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Thousands plead with Starmer to save North Sea jobs

Over 2,500 energy workers, business leaders, supply chain employees and community representatives have called for an immediate end to the punitive North Sea windfall tax to save jobs. The signatories backed an open letter to Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer which cited the “devastating blow” of Harbour Energy’s announcement that it intends to cut its […]

Over 2,500 energy workers, business leaders, supply chain employees and community representatives have called for an immediate end to the punitive North Sea windfall tax to save jobs.

The signatories backed an open letter to Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer which cited the “devastating blow” of Harbour Energy’s announcement that it intends to cut its workforce by 25% in response to the damage of the government’s Energy Profits Levy (EPL).

The letter points to a further 300 job losses in the supply chain over recent weeks, contributing towards 10,000 job losses overall since the EPL was introduced in 2022. It warns that Aberdeen’s energy skills base is at risk of being lost forever, putting the energy transition at risk.

The lion’s share of those signing are ordinary members of the supply chain workforce, concerned for their future, as well as individuals from other industries across the north of Scotland whose fortunes depend on the future success of a vibrant energy sector.

Over 70 signatories to the letter are concerned employees of Harbour Energy, alongside a number of unemployed North Sea workers whose jobs have already been cut because of a 78% tax rate on energy profits.

Over 300 business leaders have signed the letter on behalf of their respective organisations, including City heavyweight Martin Gilbert and energy industry veteran Sir Ian Wood.

More widely, the letter has received support from Aberdeen Cyrenians and Cash for Kids charities – organisations supporting vulnerable people and tackling child poverty in the north east of Scotland – besides a range of businesses from the retail, construction, agricultural, food and drink, manufacturing and professional services sectors.

The letter was promoted by Aberdeen and Grampian Chamber of Commerce (AGCC).

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Subsea7 Secures Work Offshore Norway from ConocoPhillips

Offshore contractor Subsea7 has secured a large contract from ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS for a front-end engineering design (FEED) study for the Previously Produced Fields (PPF) development project offshore Norway. Subsea7 said in a media release that the project, worth between $300 million and $500 million, has been granted under a

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TotalEnergies to Invest in BC LNG Project

TotalEnergies SE has committed to buying two million metric tons per annum (MMtpa) of liquefied natural gas (LNG) for 20 years from the pending Ksi Lisims LNG project in British Columbia. Concurrently the French integrated energy company also agreed to acquire a 5 percent stake in Western LNG LLC, one of the partners advancing the project and the future operator. “This acquisition grants TotalEnergies the option to increase its stake in Western LNG and/or take a direct stake in the plant up to approximately 10 percent when the final investment decision is made”, TotalEnergies said in an online statement. With a planned capacity of 12 MMtpa, the project is expected to become operational 2029. It is undergoing environmental assessment and preliminary engineering. Construction could start this year, Ksi Lisims LNG LP, a partnership between the Nisga’a nation, Rockies LNG Partners and Western LNG, says on its website. To rise on Indigenous land about nine miles west of the Gingolx village, the project is ideally situated along the country’s west coast as it has direct access to overseas markets and is close to proposed natural gas pipeline routes, according to Ksi Lisims. The partners tout the project as the world’s lowest-emission LNG facility. It is designed to have two floating LNG production and storage facilities, which will be built by Samsung Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., with an all-electric process technology developed by Black & Veatch Corp. TotalEnergies noted the project’s location on the Pacific coast of Canada gives the facility a “privileged access” to Asia, the biggest LNG market. “This purchase of LNG from the future Ksi Lisims LNG plant will allow us to diversify our LNG portfolio in North America and benefit from competitive LNG supply in Western Canada to better serve our Asian customers, with whom we are developing a

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Wisconsin retired nuclear plant gets a second look

