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The rise of browser-use agents: Why Convergence’s Proxy is beating OpenAI’s Operator

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More A new wave of AI-powered browser-use agents is emerging, promising to transform how enterprises interact with the web. These agents can autonomously navigate websites, retrieve information, and even complete transactions – but early testing reveals significant […]

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A new wave of AI-powered browser-use agents is emerging, promising to transform how enterprises interact with the web. These agents can autonomously navigate websites, retrieve information, and even complete transactions – but early testing reveals significant gaps between promise and performance.

While consumer examples offered by OpenAI’s new browser-use agent Operator, like ordering pizza or buying game tickets, have grabbed headlines, the question is about where the main developer and enterprise use cases are. “The thing that we don’t know is what will be the killer app,” said Sam Witteveen, co-founder of Red Dragon, a company that develops AI agent applications. “My guess is it’s going to be things that just take time on the web that you don’t actually enjoy.” This includes things like going on the web and searching for the cheapest price of a product or booking the best hotel accommodations. More likely it will be used in combination with other tools like Deep Research, where companies can then do even more sophisticated research plus execution of tasks around the web.

Companies need to carefully evaluate the rapidly evolving landscape as established players and startups take different approaches to solving the autonomous browsing challenge.

Key players in the browser-use agent landscape

The field has quickly become crowded with both major tech companies and innovative startups:

Operator and Proxy are the most advanced, in terms of being consumer-friendly and out-of-the-box ready. Many of the others appear to be positioning themselves more for developer or enterprise usage. For example, Browser Use, a Y-Combinator startup that allows users to customize the models used with the agent. This gives you more control over how the agent works, including using a model from your local machine. But it’s definitely more involved.

The others listed above provide a varying degree of functionality and interaction with local machine resources. I decided not even to test ByteDance’s UI-TARS for now, because it requested lower level access to my machine’s security and privacy features (if I test it out, I’ll definitely use a secondary computer). 

Testing reveals reasoning challenges

So the easiest to test are OpenAI’s Operator and Convergence’s Proxy. In our testing, the results highlighted how reasoning capabilities can matter more than raw automation features. Operator, in particular, was more buggy.

For example, I asked the agents to find and summarize VentureBeat’s five most popular stories. It was an ambiguous task, because VentureBeat doesn’t have a “most popular” section per se. Operator struggled with this. It first fell into an infinite scrolling loop while searching for ‘most popular’ stories, requiring manual intervention. In another attempt, it found a three-year-old article titled “Top five stories of the week.” In contrast, Proxy demonstrated better reasoning by identifying the five most visible stories on the homepage as a practical proxy for popularity, and it gave accurate summaries.

The distinction became even clearer in real-world tasks. I asked the agents to book a reservation at a romantic restaurant for noon in Napa, California. Operator approached the task linearly — finding a romantic restaurant first, then checking availability at noon. When no tables were available, it reached a dead end. Proxy showed more sophisticated reasoning by starting with OpenTable to find restaurants that were both romantic and available at the desired time. It even came back with a slightly better rated restaurant.

Even seemingly simple tasks revealed important differences. When searching for a “YubiKey 5C NFC price” on Amazon, Proxy quickly found the item more easily than Operator. 

OpenAI hasn’t divulged much about technologies it uses for training its Operator agent, other than saying it has trained its model on browser-use tasks. Convergence, however, has provided more detail: Its agent uses something called Generative Tree Search to “leverage Web-World Models that predict the state of the web after a proposed action has been taken. These are generated recursively to produce a tree of possible futures that are searched over to select the next optimal action, as ranked by our value models. Our Web-World models can also be used to train agents in hypothetical situations without generating a lot of expensive data.” (More here).

Benchmarks may be useless for now

On paper, these tools appear closely matched. Convergence’s Proxy achieves 88% on the WebVoyager benchmark, which evaluates web agents across 643 real-world tasks on 15 popular websites like Amazon and Booking.com. OpenAI’s Operator scores 87%, while Browser-Use says it reaches 89% but only after changing the WebVoyager codebase slightly, it conceded, “according to our needs”.

