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Asia-Pacific hits 50% IPv6 capability

Globally, the transition to IPv6 is advancing steadily, with 34% of networks now IPv6-capable. Not all IPv6-capable networks are using it by default; though: Capability means the system can use IPv6 — not that it prefers it. Still, the direction is clear. Countries like Vietnam (60% of networks IPv6-capable), Japan (58%), and Thailand (50%) show […]

Globally, the transition to IPv6 is advancing steadily, with 34% of networks now IPv6-capable. Not all IPv6-capable networks are using it by default; though: Capability means the system can use IPv6 — not that it prefers it.

Still, the direction is clear. Countries like Vietnam (60% of networks IPv6-capable), Japan (58%), and Thailand (50%) show how IPv6 has moved from aspiration to infrastructure.

For ISPs, switching to IPv6 isn’t just technical, it’s rewiring networks, replacing customer gear, and staying ahead of rising IPv4 costs. in return, ISPs can reduce their dependence on increasingly scarce and expensive IPv4 addresses. With features like stateless address configuration and the elimination of NAT, IPv6 simplifies network management and cuts operational overhead for the ISPs and enterprise IPv6 users.

Many governments in the region — including India, China, and Malaysia — have bolstered this movement through policy mandates. Still, managing dual-stack systems and ensuring seamless user connectivity across both protocols continues to test operational agility.

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), too, are riding the IPv6 wave. These infrastructure backbones, essential in a geographically vast region like Asia Pacific, benefit from improved routing and address availability, and can provide access to websites hosted on IPv4-only servers over IPv6 networks.

The ecosystem powering IPv6

Hardware makers sit at the heart of this shift as demand for IPv6-ready devices from routers and switches to smartphones and IoT sensors soars. However, the challenge remains: ensuring backward compatibility while phasing out older, IPv4-only equipment without disrupting user experience.

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Asia-Pacific hits 50% IPv6 capability

Globally, the transition to IPv6 is advancing steadily, with 34% of networks now IPv6-capable. Not all IPv6-capable networks are using it by default; though: Capability means the system can use IPv6 — not that it prefers it. Still, the direction is clear. Countries like Vietnam (60% of networks IPv6-capable), Japan

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Linkerd 2.18 advances cloud-native service mesh

The project’s focus has evolved significantly over the years. While early adoption centered on mutual TLS between pods, today’s enterprises are tackling much larger challenges. “For a long time, the most common pattern was simply, ‘I want to get mutual TLS between all my pods, which gives me encryption, and

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18 essential commands for new Linux users

[jdoe@fedora ~]$ ls -ld /home/jdoedrwx——. 1 jdoe jdoe 106 Apr 3 14:39 /home/jdoe As you may have suspected, “r” stands for read, “w” means write and “x” is for execute. Note that no permissions are available for other group members and anyone else on the system. Each user will be

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Oil Gains as Supply Tightness Counters Trade Concerns

Oil rose as producers’ promises to keep output growth in check added to signs of the physical market’s strength and a potential easing in trade tensions between the US and China. West Texas Intermediate futures climbed 0.8% to settle near $63 a barrel, while Brent advanced to close around $66.50, after President Donald Trump said that US officials have been holding meetings with Chinese officials on trade as recently as this morning. That countered some pessimism over the major crude importer’s earlier comments that the US should revoke all unilateral tariffs and its dismissal of speculation that progress has been made in bilateral communications. Those developments followed signs in recent days that lower oil prices are starting to curtail some producers’ spending plans. Already, metrics are pointing to a bullish near-term market, with the prompt spread for WTI hovering near the strongest in more than two months, an indication of tight supplies. Geopolitical tensions remain hot as well. Russia hit Ukraine with a barrage of missiles and drones overnight, killing at least nine people in the capital, as peace talks stalled over President Volodymyr Zelenskiy’s vow never to recognize Russian sovereignty over Crimea. The US is set to demand that Russia accept Ukraine’s right to maintain a military force. At one point, crude dipped into negative territory after Axios reported that Iran asked White House envoy Steve Witkoff whether the sides should negotiate an interim deal, potentially decreasing the risk of reduced flows from Tehran.   Oil has dropped sharply this month on concerns that US tariffs and counter-levies from its biggest trading partners will dent economic activity and hurt energy demand. Growing strain within OPEC+, particularly with perennial overproducer Kazakhstan, has stoked fears that output will continue to rise at a faster-than-advertised pace over the coming months. The Organization