Dive Brief: Utah-based EnergySolutions intends to apply for an early site permit from federal regulators to install new nuclear generation at the retired Kewaunee Power Station in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, the company said in a statement last week.   The nuclear services company is partnering on the project with WEC Energy Group, which owns the electric and gas utilities We Energies and Wisconsin Public Service.  The early site review could take about two years, followed by a “rigorous permitting process by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,” WEC spokesperson Brendan Conway said in an email. If the project moves forward, construction could begin in the early 2030s and the new plant could come online in 2038 or 2039, he said. Dive Insight: The announcement comes amid renewed interest in nuclear to provide low-carbon energy as electricity demand rises. Some of that interest has centered on restarting decommissioned reactors, but much of it is focused on small modular reactors that experts say can be deployed more quickly and less expensively than traditional reactors.  Only a few working small modular reactors exist in China and Russia, but North American companies are racing to design and bring one online. Conway said there’s no consideration of restarting the old reactor on the site. “Decommissioning work at the plant has been going on for years,” he said. “It would not be practical to try to restart it.” Conway emphasized that the companies are “still in the very early stages of this process” and have not made any decisions about which new reactor technologies they might deploy at Kewaunee. Small modular reactors are under consideration, he added. The amount of new generation EnergySolutions and WEC could bring online and the site’s total hosting capacity is unclear. EnergySolutions CEO Ken Robuck told Wisconsin Public Radio last week that his

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Goldman Warns Europe’s Gas Refill at Risk if Prices Drop Further

Europe can secure enough liquefied natural gas to refill storage for next winter at current prices, but the region faces competition for supply should prices fall further, according to Goldman Sachs Group Inc. “We think that prices have to stay at current levels, or slightly above, in order to kill LNG demand outside of Europe,” Samantha Dart, the co-head of global commodities research, said on Bloomberg television. “If LNG gets too cheap this summer, you tend to see other buyers picking it up.” Europe has drawn in more LNG cargoes so far this year thanks in part to weaker demand from Asia. China, last year’s top buyer, has sharply cut purchases due to high inventories, stronger pipeline imports, and elevated spot prices that have made shipments uneconomical. However, that trend could reverse if LNG becomes cheaper than alternative fuels in the region. European gas storage ended winter below normal levels, but easing prices have provided some relief in recent months. The continent typically rebuilds its inventories during summer ahead of peak winter demand. Looking further out, Dart expects that a flood of new LNG supply — driven by the US and Qatar — will create an oversupply, which will be visible from 2027 and become larger over the rest of the decade. “We think having cheap natural gas for a few years can plant the seeds for additional demand growth,” she said. WHAT DO YOU THINK? Generated by readers, the comments included herein do not reflect the views and opinions of Rigzone. All comments are subject to editorial review. Off-topic, inappropriate or insulting comments will be removed. MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR Bloomberg

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Oversold NatGas Trampolines Higher, EBW Analyst Says

In an EBW Analytics Group report sent to Rigzone by the EBW team today, Eli Rubin, an energy analyst at the company, outlined that “oversold NYMEX natural gas trampoline[d]… higher” on Tuesday. The report pointed out that the June natural gas contract closed at $3.427 per million British thermal units (MMBtu) yesterday, and that this represented a 31.4¢, or 10.1 percent, increase. “The six sessions ending Monday saw a 68¢ (-18 percent) re-pricing of the June natural gas contract, with Monday’s low within 0.1¢ of the front-month’s closing low in late April,” Rubin noted in the report. “Yesterday’s rally, helped by short-covering, may indicate a line in the sand – and could mark a bullish, long-term technical double-bottom pattern into summer,” he added. In the report, Rubin pointed out that “fundamentals do not explain Monday’s dramatic sell-off or Tuesday’s rip higher”. “Henry Hub spot prices averaged $3.15 per MMBtu yesterday. Weather shifts were relatively minor and not an important driver,” he added. “Neither production nor LNG have exhibited exceptional swings. 2025 injection season contracts have moved only 5.7¢ since Friday,” Rubin continued. Rubin also warned in the report that “volatility could extend” with Thursday’s U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) weekly natural gas storage report, “uncertain physical markets into Memorial Day, and June options expiry and final settlement next week”. “After near-term catalysts clear, there is a likelihood for July contract upside after it becomes the front-month next week, with newly reset bullish technicals suggesting outsized gain,” Rubin went on to state in the report. In its latest weekly natural gas storage report at the time of writing, which was released on May 15 and included data for the week ending May 9, the EIA stated that “working gas in storage was 2,255 billion cubic feet as of Friday, May 9, 2025,