These benchmark scores should really be taken with a grain of salt, though, as they can be gamed. The real test comes in practical usage for real-world cases. It’s very early, the space is so rapidly changing, and these products are changing almost on a daily basis. The results will depend more on the specific jobs you’re trying to do, and you may want to instead rely on the vibes you get while using the different products.

Enterprise implications

The implications for enterprise automation are significant. As Witteveen points out in our video podcast conversation about this, where we do a deep dive into this browser-use trend, many companies are currently paying for virtual assistants – operated by real people – to handle basic web research and data gathering tasks. These browser-use agents could dramatically change that equation.

“If AI takes this over,” Witteveen notes, “that’s going to be some of the first low hanging fruit of people losing their jobs. It’s going to show up in some of these kinds of things.”

This could feed into the robotic process automation (RPA) trend, where browser use is pulled in as just another tool for companies to automate more tasks. And as mentioned earlier, the more powerful uses cases will be when an agent combined browser use with other tools, including things like Deep Research, where an LLM-driven agent uses a search tool plus browser use to do more sophisticated jobs.

Cost dynamics driving innovation

Another key factor driving rapid development is the availability of powerful open-source reasoning models like DeepSeek-R1. This allows companies building these browser-use agents to compete effectively with larger players by leveraging these models rather than building their own.

The pricing pressure is already evident. While OpenAI requires a $200 monthly ChatGPT Pro subscription to access Operator, Convergence offers limited free use (up to five uses per day) and a $20/month unlimited plan. This competitive dynamic should accelerate enterprise adoption, though clear use cases are still emerging.

Security and integration challenges

Several hurdles remain before widespread enterprise adoption. Some websites actively block automated browsing, while others require CAPTCHA verification. While OpenAI and Convergence have tools that can get past CAPTCHAs, they let users take over the task to fill them out — instead of doing them directly, since the whole point of CAPTCHAs is to ensure a human is at the other end. Tools like ByteDance’s UI-TARS request deep system access, which raises security concerns for enterprise deployment.

Additionally, the approach to website cooperation varies. OpenAI has worked with specific partners like Instacart, Priceline, DoorDash and Etsy, while others attempt to navigate any website. This inconsistency could impact reliability for enterprise use cases. And of course, any time an agent hits a site requiring login details, that will slow things — as the agents will turn things over to you to fill in those details.

Looking ahead

For enterprises evaluating these tools, the focus should be on specific use cases where autonomous web interaction could provide clear value – whether in research, customer service, or process automation. The technology is progressing rapidly, but success will depend on matching capabilities to concrete business needs.

As this space evolves, expect to see more enterprise-focused features and potentially specialized agents for specific industries or tasks. The race between established players and innovative startups should drive both technical advancement and competitive pricing, making 2025 a crucial year for enterprise browser-use agent adoption.

For more detail on these trends and testing results, check out the full video conversation between Sam Witteveen and myself.

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Pure Storage becomes Everpure, acquires 1touch

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Western Digital wants to ramp-up hard disk drive speeds

Most enterprises are not using SATA drives, at least not with hot data. Perhaps cold storage but not frequently accessed data. They are using PCI Express based drives and those are considerably faster than anything Western Digital can engineer in a hard disk. Capacity aside, Western Digital is also aiming

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Energy Secretary Keeps Critical Generation Online in Mid-Atlantic