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USA Clashes With Allies on Energy Security Vision at IEA Summit

At this week’s flagship international summit on energy security, the clashing visions of the US and its allies were on full display. Beginning with the event’s hosts — the International Energy Agency and the UK government — speaker after speaker at the London conference extolled the virtues of including renewable fuels in the shift to a sustainable energy future. In Britain, “there is an exciting vision of energy security and abundance from cheap, homegrown low-carbon power,” Energy Secretary Ed Miliband enthused in his opening address. IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol hailed the “remarkable” ascent of renewables, which last year accounted for 85% of new power generation globally. But the meeting’s tone shifted markedly when it was the turn of US Acting Assistant Secretary of Energy for International Affairs, Tommy Joyce. Joyce blamed the “embrace of climate politics” around the world for energy scarcity and causing “harm” to human lives, while boasting of America’s role as the world’s fourth-biggest producer of coal — the most polluting of fuels. He reiterated the Trump administration’s opposition to restricting energy sources in the pursuit of net zero carbon emissions, reprising a Republican party criticism leveled previously at the IEA’s energy forecasts. Of course, the division is hardly a surprise. President Donald Trump has dismissed climate change as a “hoax” and campaigned for re-election on pledges that America’s shale-oil explorers will “drill, baby, drill” the nation’s hydrocarbon bounty.  Nonetheless, when representatives of such conflicting outlooks share a stage, the contrast becomes sharp. The IEA’s summit will continue the rest of Thursday and Friday; reconciling the world-views of the agency’s biggest members will take significantly longer. WHAT DO YOU THINK? Generated by readers, the comments included herein do not reflect the views and opinions of Rigzone. All comments are subject to editorial review. Off-topic, inappropriate or

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Controversial plans for Kintore hydrogen plant backed by council despite local protests

Plans to create one of Europe’s largest hydrogen plants near Kintore have taken a step forward – despite calls for it to be thrown out. Statera Energy wants to build the massive 3GW Kintore Hydrogen project near Laylodge. Once constructed, it would be the largest site of its kind in the UK. It has been earmarked for land near the Kintore substation and a recently approved battery energy storage system. The site will produce green hydrogen at an electrolysis plant using surplus wind power generated from turbines and water from the River Don. Water from the river will also be used to cool equipment on the site and would later be returned back to the Don. Members of the Garioch area committee had called for the project to be scrapped last month over fears the Kintore area was becoming too industrialised. Historic Environment Scotland had also objected over fears it would harm the South Leylodge steading stone circle. Kintore hydrogen plant could ensure north-east is ‘global energy leader’ The application went before a council meeting today. It will ultimately be decided by the Scottish Government, but the local authority’s input will be a key consideration. Senior development manager for the Kintore project, William Summerlin, made a case for the hydrogen plant. He claimed the site would create “significant employment and economic opportunities” for the north-east and Scotland. Mr Summerlin also said that more than 3,000 jobs could be created during the construction period with over 300 operational jobs on site and in the supply chain. “Businesses up and down Aberdeenshire are standing ready to tender for this project,” he told the chamber. “Fabrication yards in Aberdeen and throughout the Shire are well-positioned to become assembly yards for electrolyser equipment. “Kintore makes use of abundant Scottish wind power converting it into

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BHP Prepares to Start Chief Executive Succession Process

