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Arista hits first $3B quarter as AI networking demand continues and supply pressures show signs of improvement

EOS innovations “I have never witnessed the combination of rapid innovation and scale deployment that we are seeing in AI networks,” said Kenneth Duda, president and CTO of Arista. He highlighted three technologies, all of which are part of the vendor’s EOS operating system, that are helping to drive and differentiate Arista gear: Smart System […]

EOS innovations

“I have never witnessed the combination of rapid innovation and scale deployment that we are seeing in AI networks,” said Kenneth Duda, president and CTO of Arista. He highlighted three technologies, all of which are part of the vendor’s EOS operating system, that are helping to drive and differentiate Arista gear: Smart System Upgrade (SSU), Multipath Reliable Connection (MRC), and Segment Routing (SRV6). 

“SSU is the ability to upgrade switch software without any disruption. Frequent upgrades are a hard reality today, especially as AI both uncovers security vulnerabilities and creates tools to exploit them,” Duda said. “While many competing systems require a full reboot to address these issues, leading to expensive and disruptive downtime, Arista EOS handles these upgrades seamlessly.”

In order to maximize xPU utilization, customers need MRC, because in first-generation AI networks, every packet on an XPU-to-XPU flow has to take the same path. “That means if two flows hash to the same length, they both run at half speed. MRC enables senders to spray a single flow across many paths through the fabric, where receivers reassemble any data that arrives out of order, eliminating the performance hit from fabric cache collisions,” Duda said. 

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DOE’s Office of Energy Dominance Financing Closes Loan to Strengthen Puerto Rico’s Grid, Delivering Hundreds of Millions in Electricity Cost Savings

WASHINGTON – The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Energy Dominance Financing (EDF) today announced it has closed a $489.4 million loan to Amanecer Puerto Rico LLC, a subsidiary of Pattern Energy, to lower electricity costs and strengthen Puerto Rico’s electric grid. Thanks to President Trump’s Working Families Tax Cuts Act, the investment is expected to save Puerto Rican families and businesses approximately $312.5 million in electricity costs over the next 25 years while improving grid reliability, strengthening energy security, supporting American manufacturing, and reducing dependence on foreign-controlled supply chains. “President Trump’s Working Families Tax Cuts Act is driving investments that strengthen America’s energy infrastructure while lowering costs for hardworking families,” said EDF Director Gregory A. Beard. “This investment will strengthen Puerto Rico’s electric grid, lower electricity costs, support American manufacturing, and provide a pathway for the reliable, dispatchable power needed to deliver affordable, reliable, and secure energy for the people of Puerto Rico.” Puerto Rico’s grid has experienced chronic outages and prolonged service interruptions that have imposed significant costs on families, businesses, and critical infrastructure. Following a comprehensive review by the Trump Administration, DOE restructured the financing to better align with the Administration’s priorities of lowering energy costs, strengthening American manufacturing, and ensuring the deployment of reliable, secure energy infrastructure. The financing will support: 220 megawatts of battery energy storage systems in Arecibo and Santa Isabel using American-manufactured battery technology and secure domestic supply chains. Battery storage capable of providing backup electricity for more than 100,000 customers during power shortages and helping avoid approximately 13 million customer interruption hours based on 2025 operating data. A pathway for the future development of reliable, dispatchable natural gas-fired generation to improve grid stability and strengthen Puerto Rico’s long-term energy security. This financing builds on the Trump Administration’s broader efforts to restore

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United States to Host International Atomic Energy Agency Launch for New Maritime Nuclear Initiative

WASHINGTON—The United States will host the ministerial launch of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) new initiative, Atomic Technologies Licensed for Applications at Sea (ATLAS), in Washington, D.C., on August 26–27, 2026. This landmark event will bring together ministers, policymakers, and industry leaders from around the world to advance the safe and secure use of nuclear technologies in the maritime sector. The ATLAS initiative aims to create an international framework to address legal and regulatory complexities to enable the deployment of nuclear applications at sea. It builds upon the IAEA’s extensive experience and global authority in nuclear safety, security, and safeguards to support the deployment of innovative civil nuclear technologies. The initiative is technology-neutral and focuses on establishing and maintaining the highest standards for safety, security, and nonproliferation. “DOE remains focused on unleashing American energy dominance, accelerating innovation, and advancing sources of energy that are affordable, reliable, and secure for the American people,” said U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright. “Hosting the launch of ATLAS supports this critical mission, positioning the U.S. nuclear and maritime sectors at the forefront of advanced energy innovation, while promoting safety and security for the United States and the world.”  Leading up to the launch, the United States will hold an “Industry Day” on August 25, 2026. This event will serve as a platform for America’s leading nuclear and maritime companies to showcase cutting-edge technologies. The Industry Day will highlight American innovation and underscore American energy dominance that will support the global expansion of civil maritime nuclear applications. “The global maritime sector is at a critical turning point, facing urgent pressure to sustain long-distance, high-speed operations while ensuring reliability and energy security,” said IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi. “Nuclear energy is fast emerging as a game-changer. Small modular reactors offer a safe and viable option for

