. Meeting the Looming Power Demands of Texas Data Centers Texas is already home to over 340 data centers, with significant expansion underway. Google is increasing its data center footprint in Dallas, while OpenAI’s Stargate has announced plans for a new facility in Abilene, just an hour south of Last Energy’s planned site. The company notes the Dallas-Fort Worth metro area alone is projected to require an additional 43 gigawatts of power in the coming years, far surpassing current grid capacity. To help remediate, Last Energy has secured a 200+ acre site in Haskell County, approximately three and a half hours west of Dallas. The company has also filed for a grid connection with ERCOT, with plans to deliver power via a mix of private wire and grid transmission. Additionally, Last Energy has begun pre-application engagement with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for an Early Site Permit, a key step in securing regulatory approval. According to Last Energy CEO Bret Kugelmass, the company’s modular approach is designed to bring nuclear energy online faster than traditional projects. “Nuclear power is the most effective way to meet Texas’ growing energy demand, but it needs to be deployed faster and at scale,” Kugelmass said. “Our microreactors are designed to be plug-and-play, enabling data center operators to bypass the constraints of an overloaded grid.” Scaling Nuclear for

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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