Emergency order keeps critical generation online and addresses critical grid reliability issues facing the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States WASHINGTON—U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright issued an emergency order to address critical grid reliability issues facing the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The emergency order directs PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. (PJM), in coordination with Constellation Energy Corporation, to ensure Units 3 and 4 of the Eddystone Generating Station in Pennsylvania remain available for operation and to employ economic dispatch to minimize costs for the American people. The units were originally slated to shut down on May 31, 2025. “The energy sources that perform when you need them most are inherently the most valuable—that’s why natural gas and oil were valuable during recent winter storms,” Secretary Wright said. “Hundreds of American lives have likely been saved because of President Trump’s actions keeping critical generation online, including this Pennsylvania generating station which ran during Winter Storm Fern. This emergency order will mitigate the risk of blackouts and maintain affordable, reliable, and secure electricity access across the region.” The Eddystone Units were integral in stabilizing the grid during Winter Storm Fern. Between January 26-29, the units ran for over 124 hours cumulatively, providing critical generation in the midst of the energy emergency. As outlined in DOE’s Resource Adequacy Report, power outages could increase by 100 times in 2030 if the U.S. continues to take reliable power offline. Furthermore, NERC’s 2025 Long-Term Reliability Assessment warns, “The continuing shift in the resource mix toward weather-dependent resources and less fuel diversity increases risks of supply shortfalls during winter months.” Secretary Wright ordered that the two Eddystone Generating Station units remain online past their planned retirement date in a May 30, 2025 emergency order. Subsequent orders were issued on August 28, 2025 and November 26, 2025. Keeping these units operational

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Insights: Venezuela – new legal frameworks vs. the inertia of history

@import url(‘https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:[email protected]&display=swap’); a { color: var(–color-primary-main); } .ebm-page__main h1, .ebm-page__main h2, .ebm-page__main h3, .ebm-page__main h4, .ebm-page__main h5, .ebm-page__main h6 { font-family: Inter; } body { line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0.025em; font-family: Inter; } button, .ebm-button-wrapper { font-family: Inter; } .label-style { text-transform: uppercase; color: var(–color-grey); font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.75rem; } .caption-style { font-size: 0.75rem; opacity: .6; } #onetrust-pc-sdk [id*=btn-handler], #onetrust-pc-sdk [class*=btn-handler] { background-color: #c19a06 !important; border-color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-policy a, #onetrust-pc-sdk a, #ot-pc-content a { color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-pc-sdk .ot-active-menu { border-color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-accept-btn-handler, #onetrust-banner-sdk #onetrust-reject-all-handler, #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-pc-btn-handler.cookie-setting-link { background-color: #c19a06 !important; border-color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk .onetrust-pc-btn-handler { color: #c19a06 !important; border-color: #c19a06 !important; } In this Insights episode of the Oil & Gas Journal ReEnterprised podcast, Head of Content Chris Smith updates the evolving situation in Venezuela as the industry attempts to navigate the best path forward while the two governments continue to hammer out the details. The discussion centers on the new legal frameworks being established in both countries within the context of fraught relations stretching back for decades. Want to hear more? Listen in on a January episode highlighting industry’s initial take following the removal of Nicholas Maduro from power. References Politico podcast Monaldi Substack Baker webinar Washington, Caracas open Venezuela to allow more oil sales 

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Eni makes Calao South discovery offshore Ivory Coast