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Vista seeks RIGI approval for $5.8 billion Bandurria Norte development

Vista Energy SAB de CV has applied to include its Bandurria Norte shale oil development in Argentina’s Large Investment Incentive Regime (RIGI). The $5.8-billion project targets peak production of 50,000 boe/d. Bandurria Norte is the largest oil project submitted under RIGI, which provides tax, customs, and foreign-exchange incentives for qualifying investments, and follows approval of Pampa Energía SA’s $4.521 billion Rincón de Aranda development, which established the first framework for qualifying incremental shale oil production under the regime. Together, the projects represent more than $10.3 billion in planned investment and would extend RIGI-backed development into undeveloped Vaca Muerta oil acreage. Bandurria Norte spans 26,500 acres in Vaca Muerta’s oil window and currently has no producing wells. Vista plans to drill and complete 332 horizontal wells and build dedicated infrastructure, including a 40,000-b/d oil treatment plant, a gas compression plant, gathering systems, pipelines, and associated infrastructure. The project would be Vista’s first large-scale development outside its core Bajada del Palo hub, where existing roads, processing capacity, and gathering networks support lower-cost drilling. Bandurria Norte requires full greenfield development, increasing upfront capital requirements, and execution risk. Vista said RIGI incentives are material to developing its undeveloped acreage because incremental production from new areas can qualify separately from existing output if volumes remain physically and operationally traceable. Export capacity remains critical Bandurria Norte forms part of Vista’s plan to increase production to 208,000 boe/d in 2028 and 250,000 boe/d in 2030. Development depends on additional crude transportation capacity from the Neuquén basin, particularly the Vaca Muerta Oil Sur (VMOS) pipeline under construction between Allen and Punta Colorada in Río Negro province. Designed for an initial capacity of 550,000 b/d and expandable to 700,000 b/d, VMOS is scheduled for start-up in first-half 2027. Vista averaged 156,000 boe/d of production in second-quarter 2026, up 16%

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Oil prices surge on renewed Middle East tensions

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Türkiye signs partnership deal with bp for Kirkuk oil field redevelopment

bp plc has farmed out a 15% interest in BP Energy Co. of Kirkuk Ltd. (BP ECKL) to state-owned Turkish Petroleum Corp. (TPAO), expanding on a partnership to support the redevelopment of major oil and gas fields in the Kirkuk region of northern Iraq. The move comes as Iraq aims to increase oil and gas production through various international partnerships. Signed during the official visit of Iraqi Prime Minister Ali Al-Zaidi to Türkiye, the agreement builds on a strategic cooperation memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed by the companies in February 2026.  The development and production contract covers an initial phase of oil and gas production of more than 3 billion boe from the Baba and Avanah domes of Kirkuk oil field and the adjacent Bai Hassan, Jambur, and Khabbaz fields in Federal Iraq, all currently operated by the North Oil Co. (NOC) and North Gas Co. (NGC), bp said in a release July 28. The contract area holds potential for additional exploration, the companies said. The deal follows one that saw ConocoPhillips acquire a 42% interest in BP ECKL. Together, bp said, the transactions support the next phase of redevelopment in Kirkuk. Türkiye Energy and Natural Resources Minister Bayraktar said the agreement is a step “towards making Turkish Petroleum a company that produces 1 million barrels of oil and natural gas per day.” Following completion of the transaction, which is subject to regulatory approvals, bp will remain the majority shareholder and a key participant in BP ECKL (bp 43%, ConocoPhillips 42%, TPAO 15%).

