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US, Saudi Arabia Ink Energy, Critical Mineral Deals

Saudi Arabia and the United States have signed agreements on cooperation on energy – including through refined oil products trading and artificial intelligence (AI) – and critical minerals. The memorandum of understanding (MOU) on energy collaboration and the memorandum of cooperation (MOC) on critical minerals were executed during Donald Trump’s visit to the kingdom, in which the […]

Saudi Arabia and the United States have signed agreements on cooperation on energy – including through refined oil products trading and artificial intelligence (AI) – and critical minerals.

The memorandum of understanding (MOU) on energy collaboration and the memorandum of cooperation (MOC) on critical minerals were executed during Donald Trump’s visit to the kingdom, in which the U.S. president secured $600 billion in investment commitments from the Saudis. The MOU was signed between U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright and Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman Al Saud while the MOC was signed by Wright and Saudi Industry and Mineral Resources Minister Bandar Alkhorayef.

The MOU “explores the potential for innovation, development, deployment of energy infrastructure in the two countries, and providing access to clean cooking solutions in developing countries”, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) said in an online statement Tuesday.

“The MOU also highlights the intent to collaborate in various fields including petroleum refining and refined products trading, electricity generation technologies and energy storage systems, and artificial intelligence projects to accelerate deployment of energy-driven innovations.

“The two sides also outlined areas for cooperation on civil nuclear energy, including safety, security, and nonproliferation programs; vocational training and workforce development; U.S. Generation III+ advanced large reactor technologies and small modular reactors; uranium exploration, mining, and milling; and safe and secure nuclear waste disposal”.

Meanwhile the MOC will create “a framework for cooperation to strengthen and secure supply chains for critical minerals mining and processing”, the DOE said. The two intend to explore joint ventures and investment opportunities, including in refining and processing facilities, and in workforce and research institutions that will ensure continued innovation related to mineral exploration, extraction, and processing”.

The White House announced separately on Tuesday that Trump has secured investment pledges totaling $600 billion from Saudi partners. The investments are part of two-way deals that the presidential office said mark “the largest set of commercial agreements on record between the two countries” and “a new golden era” in their relations.

These include “the largest defense sales agreement in history”, the White House said in a statement on its website. Under the $142-billion sales deal, the U.S. will export warfighting equipment and services to Saudi Arabia.

“The sales that we intend to complete fall into five broad categories: (1) air force advancement and space capabilities, (2) air and missile defense, (3) maritime and coastal security, (4) border security and land forces modernization, and (5) information and communication systems upgrades”, the statement said.

“The package also includes extensive training and support to build the capacity of the Saudi armed forces, including enhancement of Saudi service academies and military medical services”.

On energy, Riyadh-based DataVolt will invest $20 billion in AI data centers and energy infrastructure in the U.S.

Additionally, DataVolt is partnering with U.S. tech giants Google LLC, Oracle Corp., Salesforce Inc., Advanced Micro Devices Inc. and Uber Technologies Inc. to invest $80 billion in “cutting-edge transformative technologies in both countries”, the White House said.

“Additional major exports include GE Vernova’s gas turbines and energy solutions totaling $14.2 billion and Boeing 737-8 passenger aircraft for AviLease totaling $4.8 billion”, it added.

Other partnerships include “sector-specific funds with a strong emphasis on U.S. deployment – such as the $5 billion Energy Investment Fund, the $5 billion New Era Aerospace and Defense Technology Fund, and the $4 billion Enfield Sports Global Sports Fund – each channeling substantial capital into American industries, driving innovation, and creating high-quality jobs across the United States”, the White House said.

Another agreement will see the Saudi Space Agency’s CubeSat fly on the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Artemis II test flight, a crewed mission to the Moon aboard the Orion spacecraft. “CubeSats will collect data on space radiation, solar X-rays, solar energetic particles, and magnetic fields”, NASA said in a separate statement.

Saudi Arabia’s direct investment in the U.S. totaled $9.5 billion in 2023, mainly in the transport, real estate and automotive sectors, the White House noted.

Last year the two countries traded $25.9 billion of goods between them, with U.S. exports at $13.2 billion and imports at $12.7 billion, the White House said.

