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Oil Drops on Stockpile Rise

Oil dropped as a larger-than-expected US crude inventory gain and a bearish report from the International Energy Agency added to a gloomy outlook for markets. West Texas Intermediate fell 0.8% to settle below $63 a barrel in a thin summer trading session. Prices tumbled after US crude stockpiles rose about 3 million barrels last week […]

Oil dropped as a larger-than-expected US crude inventory gain and a bearish report from the International Energy Agency added to a gloomy outlook for markets.

West Texas Intermediate fell 0.8% to settle below $63 a barrel in a thin summer trading session. Prices tumbled after US crude stockpiles rose about 3 million barrels last week to the highest level in two months, according to government data.

Adding to a bearish trading day, the IEA said global oil inventories are poised for a record glut next year, a day after the US government also bolstered its view for a surplus in 2026.

Against that backdrop, traders are looking ahead to a meeting between US President Donald Trump and his Russian counterpart in Alaska on Friday geared toward ending the war in Ukraine. Trump warned he would impose “very severe consequences” if Vladimir Putin didn’t agree to a ceasefire agreement later this week.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said he won’t cede the eastern region of Donbas to Russia — a condition demanded by Putin to unlock a ceasefire — and pushed for Kyiv to be included in the talks. The country claimed an attack on a Russian oil-pumping station on Wednesday, though the impact was unclear and it wasn’t possible to independently verify Ukraine’s claims.

Crude prices have dropped about 13% this year as OPEC+ accelerated output hikes, though moves have been more muted in recent days amid thin summer trading. Oil traders are closely tracking preparations for the talks, given that they may result in an easing of US sanctions on OPEC+ member Russia.

“Markets continue to remain in a wait and see approach as we await the big Trump-Putin meeting in Alaska,” said Keshav Lohiya, founder of consultant Oilytics.

OilPrices

  • WTI for September delivery fell 52 cents to settle at $62.65 a barrel in New York.
  • Brent for October settlement dropped 49 cents to settle at $65.63 a barrel.

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ConocoPhillips lets well stimulation services contract for North Sea assets

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Cisco strengthens AI networking story

“Overall, AI demand in the enterprise will grow over time. But enterprise customers need to see the value, see the ROI. Also, they have to have a well-defined use case,” Wollenweber said, noting that the 12-month innovation cycles of GPU vendors can be problematic if customers choose the wrong platform.

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DEF CON research takes aim at ZTNA, calls it a bust

Major vendor vulnerabilities span authentication and design flaws The research exposed critical vulnerabilities across Check Point, Zscaler and Netskope that fell into three primary categories: authentication bypasses, credential storage failures and cross-tenant exploitation. Authentication bypass vulnerabilities Zscaler’s SAML implementation contained the most severe authentication flaw. The researchers discovered that the

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Trump meets with Intel CEO after calling for his resignation

The call for Tan’s resignation coincided with an Aug. 6 letter Sen. Tom Cotton (R-AK) sent to Intel Chairman Frank Yeary, in which he expressed concerns about “Intel’s operations and its potential impact on U.S. national security,” citing a report alleging Tan’s links to Chinese firms and the fact Cadence

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Renewable power purchase agreement prices rising in wake of One Big Beautiful Bill Act

Dive Brief: The average cost of U.S. wind and solar power purchase agreements is up 4% since the July passage of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, according to data from the LevelTen Energy PPA marketplace. Buyers of renewable energy are looking to speed up their procurement timelines, with 68% of procurement teams saying they feel they need to “act immediately” to lock in energy supply, according to a LevelTen survey released on Wednesday. Buying clean energy remains a top priority for 95% of teams surveyed. With almost a third of developers saying they plan to suspend or cancel projects as a result of the reconciliation bill, prices will probably continue to rise after the tax credits expire, according to Rob Collier, who oversees the energy marketplace at LevelTen. Dive Insight: Offers on LevelTen’s marketplace have already increased by $2/MWh to $8/MWh since the bill’s passage in July, with the lowest offers rising faster than the median. Developers whose projects are on track to begin construction before the end of the year have seen offers rise by nearly $20/MWh, according to LevelTen. The average PPA contract price rose just 1% between the end of the first and second quarter, tying the recent escalation to the reconciliation bill, according to LevelTen. Buyers sense they need to act quickly to lock in electrical supplies before prices rise, Collier said. “There really is a cliff and a ticking clock here,” he said. “There will be a cohort of projects that qualify for existing tax credits … Once that cohort is gone, the tax credits aren’t coming back. There are no other projects.” Buyers were already struggling to find projects with development timelines that matched their clean energy procurement goals, triggering what has been a long-term trend of rising PPA prices. The tax credit cliff,

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INPEX awards Abadi LNG onshore plant FEED