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EIA: US crude oil inventories down 7.2 million bbl

US crude oil inventories for the week ended July 24, excluding the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, decreased by 7.2 million bbl from the previous week, according to data from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). At 404.5 million bbl, US crude oil inventories are about 7% below the 5-year average for this time of year, the EIA report indicated. EIA said total motor gasoline inventories increased slightly from last week and are 6% below the 5-year average for this time of year. Finished gasoline inventories increased while blending components inventories decreased last week. Distillate fuel inventories increased by 1.1 million bbl last week and are about 9% below the 5-year average for this time of year. Propane-propylene inventories increased by 2.5 million bbl from last week and are 34% above the 5-year average for this time of year, EIA said. US crude oil refinery inputs averaged 17.3 million b/d for the week ended July 24, which was 271,000 b/d more than the previous week’s average. Refineries operated at 97.2% of capacity. Gasoline production increased, averaging 9.9 million b/d. Distillate fuel production increased, averaging 5.4 million b/d. US crude oil imports averaged 5.7 million b/d, down 124,000 b/d from the previous week. Over the last 4 weeks, crude oil imports averaged about 5.7 million b/d, 6.9% less than the same 4-week period last year. Total motor gasoline imports averaged 659,000 b/d. Distillate fuel imports averaged 98,000 b/d.

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Data center energy constraints and moratoriums are mounting. Expect to see stalled AI projects

Fuel cells are more efficient, he says, and don’t emit particulates, but they’re more expensive and less reliable than generators and have other operational issues. One company that recently decided to go with fuel cells is Oracle, which will use 2.45 gigawatts worth of fuel cells to power its Project Jupiter data center in New Mexico, replacing the previous plan to use gas turbines and diesel generators. According to Oracle, the fuel cells will significantly reduce emissions, use only a “negligible” amount of water, and be quieter than turbines and generators. Plus, the on-site power generation will help protect energy rates of area residents. “If you want to build a data center, there’s a better way to build it,” says Natalie Sunderland, chief marketing and communications officer at Bloom Energy, which makes the fuel cells that Oracle plans to deploy. And companies aren’t about to scale back on their AI ambitions or reduce their demands for data centers, she says.

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Nvidia’s Next Move? Financing AI

The report argues that AI infrastructure spending is on track to exceed $2 trillion annually by 2028, with cumulative investment reaching roughly $11.1 trillion between 2024 and 2029. Financing those projects will require a massive expansion of credit markets, which could result in a cumulative collective AI-related debt of $7 trillion by the end of the decade. With deals reaching into the multibillion-dollar range, banks and venture funds simply don’t have that kind of money. Enter Nvidia. As of the first fiscal quarter of 2027 ended April 26, 2026, Nvidia was sitting on roughly $80.5 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. After data center capacity constrained AI expansion in 2025 and chip supply became the limiting factor in early 2026, financing has emerged as the next major obstacle to scaling AI infrastructure. “It is clear that financing will now be one of the most significant obstacles to ramping large-scale compute broadly available to everyone,” the authors wrote.

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The Gigawatt Buildout Faces the Execution Test

Demand remains abundant across the data center and AI infrastructure market. Alphabet has raised its capital spending forecast again. OpenAI has unveiled a 3.2-gigawatt project in Georgia. Hut 8 has signed another multibillion-dollar lease in Texas, while BlackRock and its partners have acquired Aligned Data Centers for approximately $40 billion. Oracle, meanwhile, could face a $7 billion collateral requirement in Wisconsin, Meta is paying more to finance a $12 billion Texas project, and proposed developments are drawing resistance across North America and beyond. Together, these developments describe a market moving into a more demanding phase. Land, power and capital remain available, but not on the same terms everywhere. The projects most likely to move are those that combine a credible customer, a durable power path, institutional financing and a development strategy capable of surviving public scrutiny. Hyperscaler Spending Keeps Rising After Google Cloud revenue grew 82% year over year to $24.8 billion in the second quarter, Alphabet increased its expected 2026 capital expenditures to between $195 billion and $205 billion. That was $15 billion above its previous forecast and more than twice the $91.5 billion the company spent in 2025. The cloud growth explains the spending without removing its financial pressure. The largest platforms are committing unprecedented cash to facilities, chips, networks and power systems whose economics will be measured over many years. OpenAI’s Project Camellia in Effingham County, Georgia, extends the scale further. OpenAI says it is designing and developing the campus itself and has contracted with Georgia Power for 3.2 GW to be delivered in phases from 2028 through 2032. Local reporting places the initial investment at at least $20 billion across roughly 1,400 acres. The 25-year power supply agreement may be as important as the campus size. OpenAI says it will cover the infrastructure costs, protect residential

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AI Clusters and the New Economics of Data Center Optics: A Conversation with Cisco’s Bill Gartner