To contact the author, email [email protected]

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OpenAI tests Google TPUs amid rising inference cost concerns

Barclays forecasts that chip-related capital expenditure for consumer AI inference alone is expected to approach $120 billion in 2026 and exceed $1.1 trillion by 2028.  Barclays also noted that LLM providers, such as OpenAI, are being forced to look at custom chips, mainly ASICS, instead of GPUs, to reduce the

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Chronosphere unveils logging package with cost control features

According to a study by Chronosphere, enterprise log data is growing at 250% year-over-year, and Chronosphere Logs helps engineers and observability teams to resolve incidents faster while controlling costs. The usage and volume analysis and proactive recommendations can help reduce data before it’s stored, the company says. “Organizations are drowning

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Senate passes megabill that curbs IRA tax credits, drops wind and solar tax

Dive Brief: The Senate voted Tuesday to pass an amended version of the Republican budget megabill that significantly curtails clean energy tax credits. It does not contain a proposed excise tax on wind and solar projects that caught many by surprise when it was added late Friday. The final version carves out an exception to the bill’s new phaseout deadline for wind and solar project tax credits. Previously, the legislation stipulated that wind and solar projects had to be placed in service by the end of 2027 to qualify for the clean energy production credit. This was amended to exempt projects that begin construction within a year after the signing of the legislation. The bill that made it out of the Senate Finance Committee had softened some of the IRA cuts made in the House. That version was supplanted over the weekend by harsher language that included the now-dead excise tax. The Senate bill now heads back to the House, with Republican leadership in both chambers aiming to deliver the bill to President Trump’s desk for him to sign it into law by Friday. Dive Insight: Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., and Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C., continued to oppose the legislation after voting against it over the weekend. They were joined by Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, along with all Democrats. Vice President JD Vance provided the tiebreaking vote. “Under the last-minute carveout, Big Green has 12 months to initiate as many subsidized projects as it wants using the insanely-easy-to-meet ‘construction’ threshold,” tweeted fossil fuel advocate Alex Epstein, who helped congressional Republicans shape the megabill. “Several Senators have already told me they didn’t know about or understand this last-minute paragraph. If that’s the case they should do whatever they can to fix the situation.”  Harry Godfrey, who leads Advanced Energy United’s federal policy team, said

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USA Diesel Demand in April Stronger Than Expected Despite Tariffs

US diesel demand, a closely watched measure of the country’s economic health, was higher in April than early weekly estimates, the Energy Information Administration said in its monthly report. Distillate fuel oil demand was 3.88 million barrels a day in April, according to the agency’s latest Petroleum Supply Monthly report released Monday. That is 4.7% higher than early estimates published by the agency in its Wednesday weekly report and 2.2% higher than April 2024. April was a volatile month for diesel futures after President Trump announced sweeping tariffs on April 2, causing prices to tank. Demand for jet fuel was revised down by 5% in the monthly EIA report to 1.76 million barrels a day from estimates of 1.86 millions barrels a day. Those same tariffs also clouded the outlook for air travel, with some Americans opting for road trips over flying as they tighten spending.  Demand for gasoline, the most consumed fuel in the US, was in-line with weekly estimates published earlier this year. Total US liquids production eked out a record-high of 20.83 million barrels a day in April, up roughly 50,000 barrels from the previous month, the report said. The number, which includes crude oil and natural gas liquids, came in roughly 340,000 barrels higher than a previous estimate for the month of April. WHAT DO YOU THINK? Generated by readers, the comments included herein do not reflect the views and opinions of Rigzone. All comments are subject to editorial review. Off-topic, inappropriate or insulting comments will be removed.

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Sapura Energy Restructuring in ‘Final Stages’

Malaysian oil and gas contractor Sapura Energy Bhd.’s restructuring plan to restore financial stability is entering its “final stages,” according to the company’s first-quarter earnings statement. Regulator Bursa Malaysia’s approval of the blueprint to restructure debt puts the company on a path to exit its financially distressed classification set by Malaysia’s stock exchange, the company said. The country’s anti-graft agency said in March it was investigating the cash-strapped company, which reported a net loss in the quarter ended in April, for alleged misappropriation of funds. Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim said that month he ordered an audit of the firm and change of management. He also approved a 1.1 billion ringgit ($262.5 million) injection into the company, but denied that it was a bailout.  Sapura Energy’s restructuring is “aimed at addressing the group’s unsustainable debt levels and restoring financial stability,” according to its statement. “Restructuring efforts remain on track and have entered the final stages.” The company said the plan will help reduce total borrowings to 5.6 billion ringgit from 10.8 billion ringgit, without giving a time frame. Sapura Energy reported a first-quarter net loss of 478.0 million ringgit compared with a profit of 82.1 million ringgit a year ago. It cited a challenging project in Angola, as well as lower activity across the oil industry’s operations, maintenance and drilling segments, for the loss. What do you think? We’d love to hear from you, join the conversation on the Rigzone Energy Network. The Rigzone Energy Network is a new social experience created for you and all energy professionals to Speak Up about our industry, share knowledge, connect with peers and industry insiders and engage in a professional community that will empower your career in energy.