@import url(‘https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:[email protected]&display=swap’); a { color: var(–color-primary-main); } .ebm-page__main h1, .ebm-page__main h2, .ebm-page__main h3, .ebm-page__main h4, .ebm-page__main h5, .ebm-page__main h6 { font-family: Inter; } body { line-height: 150%; letter-spacing: 0.025em; font-family: Inter; } button, .ebm-button-wrapper { font-family: Inter; } .label-style { text-transform: uppercase; color: var(–color-grey); font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.75rem; } .caption-style { font-size: 0.75rem; opacity: .6; } #onetrust-pc-sdk [id*=btn-handler], #onetrust-pc-sdk [class*=btn-handler] { background-color: #c19a06 !important; border-color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-policy a, #onetrust-pc-sdk a, #ot-pc-content a { color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-pc-sdk .ot-active-menu { border-color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-accept-btn-handler, #onetrust-banner-sdk #onetrust-reject-all-handler, #onetrust-consent-sdk #onetrust-pc-btn-handler.cookie-setting-link { background-color: #c19a06 !important; border-color: #c19a06 !important; } #onetrust-consent-sdk .onetrust-pc-btn-handler { color: #c19a06 !important; border-color: #c19a06 !important; } Eni SPA discovered gas and condensate in the Murene South-1X exploration well in Block CI-501, Ivory Coast. The well is the first exploration in the block and was drilled by the Saipem Santorini drilling ship about 8 km southwest of the Murene-1X discovery well in adjacent CI-205 block. The well was drilled to about 5,000 m TD in 2,200 m of water. Extensive data acquisition confirmed a main hydrocarbon bearing interval in high-quality Cenomanian sands with a gross thickness of about 50 m with excellent petrophysical properties, the operator said. Murene South-1X will undergo a full conventional drill stem test (DST) to assess the production capacity of this discovery, named Calao South. Calao South confirms the potential of the Calao channel complex that also includes the Calao discovery. It is the second largest discovery in the country after Baleine, with estimated volumes of up to 5.0 tcf of gas and 450 million bbl of condensate (about 1.4 billion bbl of oil). Eni is operator of Block CI-501 (90%) with partner Petroci Holding (10%).

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CFEnergía to supply natural gas to low-carbon methanol plant in Mexico

CFEnergía, a subsidiary of Mexico’s Federal Electricity Commission (CFE), has agreed to supply natural gas to Transition Industries LLC for its Pacifico Mexinol project near Topolobampo, Sinaloa, Mexico. Under the signed agreement, which enables the start of Pacifico Mexinol’s construction phase, CFEnergía will supply about 160 MMcfd of natural gas for an unspecified timeframe noted as “long term,” Transition Industries said in a release Feb. 16. The natural gas—to be sourced from the US and supplied at market prices via existing infrastructure—will be used as “critical input for Mexinol’s production of ultra-low carbon methanol,” the company said. Pacifico Mexinol The $3.3-billion Mexinol project, when it begins operations in late 2029 to early 2030, is expected to be the world’s largest ultra-low carbon chemicals plant with production of about 1.8 million tonnes of blue methanol and 350,000 tonnes of green methanol annually. Supply is aimed at markets in Asia, including Japan, while also boosting the development of the domestic market and the Mexican chemical industry. Mitsubishi Gas Chemical has committed to purchasing about 1 million tonnes/year of methanol from the project, about 50% of the project’s planned production. Transition Industries is jointly developing Pacifico Mexinol with the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group. Last year, the company signed a contingent engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract with the consortium of Samsung E&A Co., Ltd., Grupo Samsung E&A Mexico SA de CV, and Techint Engineering and Construction for the project. MAIRE group’s technology division NextChem, through its subsidiary KT TECH SpA, also signed a basic engineering, critical and proprietary equipment supply agreement with Samsung E&A in connection with its proprietary NX AdWinMethanol®Zero technology supply to the project.

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North Atlantic’s Gravenchon refinery scheduled for major turnaround

Canada-based North Atlantic Refining Ltd. France-based subsidiary North Atlantic France SAS is undertaking planned maintenance in March at its North Atlantic Energies-operated 230,000-b/d Notre-Dame-de-Gravenchon refinery in Port-Jérôme-sur-Seine, Normandy. Scheduled to begin on Mar. 3 with the phased shutdown of unidentified units at the refinery, the upcoming turnaround will involve thorough inspections of associated equipment designed for continuous operation, as well as unspecified works to improve energy efficiency, environmental performance, and overall competitiveness of the site, North Atlantic Energies said on Feb. 16. Part of the operator’s routine maintenance program aimed at meeting regulatory requirements to ensure the safety, compliance, and long-term performance of the refinery, North Atlantic Energies said the scheduled turnaround will not interrupt product supplies to customers during the shutdown period. While the company confirmed the phased shutdown of units slated for work during the maintenance event would last for several days, the operator did not reveal a definitive timeline for the entire duration of the turnaround. Further details regarding specific works to be carried out during the major maintenance event were not revealed. The upcoming turnaround will be the first to be executed under North Atlantic Group’s ownership, which completed its purchase of the formerly majority-owned ExxonMobil Corp. refinery and associated petrochemical assets at the site in November 2025.