BHP Group is preparing to begin looking for a new chief executive officer in the coming months, with key lieutenants already jostling for position to succeed Mike Henry at the top of the world’s biggest miner.  The understanding at BHP is that Henry is now heading toward the end of his tenure, according to company insiders. They emphasized that no decision has been made. But some people close to BHP say a change could come as soon as early next year, and some top executives have begun increasing their interaction with investors and other stakeholders ahead of a likely succession process. The internal frontrunners for the role are seen to be Geraldine Slattery, who heads the company’s Australian mines, Chief Financial Officer Vandita Pant and Ragnar Udd, who runs the commercial team. However, the search is also likely to include external candidates, according to people familiar with the matter, who asked not to be identified discussing private information. A change of leadership would come at a pivotal time for both BHP and the wider mining sector. The company and its biggest rivals spent the past couple of years pursuing a series of failed megadeals, while US President Donald Trump’s trade war has cast fresh uncertainty over future demand for key commodities.  BHP itself is embarking on a slew of expensive growth projects and Henry’s successor is likely to face tough questions about capital allocation, including whether the company can pursue its aggressive spending plans while sustaining its dividend and debt policies.  The miner is already tightening its belt and has significantly sharpened its focus on cost cutting across the business, some of the people said. BHP declined to comment. The process to find a replacement for Henry is likely to start in earnest in the coming months, the people said,

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Grangemouth a ‘good example of transition done badly’ – Shanks

The closure of Scotland’s last oil refinery at Grangemouth is a “really good example of a transition done badly”, the UK energy minister has admitted. Speaking at an industry conference in London, Michael Shanks said he was “acutely aware that there is uncertainty and there is unease in the industry”. He said the situation at Grangemouth, which will see hundreds of jobs lost when refinery owner PetroIneos shutters the facility, was a problem his government “inherited”. Labour politicians in Scotland and Westminster have come under fire for failing to fulfil pledges to save jobs at the site. The UK and Scottish Governments have jointly drawn up a plan called “Project Willow” aimed at delivering a long-term industrial future for Grangemouth through investment in a number of energy and recycling schemes. Speaking to the audience on the second day of the North Sea Decarbonisation Conference, Shanks said the “problems” should have been addressed years earlier. “There is a kind of truth in government, that you sort of wish you could have dealt with some of the problems you inherit on day one, many, many years before,” he said. “The most acute example for me is Grangemouth, which is a really good example of a transition done badly. “You wish you could have tackled these things five, six years ago, when they first emerged. “You don’t get to choose your entry as a government minister, and that’s just the reality of it. But what we are seeking to do is grapple with the uncertainty and the challenge.” Shanks urged attendees at the conference to engage with the government’s current consultation on the North Sea, which is set to close 30 April. The minister said energy supply chain responses to its “Building the North Sea’s Energy Future: Consultation,” consultation will help the government

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USA Crude Oil Inventories Rise Week on Week

U.S. commercial crude oil inventories, excluding those in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), increased by 0.2 million barrels from the week ending April 11 to the week ending April 18, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) highlighted in its latest weekly petroleum status report. This report was released on April 23 and included data for the week ending April 18. It showed that crude oil stocks, not including the SPR, stood at 443.1 million barrels on April 18, 442.9 million barrels on April 11, and 453.6 million barrels on April 19, 2024. Crude oil in the SPR stood at 397.5 million barrels on April 18, 397.0 million barrels on April 11, and 365.7 million barrels on April 19, 2024, the report outlined. Total petroleum stocks – including crude oil, total motor gasoline, fuel ethanol, kerosene type jet fuel, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, propane/propylene, and other oils – stood at 1.605 billion barrels on April 18, the report showed. Total petroleum stocks were down 0.3 million barrels week on week and up 5.9 million barrels year on year, the report revealed. “At 443.1 million barrels, U.S. crude oil inventories are about five percent below the five year average for this time of year,” the EIA said in its latest weekly petroleum status report. “Total motor gasoline inventories decreased by 4.5 million barrels from last week and are about three percent below the five year average for this time of year. Finished gasoline inventories increased and blending components inventories decreased last week,” it added. “Distillate fuel inventories decreased by 2.4 million barrels last week and are about 13 percent below the five year average for this time of year. Propane/ propylene inventories increased by 2.3 million barrels from last week and are seven percent below the five year average for

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Slowdown in AWS data center leasing plans poses little threat to CIOs

Oracle, according to Westfall, is committed to investing $10 billion in 2025 to build 100 new data centers and expand 66 existing ones, aiming to double its capacity this year. Likewise, Google is investing $75 billion in 2025 for data center construction, focusing on AI and cloud infrastructure, with projects such as a $600 million facility in Mesa, Arizona, and a $2 billion data center in Fort Wayne and Indiana underway, Westfall said. Meta, too, plans to spend up to $65 billion in 2025, a sizable bump up from $40 billion in 2024, primarily for data center expansion to support AI (Llama models, Meta AI) and metaverse workloads, Westfall added. However, these expansion plans will not result in the relatively smaller players catching up with AWS and Microsoft. “For smaller players like Google and Oracle, catching up with AWS and Microsoft would require historically large capital investments that likely aren’t justified by their current growth rates,” Alletto said.