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New Jersey seeks up to 1 GW of transmission-scale storage

Dive Brief: The New Jersey Board of Public Utilities plans to procure at least 1 GW of transmission-scale energy storage in two competitive solicitations over the next 12 months, it said on June 18. The board aims to procure 350 MW to 750 MW by Oct. 31 and the remaining capacity needed to reach the 1 GW target in a second solicitation in the first half of 2026, it said. The two solicitations show New Jersey is moving forward with the clean energy plan signed into law by Gov. Phil Murphy, D, in 2018, which mandates 2 GW of new energy storage by 2030 and 100% “clean energy” by 2050. Dive Insight: The board’s long-awaited announcement came seven years after Murphy signed what was characterized at the time as an “aggressive” plan to boost the state’s renewable portfolio and storage targets. The solicitation “is the culmination of two years of extensive stakeholder engagement, incorporating valuable feedback from a diverse range of industry experts, environmental groups and public representatives,” the board said in a statement. The first phase, which opened to bidders on June 25, is open to transmission-scale projects, including standalone storage, additions to existing solar, and solar-plus-storage resources, according to the program’s website. They will be funded largely through the New Jersey Clean Energy Program budget, which receives funding from a long-running utility bill surcharge, and will not increase costs for ratepayers, the board said. “This ambitious program directly addresses demand growth and limited supply, the root causes of recent rate increases, while simultaneously building a major part of the state’s clean energy future,” the board said. New Jersey’s generation mix is 35.8% natural gas, 57.5% nuclear and 4.8% renewables, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. While the first phase of New Jersey’s program is focused on bulk

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Minnesota county faces challenge in decarbonizing well-maintained district energy system

Dive Brief: One Minnesota county’s vision to decarbonize a 15-building district energy system faces economic and practical difficulties in the near term, two people involved in the project said at the International District Energy Association annual conference earlier this month. Eliminating steam completely was infeasible, with a major safety net hospital as the top customer for the Hennepin County system’s well-maintained steam loop,, and switching to electric boilers would likely be prohibitively expensive, said James Bohn, principal with FVB Energy. Over the longer term, Hennepin County envisions serving a major planned hospital expansion with an electric-powered heat exchange system, backed up by the current mix of electric and fossil-fuel equipment, which could eventually run on renewable natural gas as markets develop for that fuel, Bohn said. Dive Insight: The Hennepin County Energy Center supplies high-pressure steam and chilled water to six county-owned buildings and several private customers in downtown Minneapolis, including the hospital. The county, Minnesota’s largest, aims to reduce the facility’s environmental impact over time as it targets a 45% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2050.  Bohn’s analysis considered a “range of potential options” for near-term decarbonization, including building efficiency improvements, alternative steam sources and a switch from steam to a hot water loop, he said. With Minnesota progressing toward its legislative mandate of 100% carbon-free electricity by 2040, focusing on electrifying as much of the system was tempting, Bohn said. But the hospital’s strict reliability requirements and its use of steam for other critical processes, such as instrument sterilization, made it impractical to eliminate steam in the near term, he said. “You can’t just go into a hospital and say we’re going to change things [and] and you’re going to be up ‘most’ of the time,” Bohn said. “You have important stakeholders

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SPP secures funding for second phase of Markets+ development