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Azule Energy starts Ndungu full field production offshore Angola

Azule Energy has started full field production from Ndungu, part of the Agogo Integrated West Hub Project (IWH) in the western area of Block 15/06, offshore Angola. Ndungo full field lies about 10 km from the NGOMA FPSO in a water depth of around 1,100 m and comprises seven production wells and four injection wells, with an expected production peak of 60,000 b/d of oil. The National Agency for Petroleum, Gas and Biofuels (ANPG) and Azule Energy noted the full field start-up with first oil of three production wells. The phased integration of IWH, with Ndungu full field producing first via N’goma FPSO and later via Agogo FPSO, is expected to reach a peak output of about 175,000 b/d across the two fields. The fields have combined estimated reserves of about 450 million bbl. The Agogo IWH project is operated by Azule Energy with a 36.84% stake alongside partners Sonangol E&P (36.84%) and Sinopec International (26.32%).   

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Nvidia lines up partners to boost security for industrial operations

Akamai extends its micro-segmentation and zero-trust security platform Guardicore to run on Nvidia BlueField GPUs The integration offloads user-configurable security processes from the host system to the Nvidia BlueField DPU and enables zero-trust segmentation without requiring software agents on fragile or legacy systems, according to Akamai. Organizations can implement this hardware-isolated, “agentless” security approach to help align with regulatory requirements and lower their risk profile for cyber insurance. “It delivers deep, out-of-band visibility across systems, networks, and applications without disrupting operations. Security policies can be enforced in real time and are capable of creating a strong protective boundary around critical operational systems. The result is trusted insight into operational activity and improved overall cyber resilience,” according to Akamai. Forescout works with Nvidia to bring zero-trust technology to OT networks Forescout applies network segmentation to contain lateral movement and enforce zero-trust controls. The technology would be further integrated into partnership work already being done by the two companies. By running Forescout’s on-premises sensor directly on the Nvidia BlueField, part of Nvidia Cybersecurity AI platform, customers can offload intensive computing tasks, such as deep packet inspections. This speeds up data processing, enhances asset intelligence, and improves real-time monitoring, providing security teams with the insights needed to stay ahead of emerging threats, according to Forescout. Palo Alto to demo Prisma AIRS AI Runtime Security on Nvidia BlueField DPU Palo Alto Networks recently partnered with Nvidia to run its Prisma AI-powered Radio Security(AIRs) package on the Nvidia BlueField DPU and will show off the technology at the conference. The technology is part of the Nvidia Enterprise AI Factory validated design and can offer real-time security protection for industrial network settings. “Prisma AIRS AI Runtime Security delivers deep visibility into industrial traffic and continuous monitoring for abnormal behavior. By running these security services on Nvidia BlueField, inspection

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Raising the temp on liquid cooling

IBM isn’t the only one. “We’ve been doing liquid cooling since 2012 on our supercomputers,” says Scott Tease, vice president and general manager of AI and high-performance computing at Lenovo’s infrastructure solutions group. “And we’ve been improving it ever since—we’re now on the sixth generation of that technology.” And the liquid Lenovo uses in its Neptune liquid cooling solution is warm water. Or, more precisely, hot water: 45 degrees Celsius. And when the water leaves the servers, it’s even hotter, Tease says. “I don’t have to chill that water, even if I’m in a hot climate,” he says. Even at high temperatures, the water still provides enough cooling to the chips that it has real value. “Generally, a data center will use evaporation to chill water down,” Tease adds. “Since we don’t have to chill the water, we don’t have to use evaporation. That’s huge amounts of savings on the water. For us, it’s almost like a perfect solution. It delivers the highest performance possible, the highest density possible, the lowest power consumption. So, it’s the most sustainable solution possible.” So, how is the water cooled down? It gets piped up to the roof, Tease says, where there are giant radiators with massive amounts of surface area. The heat radiates away, and then all the water flows right back to the servers again. Though not always. The hot water can also be used to, say, heat campus or community swimming pools. “We have data centers in the Nordics who are giving the heat to the local communities’ water systems,” Tease says.

