Christina Hayes is the executive director of Americans for a Clean Energy Grid.
A lot can change in four years.
When it comes to our energy grid, the axiom rings especially true. As the Trump administration gets settled in, new challenges are threatening the reliability and affordability of our energy systems.
The rise of artificial intelligence and a domestic manufacturing boom has sent electricity demand skyrocketing after more than a decade of level use. Moreover, electricity demand is projected to continue increasing by 128 GW over the next five years, or five times greater than thought just two years ago.
A modern electric grid remains the cornerstone of our nation’s economy, national security and global competitiveness. To their credit, President Trump’s nominees to lead the agencies in charge of ensuring energy dominance clearly understand this reality and have articulated it well.
During his confirmation hearing, Energy Secretary nominee Chris Wright said that he would “seek to find the best ways to improve our transmission grid, including expansion and new lines.”
Those sentiments were echoed by Interior Secretary Doug Burgum, who said during his confirmation hearing that public lands can help bolster the grid through transmission line development, noting that “if we don’t have the ability to transmit [energy] to the places where it’s needed, that’s going to be a problem.”
To remain competitive and win the AI race with China, we will need all the energy we can generate while expanding our ability to transmit those electrons wherever they need to go.
Simply put: More transmission is an essential component of American energy dominance.
Global competition for large-scale transmission is accelerating. China is currently building 80 times more high-voltage transmission than the United States. In 2022, China invested $166 billion in its transmission grid, surpassing the combined grid investments of all other countries.
Strong domestic manufacturing requires strong transmission infrastructure. Large industrial consumers need access to increasing amounts of affordable and reliable energy supply. Modernizing the transmission grid could unlock up to $7.8 trillion in investment and create more than 6 million new jobs, primarily in rural areas.
Transmission infrastructure is also essential for national security. The U.S. Department of Defense conducts critical missions at more than 500 military installations across the nation, over 99% of which rely on the commercial electricity grid for power. U.S. national security operations require mission critical power amid worsening extreme weather and cyber threats.
According to the North American Electric Reliability Corp.’s recently released Interregional Transfer Capability Study, stronger connections between regions are needed to help the grid during times of heightened stress.
The study, directed by Congress as part of the 2023 debt ceiling deal, determined that an additional 35 GW of transfer capability across the United States — or the equivalent of roughly 35 nuclear power plants — “would strengthen energy adequacy under extreme conditions” and “alleviate energy shortfalls in some areas” during extreme weather events.
To ensure that connections between regional grids are made, Congress and the administration should quickly resurrect the permitting reform package that stalled out during last year’s lame duck session. The bipartisan legislation would make significant progress in accelerating the deployment of American energy infrastructure, including urgently needed high-voltage transmission lines.
As previous studies have shown, building new transmission lines would reduce household electricity bills by more than $300 a year based on current electricity consumption levels. That pocketbook effect alone should be motivation enough to find ways to better streamline the federal approval processes for America’s power grid.
Data center and AI demand is not going away. Americans want and deserve reliable and affordable electricity. Transmission expansion and grid modernization is the key to sustained American energy dominance.