Southwest Power Pool has launched the second phase of development of its western day-ahead and real-time market and remains on track for a 2027 launch, the grid operator said Monday. The second phase of the Markets+ initiative is backed by financing provided by Simmons Bank to cover the $150 million needed for full market implementation, SPP said. During this phase, stakeholders and staff will collaborate to develop the systems needed to operate the market, conduct market trials and parallel operations. “Securing financing for phase two of Markets+ is a pivotal step forward,” SPP Vice President of Markets Carrie Simpson said in a statement. “It allows SPP to continue developing a more efficient, transparent and reliable energy market for our western stakeholders and their customers.” SPP’s funding agreement framework was approved in April by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The agreement details how implementation costs will be recovered over the market’s operational life, and so far eight utilities have signed on, including: Arizona Public Service, Bonneville Power Administration, Chelan County PUD, Grant County PUD, Powerex, Salt River Project, Tacoma Power and Tucson Electric Power. Bonneville announced its plan to join SPP’s Markets+ in March, eschewing a market being launched by the California Independent System Operator. The utilities signing on to SPP’s effort are located across the Desert Southwest, Pacific Northwest and Mountain West regions of the Western Interconnection and demonstrate “broad regional commitment and collaboration,” the grid operator said. “With key regional partners on board, we’re ready to begin the next phase of development,” SPP Senior Director of Seams and Western Services Jim Gonzalez said. Federal regulators say development of SPP’s Markets+ is important to improve grid reliability and energy affordability across the region. In March, The Brattle Group published an analysis showing SPP could need up to $263 billion in

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Data center capacity continues to shift to hyperscalers

However, even though colocation and on-premises data centers will continue to lose share, they will still continue to grow. They just won’t be growing as fast as hyperscalers. So, it creates the illusion of shrinkage when it’s actually just slower growth. In fact, after a sustained period of essentially no growth, on-premises data center capacity is receiving a boost thanks to genAI applications and GPU infrastructure. “While most enterprise workloads are gravitating towards cloud providers or to off-premise colo facilities, a substantial subset are staying on-premise, driving a substantial increase in enterprise GPU servers,” said John Dinsdale, a chief analyst at Synergy Research Group.

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Oracle inks $30 billion cloud deal, continuing its strong push into AI infrastructure.

He pointed out that, in addition to its continued growth, OCI has a remaining performance obligation (RPO) — total future revenue expected from contracts not yet reported as revenue — of $138 billion, a 41% increase, year over year. The company is benefiting from the immense demand for cloud computing largely driven by AI models. While traditionally an enterprise resource planning (ERP) company, Oracle launched OCI in 2016 and has been strategically investing in AI and data center infrastructure that can support gigawatts of capacity. Notably, it is a partner in the $500 billion SoftBank-backed Stargate project, along with OpenAI, Arm, Microsoft, and Nvidia, that will build out data center infrastructure in the US. Along with that, the company is reportedly spending about $40 billion on Nvidia chips for a massive new data center in Abilene, Texas, that will serve as Stargate’s first location in the country. Further, the company has signaled its plans to significantly increase its investment in Abu Dhabi to grow out its cloud and AI offerings in the UAE; has partnered with IBM to advance agentic AI; has launched more than 50 genAI use cases with Cohere; and is a key provider for ByteDance, which has said it plans to invest $20 billion in global cloud infrastructure this year, notably in Johor, Malaysia. Ellison’s plan: dominate the cloud world CTO and co-founder Larry Ellison announced in a recent earnings call Oracle’s intent to become No. 1 in cloud databases, cloud applications, and the construction and operation of cloud data centers. He said Oracle is uniquely positioned because it has so much enterprise data stored in its databases. He also highlighted the company’s flexible multi-cloud strategy and said that the latest version of its database, Oracle 23ai, is specifically tailored to the needs of AI workloads. Oracle

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Datacenter industry calls for investment after EU issues water consumption warning

CISPE’s response to the European Commission’s report warns that the resulting regulatory uncertainty could hurt the region’s economy. “Imposing new, standalone water regulations could increase costs, create regulatory fragmentation, and deter investment. This risks shifting infrastructure outside the EU, undermining both sustainability and sovereignty goals,” CISPE said in its latest policy recommendation, Advancing water resilience through digital innovation and responsible stewardship. “Such regulatory uncertainty could also reduce Europe’s attractiveness for climate-neutral infrastructure investment at a time when other regions offer clear and stable frameworks for green data growth,” it added. CISPE’s recommendations are a mix of regulatory harmonization, increased investment, and technological improvement. Currently, water reuse regulation is directed towards agriculture. Updated regulation across the bloc would encourage more efficient use of water in industrial settings such as datacenters, the asosciation said. At the same time, countries struggling with limited public sector budgets are not investing enough in water infrastructure. This could only be addressed by tapping new investment by encouraging formal public-private partnerships (PPPs), it suggested: “Such a framework would enable the development of sustainable financing models that harness private sector innovation and capital, while ensuring robust public oversight and accountability.” Nevertheless, better water management would also require real-time data gathered through networks of IoT sensors coupled to AI analytics and prediction systems. To that end, cloud datacenters were less a drain on water resources than part of the answer: “A cloud-based approach would allow water utilities and industrial users to centralize data collection, automate operational processes, and leverage machine learning algorithms for improved decision-making,” argued CISPE.