Three Networks Inside the AI Factory Understanding the optical challenge begins with recognizing that an AI cluster contains several distinct networking environments. Gartner divided AI infrastructure into three broad tiers: scale-up, scale-out and scale-across. Each operates over a different distance, carries a different level of traffic and creates a different set of requirements for the interconnect. Scale-up describes the connections within a rack, where operators place as many GPUs as possible inside servers and then pack those servers into the available rack footprint. Gartner estimated that the bandwidth within this environment can be approximately 500 times that of a traditional wide-area network application. Scale-up connections still rely heavily on electrical interfaces because electrical interconnects remain relatively inexpensive and power efficient over short distances. Once the compute capacity of a rack has been exhausted, the cluster must expand into additional racks. This is the scale-out network, where 400G and 800G pluggable optics connect large numbers of GPU systems operating in parallel. Gartner characterized scale-out bandwidth as roughly 50 times the capacity associated with a conventional WAN environment. The third tier, scale-across, emerges when a data center reaches its practical power limit and the AI infrastructure must extend into another facility. Those data centers may be separated by tens or hundreds of kilometers, requiring coherent optical technology capable of carrying extremely high-capacity signals over longer distances. Scale-across networks can represent approximately 14 times traditional WAN bandwidth, according to Gartner. Taken together, the three tiers illustrate why optics has become inseparable from the AI infrastructure discussion. Network capacity must expand inside the rack, across rows of racks and increasingly between separate data centers—all without consuming an untenable share of the power budget or introducing failures that leave GPUs idle. When One Link Slows the Whole Cluster The reliability requirement for AI networks differs

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Meta’s Canadian AI Data Center: A New Model for Infrastructure and Energy Integration

Canada’s expansion as an artificial intelligence infrastructure market received its strongest endorsement yet on July 8, when Meta broke ground on a data center campus representing an investment of more than C$13 billion. The project, located in Sturgeon County north of Edmonton, will be Meta’s first data center in Canada and the 33rd facility in its global portfolio. Planned initially at 1 GW of power capacity, the AI-optimized campus could eventually scale to 1.8 GW, placing it among the largest data center developments under construction anywhere outside the United States. The announcement follows the Canadian federal government’s May launch of consultations on a forthcoming National Electricity Strategy, which identifies AI data centers as a major source of future electricity demand.  Approximately 3,000 construction workers are expected to be on the site at peak activity, while more than 300 permanent employees will operate the campus after completion. Meta is also committing approximately C$60 million to improvements involving local roads, water systems and other community infrastructure. The Meta announcement illustrates a fundamental change in Canadian data center construction. Rather than selecting a building site and applying for an ordinary utility connection, Meta and its partners have spent years coordinating the data center with a purpose-built 932 MW generating station, grid upgrades and long-term natural-gas transportation agreements. The project effectively combines a data center, a power plant and an infrastructure development program into a single construction ecosystem. Construction Has Begun on the Canadian Campus Meta describes the Sturgeon County project as an AI-optimized facility intended to support the computing demands of its core platforms, AI services and connected devices. The company said the buildout will occur in phases rather than delivering the entire gigawatt at once. Alberta’s major-project registry estimates a roughly three-year construction period. That timeline will require a sustained deployment of

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Nuclear Momentum Meets the Megawatt Test

Valar then supplied the most visible connection between the criticality program and data center technology. After reaching criticality, Valar advanced Ward 250 to approximately 10 kilowatts of thermal output and conducted a separate demonstration in which power from the reactor was used to run Nvidia Blackwell-based computing hardware. On July 1, Valar and Nvidia also announced that they were exploring a small Utah data center using closed-loop cooling and behind-the-meter advanced nuclear generation. The demonstration load was microscopic beside a hyperscale campus that may require hundreds of megawatts. Nvidia described the work as an exploration of how behind-the-meter advanced nuclear systems could support future AI factories, not as an agreement to purchase a specified quantity of electricity. Deployable Energy became the third developer to achieve zero-power criticality when its Unity reactor completed its experiment at Idaho National Laboratory on June 30. DOE announced the result July 1, noting that the three companies had satisfied the administration’s objective of achieving three advanced reactor criticality milestones by July 4. The commercial follow-up came quickly. On July 7, Deployable Energy and energy-infrastructure facilitator GridMarket announced a partnership aimed at data centers, hyperscalers and industrial customers. The agreement includes a committed pilot project and priority access to future Unity capacity. The companies said they were targeting 500 megawatts of annual deployments from 2030 through 2035 and more than 3 gigawatts cumulatively. The companies have not publicly named the pilot host or end customers. Even so, the committed pilot and access provisions put the arrangement ahead of a conventional memorandum of understanding. GridMarket is attempting to assemble sites, customers, technology and capital before commercial Unity units become available. Aalo Atomics completed the fourth criticality experiment on July 4, with DOE announcing the achievement July 6. Aalo-X went from groundbreaking to a sustained chain reaction in

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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