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TSMC targets AI acceleration with A14 process and ‘System on Wafer-X’

Nvidia’s flagship GPUs currently integrate two chips, while its forthcoming Rubin Ultra platform will connect four. “The SoW-X delivers wafer-scale compute performance and significantly boosts speed by integrating multiple advanced compute SoC dies, stacked HBM memory, and optical interconnects into a single package,” said Neil Shah, partner and co-founder at Counterpoint Research. “This approach reduces latency, improves power efficiency, and enhances scalability compared to traditional multi-chip setups — giving enterprises and hyperscalers AI servers capable of handling future workloads faster, more efficiently, and in a smaller footprint.” This not only boosts capex savings in the long run but also opex savings in terms of energy and space. “Wafer-X technology isn’t just about bigger chips — it’s a signal that the future of AI infrastructure is being redesigned at the silicon level,” said Abhivyakti Sengar, practice director at Everest Group. “By tightly integrating compute, memory, and optical interconnects within a single wafer-scale package, TSMC targets the core constraints of AI: bandwidth and energy. For hyperscale data centers and frontier model training, this could be a game-changer.” Priorities for enterprise customers For enterprises investing in custom AI silicon, choosing the right foundry partner goes beyond performance benchmarks. It’s about finding a balance between cutting-edge capabilities, flexibility, and cost. “First, enterprise buyers need to assess manufacturing process technologies (such as TSMC’s 3nm, 2nm, or Intel’s 18A) to determine if they meet AI chip performance and power requirements, along with customization capabilities,” said Galen Zeng, senior research manager for semiconductor research at IDC Asia Pacific. “Second, buyers should evaluate advanced packaging abilities; TSMC leads in 3D packaging and customized packaging solutions, suitable for highly integrated AI chips, while Intel has advantages in x86 architecture. Finally, buyers should assess pricing structures.”

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Cloudbrink pushes SASE boundaries with 300 Gbps data center throughput

Those core components are functionally table stakes and don’t really serve to differentiate Cloudbrink against its myriad competitors in the SASE market. Where Cloudbrink looks to differentiate is at a technical level through a series of innovations including: Distributed edge architecture: The company has decoupled software from hardware, allowing their platform to run across 800 data centers by leveraging public clouds, telco networks and edge computing infrastructure. This approach reduces network latency from 300 milliseconds to between 7 and 20 milliseconds, the company says. This density dramatically improves TCP performance and responsiveness. Protocol optimization: Cloudbrink developed its own algorithms for SD-WAN optimization that bring enterprise-grade reliability to last mile links. These algorithms significantly improve efficiency on consumer broadband connections, enabling enterprise-grade performance over standard internet links. Integrated security stack: “We’ve been able to produce secure speeds at line rate on our platform by bringing security to the networking stack itself,” Mana noted. Rather than treating security as a separate overlay that degrades performance, Cloudbrink integrates security functions directly into the networking stack. The solution consists of three core components: client software for user devices, a cloud management plane, and optional data center connectors for accessing internal applications. The client intelligently connects to multiple edge nodes simultaneously, providing redundancy and application-specific routing optimization. Cloudbrink expands global reach Beyond its efforts to increase throughput, Cloudbrink is also growing its global footprint. Cloudbrink today announced a global expansion through new channel agreements and the opening of a Brazil office to serve emerging markets in Latin America, Korea and Africa. The expansion includes exclusive partnerships with WITHX in Korea, BAMM Technologies for Latin America distribution and OneTic for African markets. The company’s software-defined FAST (Flexible, Autonomous, Smart and Temporary) Edges technology enables rapid deployment of points of presence by leveraging existing infrastructure from multiple