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Harnessing HVDC transmission as a transformative force in modern grid design

Anees Jeddy is planning engineer — transmission integration for the New York Independent System Operator. This article reflects his personal views. High-voltage direct current transmission technology has emerged as a critical enabler in addressing today’s electric grid challenges. In areas with high population density, limited right-of-way and rapidly increasing electricity demand, HVDC provides an efficient and flexible alternative to traditional AC transmission. Its ability to transmit large amounts of power over long distances with lower losses, connect asynchronous grids and precisely control power flow makes it uniquely suited for the modern energy landscape. This is especially relevant as we integrate more variable renewable energy resources — such as offshore wind and utility-scale solar — which are often located far from load centers. HVDC offers the control and stability needed to manage these new power flows, ensuring both reliability and system efficiency. Real-world applications and insights In my experience supporting public policy-driven transmission planning processes, HVDC solutions consistently emerge as optimal for addressing the grid’s most complex and high-stakes challenges. Whether it’s integrating offshore wind, connecting remote renewable resources, or delivering power into densely populated load centers, HVDC offers a level of precision, scalability, and efficiency that conventional AC systems often cannot match. One of HVDC’s most valuable advantages lies in the operational flexibility it provides. It allows grid operators to directly control the amount and direction of power flow — making it a powerful tool for reducing congestion, improving system reliability and enabling dynamic responses to rapidly changing load patterns. This controllability becomes especially important as the grid transitions to accommodate intermittent renewable generation, increased electrification and more distributed energy resources. HVDC also excels at reducing transmission losses, particularly over long distances. When clean energy — like utility-scale solar or wind — is generated far from load centers, HVDC provides

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Trump Administration Allows NY Offshore Wind Project to Resume

The Interior Department has retracted a stop order against Empire Wind, allowing Equinor ASA to resume construction of the project’s first phase, which is expected to power 500,000 homes in New York. Anders Opedal, president and chief executive of the Norwegian majority state-owned energy major, said in an online statement it took a collective campaign by the company, New York officials, lawmakers in both chambers, labor groups, senior Norwegian government officials including the finance minister, and other advocates to convince the Trump administration to take back the April 16 order. “Equinor will perform an updated assessment of the project economics in the second quarter”, Equinor said in an online statement Tuesday. “Empire aims to be able to execute planned activities in the offshore installation window in 2025 and reach its planned commercial operation date in 2027. Empire will engage with suppliers and regulatory bodies to reduce the impact of the stop work order”. In the order, the Interior’s Bureau of Ocean Energy Management said it had needed to address feedback including from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration about the environmental analyses for Empire Wind. “BOEM received this and other feedback regarding Empire Wind as an outgrowth of the review that the Department is engaged in related to offshore wind projects”, BOEM told Empire Offshore Wind LLC in a letter, shared on the bureau’s website. BOEM was referring to a memorandum issued January 20 by President Donald Trump upon taking office. The executive decision indefinitely halted wind leasing in the Outer Continental Shelf to allow for a review of permitting considerations, saying environmental analyses have been inadequate. The halt means no new leases would be awarded. For existing leases, “the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Attorney General as needed, shall conduct a comprehensive review of the ecological,

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DriveNets extends AI networking fabric with multi-site capabilities for distributed GPU clusters