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Vertiv’s AI Infrastructure Surge: Record Orders, Liquid Cooling Expansion, and Grid-Scale Power Reflect Data Center Growth

2) “Units of compute”: OneCore and SmartRun On the earnings call, Albertazzi highlighted Vertiv OneCore, an end-to-end data center solution designed to accelerate “time to token,” scaling in 12.5 MW building blocks; and Vertiv SmartRun, a prefabricated white space infrastructure solution aimed at rapidly accelerating fit-out and readiness. He pointed to collaborations (including Hut 8 and Compass Data Centers) as proof points of adoption, emphasizing that SmartRun can stand alone or plug into OneCore. 3) Cooling evolution: hybrid thermal chains and the “trim cooler” Asked how cooling architectures may change (amid industry chatter about warmer-temperature operations and shifting mixes of chillers, CDUs, and other components) Albertazzi leaned into complexity as a feature, not a bug. He argued heat rejection doesn’t disappear, even if some GPU loads can run at higher temperatures. Instead, the future looks hybrid, with mixed loads and resiliency requirements forcing more nuanced thermal chains. Vertiv’s strategic product anchor here is its “trim cooler” concept: a chiller optimized for higher-temperature operation while retaining flexibility for lower-temperature requirements in the same facility, maximizing free cooling where climate and design allow. And importantly, Albertazzi dismissed the idea that CDUs are going away: “We are pretty sure that CDUs in various shapes and forms are a long-term element of the thermal chain.” 4) Edge densification: CoolPhase Ceiling + CoolPhase Row (Feb. 3) Vertiv also expanded its thermal portfolio for edge and small IT environments with the: Vertiv CoolPhase Ceiling (launching Q2 2026): ceiling-mounted, 3.5 kW to 28 kW, designed to preserve floor space. Vertiv CoolPhase Row (available now in North America) for row-based cooling up to 30 kW (300 mm width) or 40 kW (600 mm width). Vertiv Director of Edge Thermal Michal Podmaka tied the products directly to AI-driven edge densification and management consistency, saying the new systems “integrate seamlessly

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Execution, Power, and Public Trust: Rich Miller on 2026’s Data Center Reality and Why He Built Data Center Richness

DCF founder Rich Miller has spent much of his career explaining how the data center industry works. Now, with his latest venture, Data Center Richness, he’s also examining how the industry learns. That thread provided the opening for the latest episode of The DCF Show Podcast, where Miller joined present Data Center Frontier Editor in Chief Matt Vincent and Senior Editor David Chernicoff for a wide-ranging discussion that ultimately landed on a simple conclusion: after two years of unprecedented AI-driven announcements, 2026 will be the year reality asserts itself. Projects will either get built, or they won’t. Power will either materialize, or it won’t. Communities will either accept data center expansion – or they’ll stop it. In other words, the industry is entering its execution phase. Why Data Center Richness Matters Now Miller launched Data Center Richness as both a podcast and a Substack publication, an effort to experiment with formats and better understand how professionals now consume industry information. Podcasts have become a primary way many practitioners follow the business, while YouTube’s discovery advantages increasingly make video versions essential. At the same time, Miller remains committed to written analysis, using Substack as a venue for deeper dives and format experimentation. One example is his weekly newsletter distilling key industry developments into just a handful of essential links rather than overwhelming readers with volume. The approach reflects a broader recognition: the pace of change has accelerated so much that clarity matters more than quantity. The topic of how people learn about data centers isn’t separate from the industry’s trajectory; it’s becoming part of it. Public perception, regulatory scrutiny, and investor expectations are now shaped by how stories are told as much as by how facilities are built. That context sets the stage for the conversation’s core theme. Execution Defines 2026 After