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HPE-Juniper deal clears DOJ hurdle, but settlement requires divestitures

In HPE’s press release following the court’s decision, the vendor wrote that “After close, HPE will facilitate limited access to Juniper’s advanced Mist AIOps technology.” In addition, the DOJ stated that the settlement requires HPE to divest its Instant On business and mandates that the merged firm license critical Juniper software to independent competitors. Specifically, HPE must divest its global Instant On campus and branch WLAN business, including all assets, intellectual property, R&D personnel, and customer relationships, to a DOJ-approved buyer within 180 days. Instant On is aimed primarily at the SMB arena and offers a cloud-based package of wired and wireless networking gear that’s designed for so-called out-of-the-box installation and minimal IT involvement, according to HPE. HPE and Juniper focused on the positive in reacting to the settlement. “Our agreement with the DOJ paves the way to close HPE’s acquisition of Juniper Networks and preserves the intended benefits of this deal for our customers and shareholders, while creating greater competition in the global networking market,” HPE CEO Antonio Neri said in a statement. “For the first time, customers will now have a modern network architecture alternative that can best support the demands of AI workloads. The combination of HPE Aruba Networking and Juniper Networks will provide customers with a comprehensive portfolio of secure, AI-native networking solutions, and accelerate HPE’s ability to grow in the AI data center, service provider and cloud segments.” “This marks an exciting step forward in delivering on a critical customer need – a complete portfolio of modern, secure networking solutions to connect their organizations and provide essential foundations for hybrid cloud and AI,” said Juniper Networks CEO Rami Rahim. “We look forward to closing this transaction and turning our shared vision into reality for enterprise, service provider and cloud customers.”

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Data center costs surge up to 18% as enterprises face two-year capacity drought

“AI workloads, especially training and archival, can absorb 10-20ms latency variance if offset by 30-40% cost savings and assured uptime,” said Gogia. “Des Moines and Richmond offer better interconnection diversity today than some saturated Tier-1 hubs.” Contract flexibility is also crucial. Rather than traditional long-term leases, enterprises are negotiating shorter agreements with renewal options and exploring revenue-sharing arrangements tied to business performance. Maximizing what you have With expansion becoming more costly, enterprises are getting serious about efficiency through aggressive server consolidation, sophisticated virtualization and AI-driven optimization tools that squeeze more performance from existing space. The companies performing best in this constrained market are focusing on optimization rather than expansion. Some embrace hybrid strategies blending existing on-premises infrastructure with strategic cloud partnerships, reducing dependence on traditional colocation while maintaining control over critical workloads. The long wait When might relief arrive? CBRE’s analysis shows primary markets had a record 6,350 MW under construction at year-end 2024, more than double 2023 levels. However, power capacity constraints are forcing aggressive pre-leasing and extending construction timelines to 2027 and beyond. The implications for enterprises are stark: with construction timelines extending years due to power constraints, companies are essentially locked into current infrastructure for at least the next few years. Those adapting their strategies now will be better positioned when capacity eventually returns.

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Cisco backs quantum networking startup Qunnect

In partnership with Deutsche Telekom’s T-Labs, Qunnect has set up quantum networking testbeds in New York City and Berlin. “Qunnect understands that quantum networking has to work in the real world, not just in pristine lab conditions,” Vijoy Pandey, general manager and senior vice president of Outshift by Cisco, stated in a blog about the investment. “Their room-temperature approach aligns with our quantum data center vision.” Cisco recently announced it is developing a quantum entanglement chip that could ultimately become part of the gear that will populate future quantum data centers. The chip operates at room temperature, uses minimal power, and functions using existing telecom frequencies, according to Pandey.

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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