“We use the same physical architecture as anyone with top of rack and then leaf and spine switch,” Dudy Cohen, vice president of product marketing at DriveNets, told Network World. “But what happens between our top of rack, which is the switch that connects NICs (network interface cards) into the servers and the rest of the network is not based on Clos Ethernet architecture, rather on a very specific cell-based protocol. [It’s] the same protocol, by the way, that is used in the backplane of the chassis.” Cohen explained that any data packet that comes into an ingress switch from the NIC is cut into evenly sized cells, sprayed across the entire fabric and then reassembled on the other side. This approach distinguishes DriveNets from other solutions that might require specialized components such as Nvidia BlueField DPUs (data processing units) at the endpoints. “The fabric links between the top of rack and the spine are perfectly load balanced,” he said. “We do not use any hashing mechanism… and this is why we can contain all the congestion avoidance within the fabric and do not need any external assistance.” Multi-site implementation for distributed GPU clusters The multi-site capability allows organizations to overcome power constraints in a single data center by spreading GPU clusters across locations. This isn’t designed as a backup or failover mechanism. Lasser-Raab emphasized that it’s a single cluster in two locations that are up to 80 kilometers apart, which allows for connection to different power grids. The physical implementation typically uses high-bandwidth connections between sites. Cohen explained that there is either dark fiber or some DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) fibre optic connectivity between the sites. Typically the connections are bundles of four 800 gigabit ethernet, acting as a single 3.2 terabit per second connection.

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Intel eyes exit from NEX unit as focus shifts to core chip business

“That’s something we’re going to expand and build on,” Tan said, according to the report, pointing to Intel’s commanding 68% share of the PC chip market and 55% share in data centers. By contrast, the NEX unit — responsible for silicon and software that power telecom gear, 5G infrastructure, and edge computing — has struggled to deliver the kind of strategic advantage Intel needs. According to the report, Tan and his team view it as non-essential to Intel’s turnaround plans. The report described the telecom side of the business as increasingly disconnected from Intel’s long-term objectives, while also pointing to fierce competition from companies like Broadcom that dominate key portions of the networking silicon market and leave little room for Intel to gain a meaningful share. Financial weight, strategic doubts Despite generating $5.8 billion in revenue in 2024, the NEX business was folded into Intel’s broader Data Center and Client Computing groups earlier this year. The move was seen internally as a signal that NEX had lost its independent strategic relevance and also reflects Tan’s ruthless prioritization.  To some in the industry, the review comes as little surprise. Over the past year, Intel has already shed non-core assets. In April, it sold a majority stake in Altera, its FPGA business, to private equity firm Silver Lake for $4.46 billion, shelving earlier plans for a public listing. This followed the 2022 spinoff of Mobileye, its autonomous driving arm. With a $19 billion loss in 2024 and revenue falling to $53.1 billion, the chipmaker also aims to streamline management, cut $10 billion in costs, and bet on AI chips and foundry services, competing with Nvidia, AMD, and TSMC.

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Tariff uncertainty weighs on networking vendors

“Our guide assumes current tariffs and exemptions remain in place through the quarter. These include the following: China at 30%, partially offset by an exemption for semiconductors and certain electronic components; Mexico and Canada at 25% for the components and products that are not eligible for the current exemptions,” Cisco CFO Scott Herron told Wall Street analysts in the company’s quarterly earnings report on May 14. At this time, Cisco expects little impact from tariffs on steel and aluminum and retaliatory tariffs, Herron said. “We’ll continue to leverage our world-class supply chain team to help mitigate the impact,” he said, adding that “the flexibility and agility we have built into our operations over the last few years, the size and scale of our supply chain, provides us some unique advantages as we support our customers globally.” “Once the tariff scenario stabilizes, there [are] steps that we can take to mitigate it, as you’ve seen us do with China from the first Trump administration. And only after that would we consider price [increases],” Herron said. Similarly, Extreme Networks noted the changing tariff conditions during its earnings call on April 30. “The tariff situation is very dynamic, I think, as everybody knows and can appreciate, and it’s kind of hard to call. Yes, there was concern initially given the magnitude of tariffs,” said Extreme Networks CEO Ed Meyercord on the earnings call. “The larger question is, will all of the changes globally in trade and tariff policy have an impact on demand? And that’s hard to call at this point. And we’re going to hold as far as providing guidance or judgment on that until we have finality come July.” Financial news Meanwhile, AI is fueling high expectations and influencing investments in enterprise campus and data center environments.