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CIOs could improve sustainability with data center purchasing decisions — but don’t

CIOs can drive change Even though it’s difficult to calculate an organization’s carbon footprint, CIOs and IT purchasing leaders trying to reduce their environmental impact can influence data center operators, experts say. “Customers have a very large voice,” Seagate’s Feist says. “Don’t underestimate how powerful that CIO feedback loop is. The large cloud accounts are customer-obsessed organizations, so they listen, and they react.” While DataBank began using renewable energy years ago, customer demand can push more data center operators to follow suit, Gerson says. “For sure, if there is a requirement to purchase renewable power, we are going to purchase renewable power,” she adds.

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Copper-to-optics technology eyed for next-gen AI networking gear

Broadcom’s demonstration and a follow-up session explored the benefits of further developing CPC, such as reduced signal integrity penalties and extended reach, through channel modeling and simulations, Broadcom wrote in a blog about the DesignCon event. “Experimental results showed successful implementation of CPC, demonstrating its potential to address bandwidth and signal integrity challenges in data centers, which is crucial for AI applications,” Broadcom stated. In addition to the demo, Broadcom and Samtec also authored a white paper on CPC that stated: “Co-packaged connectivity (CPC) provides the opportunity to omit loss and reflection penalties from the [printed circuit board (PCB)] and the package. When high speed I/O is cabled from the top of the package advanced PCB materials are not necessary. Losses from package vertical paths and PCB routing can be transferred to the longer reach of cables,” the authors stated. “As highly complex systems are challenged to scale the number of I/O and their reach, co- packaged connectivity presents opportunity. As we approach 224G-PAM4 [which uses optical techniques to support 224 Gigabits per second data rates per optical lane] and above, system loss and dominating noise sources necessitate the need to re-consider that which has been restricted in the back of the system architect’s mind for years: What if we attached to the package?” At OFC, Samtec demonstrated its Si-FlyHD co-packaged cable assemblies and Samtec FlyoverOctal Small Form-factor Pluggable (OSFP) over the Samtec Eye Speed Hyper Low Skew twinax copper cable. Flyover is Samtec’s proprietary way of addressing signal integrity and reach limitations of routing high-speed signals through traditional printed circuit boards (PCBs). “This evaluation platform incorporates Broadcom’s industry-leading 200G SerDes technology and Samtec’s co-packaged Flyover technology. Si-Fly HD CPC offers the industry’s highest footprint density and robust interconnect which enables 102.4T (512 lanes at 200G) in a 95 x

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The Rise of AI Factories: Transforming Intelligence at Scale

AI Factories Redefine Infrastructure The architecture of AI factories reflects a paradigm shift that mirrors the evolution of the industrial age itself—from manual processes to automation, and now to autonomous intelligence. Nvidia’s framing of these systems as “factories” isn’t just branding; it’s a conceptual leap that positions AI infrastructure as the new production line. GPUs are the engines, data is the raw material, and the output isn’t a physical product, but predictive power at unprecedented scale. In this vision, compute capacity becomes a strategic asset, and the ability to iterate faster on AI models becomes a competitive differentiator, not just a technical milestone. This evolution also introduces a new calculus for data center investment. The cost-per-token of inference—how efficiently a system can produce usable AI output—emerges as a critical KPI, replacing traditional metrics like PUE or rack density as primary indicators of performance. That changes the game for developers, operators, and regulators alike. Just as cloud computing shifted the industry’s center of gravity over the past decade, the rise of AI factories is likely to redraw the map again—favoring locations with not only robust power and cooling, but with access to clean energy, proximity to data-rich ecosystems, and incentives that align with national digital strategies. The Economics of AI: Scaling Laws and Compute Demand At the heart of the AI factory model is a requirement for a deep understanding of the scaling laws that govern AI economics. Initially, the emphasis in AI revolved around pretraining large models, requiring massive amounts of compute, expert labor, and curated data. Over five years, pretraining compute needs have increased by a factor of 50 million. However, once a foundational model is trained, the downstream potential multiplies exponentially, while the compute required to utilize a fully trained model for standard inference is significantly less than

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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