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Utah’s 4 GW AI Campus Tests the Limits of Speed-to-Power

Back in September 2025, we examined an ambitious proposal from infrastructure developer Joule Capital Partners – often branding the effort as “Joule Power” – in partnership with Caterpillar. The concept is straightforward but consequential: acquire a vast rural tract in Millard County, Utah, and pair an AI-focused data center campus with large-scale, on-site “behind-the-meter” generation to bypass the interconnection queues, transmission constraints, and substation bottlenecks slowing projects nationwide. The appeal is clear: speed-to-power and greater control over delivery timelines. But that speed shifts the project’s risk profile. Instead of navigating traditional utility procurement, the development begins to resemble a distributed power plant subject to industrial permitting, fuel supply logistics, air emissions scrutiny, noise controls, and groundwater governance. These are issues communities typically associate with generation facilities, not hyperscale data centers. Our earlier coverage focused on the technical and strategic logic of pairing compute with on-site generation. Now the story has evolved. Community opposition is emerging as a material variable that could influence schedule and scope. Although groundbreaking was held in November 2025, final site plans and key conditional use permits remain pending at the time of publication. What Is Actually Being Proposed? Public records from Millard County show Joule pursuing a zone change for approximately 4,000 acres (about 6.25 square miles), converting agricultural land near 11000 N McCornick Road to Heavy Industrial use. At a July 2025 public meeting, residents raised familiar concerns that surface when a rural landscape is targeted for hyperscale development: labor influx and housing strain, water use, traffic, dust and wildfire risk, wildlife disruption, and the broader loss of farmland and local character. What has proven less clear is the precise scale and sequencing of the buildout. Local reporting describes an initial phase of six data center buildings, each supported by a substantial fleet of Caterpillar

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From Lab to Gigawatt: CoreWeave’s ARENA and the AI Validation Imperative

The Production Readiness Gap AI teams continue to confront a familiar challenge: moving from experimentation to predictable production performance. Models that train successfully on small clusters or sandbox environments often behave very differently when deployed at scale. Performance characteristics shift. Data pipelines strain under sustained load. Cost assumptions unravel. Synthetic benchmarks and reduced test sets rarely capture the complex interactions between compute, storage, networking, and orchestration that define real-world AI systems. The result can be an expensive “Day One” surprise:  unexpected infrastructure costs, bottlenecks across distributed components, and delays that ripple across product timelines. CoreWeave’s view is that benchmarking and production launch can no longer be treated as separate phases. Instead, validation must occur in environments that replicate the architectural, operational, and economic realities of live deployment. ARENA is designed around that premise. The platform allows customers to run full workloads on CoreWeave’s production-grade GPU infrastructure, using standardized compute stacks, network configurations, data paths, and service integrations that mirror actual deployment environments. Rather than approximating production behavior, the goal is to observe it directly. Key capabilities include: Running real workloads on GPU clusters that match production configurations. Benchmarking both performance and cost under realistic operational conditions. Diagnosing bottlenecks and scaling behavior across compute, storage, and networking layers. Leveraging standardized observability tools and guided engineering support. CoreWeave positions ARENA as an alternative to traditional demo or sandbox environments; one informed by its own experience operating large-scale AI infrastructure. By validating workloads under production conditions early in the lifecycle, teams gain empirical insight into performance dynamics and cost curves before committing capital and operational resources. Why Production-Scale Validation Has Become Strategic The demand for environments like ARENA reflects how fundamentally AI workloads have changed. Several structural shifts are driving the need for production-scale validation: Continuous, Multi-Layered Workloads AI systems are no longer

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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