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Liquid cooling becoming essential as AI servers proliferate

“Facility water loops sometimes have good water quality, sometimes bad,” says My Troung, CTO at ZutaCore, a liquid cooling company. “Sometimes you have organics you don’t want to have inside the technical loop.” So there’s one set of pipes that goes around the data center, collecting the heat from the server racks, and another set of smaller pipes that lives inside individual racks or servers. “That inner loop is some sort of technical fluid, and the two loops exchange heat across a heat exchanger,” says Troung. The most common approach today, he says, is to use a single-phase liquid — one that stays in liquid form and never evaporates into a gas — such as water or propylene glycol. But it’s not the most efficient option. Evaporation is a great way to dissipate heat. That’s what our bodies do when we sweat. When water goes from a liquid to a gas it’s called a phase change, and it uses up energy and makes everything around it slightly cooler. Of course, few servers run hot enough to boil water — but they can boil other liquids. “Two phase is the most efficient cooling technology,” says Xianming (Simon) Dai, a professor at University of Texas at Dallas. And it might be here sooner than you think. In a keynote address in March at Nvidia GTC, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang unveiled the Rubin Ultra NVL576, due in the second half of 2027 — with 600 kilowatts per rack. “With the 600 kilowatt racks that Nvidia is announcing, the industry will have to shift very soon from single-phase approaches to two-phase,” says ZutaCore’s Troung. Another highly-efficient cooling approach is immersion cooling. According to a Castrol survey released in March, 90% of 600 data center industry leaders say that they are considering switching to immersion

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Cisco taps OpenAI’s Codex for AI-driven network coding

“If you want to ask Codex a question about your codebase, click “Ask”. Each task is processed independently in a separate, isolated environment preloaded with your codebase. Codex can read and edit files, as well as run commands including test harnesses, linters, and type checkers. Task completion typically takes between 1 and 30 minutes, depending on complexity, and you can monitor Codex’s progress in real time,” according to OpenAI. “Once Codex completes a task, it commits its changes in its environment. Codex provides verifiable evidence of its actions through citations of terminal logs and test outputs, allowing you to trace each step taken during task completion,” OpenAI wrote. “You can then review the results, request further revisions, open a GitHub pull request, or directly integrate the changes into your local environment. In the product, you can configure the Codex environment to match your real development environment as closely as possible.” OpenAI is releasing Codex as a research preview: “We prioritized security and transparency when designing Codex so users can verify its outputs – a safeguard that grows increasingly more important as AI models handle more complex coding tasks independently and safety considerations evolve. Users can check Codex’s work through citations, terminal logs and test results,” OpenAI wrote.  Internally, technical teams at OpenAI have started using Codex. “It is most often used by OpenAI engineers to offload repetitive, well-scoped tasks, like refactoring, renaming, and writing tests, that would otherwise break focus. It’s equally useful for scaffolding new features, wiring components, fixing bugs, and drafting documentation,” OpenAI stated. Cisco’s view of agentic AI Patel stated that Codex is part of the developing AI agent world, where Cisco envisions billions of AI agents will work together to transform and redefine the architectural assumptions the industry has relied on. Agents will communicate within and

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US companies are helping Saudi Arabia to build an AI powerhouse

AMD announced a five-year, $10 billion collaboration with Humain to deploy up to 500 megawatts of AI compute in Saudi Arabia and the US, aiming to deploy “multi-exaflop capacity by early 2026.” AWS, too, is expanding its data centers in Saudi Arabia to bolster Humain’s cloud infrastructure. Saudi Arabia has abundant oil and gas to power those data centers, and is growing its renewable energy resources with the goal of supplying 50% of the country’s power by 2030. “Commercial electricity rates, nearly 50% lower than in the US, offer potential cost savings for AI model training, though high local hosting costs due to land, talent, and infrastructure limit total savings,” said Eric Samuel, Associate Director at IDC. Located near Middle Eastern population centers and fiber optic cables to Asia, these data centers will offer enterprises low-latency cloud computing for real-time AI applications. Late is great There’s an advantage to being a relative latecomer to the technology industry, said Eric Samuel, associate director, research at IDC. “Saudi Arabia’s greenfield tech landscape offers a unique opportunity for rapid, ground-up AI integration, unburdened by legacy systems,” he said.

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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