INPEX Corp. has started front-end engineering (FEED) and design of the 9.5-million tonne/year onshore liquefaction plant for its Abadi LNG project, developing the offshore Masela natural gas block. This follows the project’s earlier FEED package awards for a floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel; subsea umbilicals, risers, and flowlines; and the gas export pipeline (OGJ Online, Aug. 4, 2025).   The plant will be sited in the Saumlaki region of Maluku province. It will also produce 35,000 b/d of condensate. The contract was awarded using a “dual FEED” method involving two contractor consortiums that will work in parallel but separately to ensure a competitive environment is maintained. One consortium consists of PT JGC Indonesia (lead contractor) and PT Technip Engineering Indonesia, while the other consists of PT KBR Indonesia (lead contractor), Samsung E&A Co. Ltd. and PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk. FEED work and engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) work will be awarded to the same contractor consortium, effectively assigning EPC work to the contractor consortium that delivers technically and commercially superior FEED services. The FEED work includes carbon capture and storage (CCS). Inclusion of CCS led to the onshore plant’s designation as an Indonesian national strategic project. Captured carbon dioxide will be stored in a depleted offshore well.

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Civitas board bumps CEO Doyle, agrees to $435 million of asset sales

The directors of Civitas Resources Inc., Denver, have thanked chief executive officer Chris Doyle for his services and installed board chair Wouter van Kempen on an interim basis. The company’s leaders also have signed two agreements, worth a combined $435 million, to sell some assets in the Denver-Julesburg basin. Doyle had led Civitas since May 2022 and oversaw the company’s 2023-24 move into the Permian basin via three acquisitions worth about $7 billion in all. (OGJ Online, Oct. 4, 2023) But the company’s stock has lost about half of its value over the past year even as Doyle had launched a $100 million cost-savings plan (OGJ Online, May 9, 2025), two topics van Kempen noted in the statement announcing his interim appointment. “Every day, we navigate a fiercely competitive market for a limited pool of investor capital,” said van Kempen, who along with the rest of Civitas’ board also has voted to ramp up share repurchases. “I am committed to continue transforming Civitas into a world-class energy company by strengthening our performance-driven culture, executing with relentless discipline, and driving industry-leading cost efficiency, in order to maximize value for our shareholders.” Van Kempen has a broad background in the energy space. Most recently, he led DCP Midstream GP LLC for a decade through December 2022 and before that was president of Duke Energy Generation Services. He is today the lead director of the board of Engine No. 1, the activist investment firm that made waves in 2021 by getting three climate-change-focused candidates elected to the board of ExxonMobil Corp. Speaking to analysts and investors on an Aug. 7 conference call, van Kempen said he expects to be in his interim role for about 6 months as the board searches for Doyle’s full-time successor. “[We’re] very appreciative of what Chris has done

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ExxonMobil starts production at Yellowtail

ExxonMobil Guyana Ltd. started production at Yellowtail, the fourth oil development in Guyana’s offshore Stabroek block. Production from Yellowtail’s One Guyana floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel joins Destiny, Unity, and Prosperity FPSO production to bring total installed capacity in Guyana to more than 900,000 bo/d (OGJ Online, Aug. 1, 2025). One Guyana is the largest FPSO on Stabroek block to date with an initial annual average production of 250,000 bo/d and storage capacity of 2 MMbbl (OGJ Online, April 17, 2025). Oil produced from the FPSO will be marketed as Golden Arrowhead crude.  By 2030, ExxonMobil Guyana expects to have total production capacity of 1.7 MMboe/d from eight developments. ExxonMobil Guyana Ltd. is operator of the block with 45% interest. Partners are Hess Guyana Exploration Ltd. (30%) and CNOOC Petroleum Guyana Ltd. (25%).

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NEP awards Halliburton CCS completions, downhole monitoring work

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IEA warns of mounting oil surplus as demand growth slows, supply surges

Global oil demand growth is losing momentum, with the International Energy Agency (IEA) projecting the weakest annual gain since 2019. At the same time, supply is expanding rapidly, setting the stage for a record surplus next year, with stock builds expected to outpace even the average accumulation seen during the 2020 pandemic, according to IEA. Oil demand Global demand growth for 2025 has been revised down multiple times this year, with a cumulative reduction of 350,000 b/d. Current projections call for increases of around 680,000 b/d for 2025 and 700,000 b/d in 2026. Despite weaker-than-expected consumption in China, India, and Brazil in recent months, annual growth of 600,000 b/d in second-quarter 2025 occurred entirely in non-OECD countries. Consumption in the OECD was flat, with Japan’s demand sinking to multi-decade lows. Oil supply On the supply side, global oil output in July held steady at 105.6 million b/d, as a 230,000 b/d drop in OPEC+ production was offset by an equivalent increase in non-OPEC+ volumes. New higher OPEC+ targets set for September are expected to lift global supply growth to 2.5 million b/d in 2025 and 1.9 million b/d in 2026. Of that growth, non-OPEC+ producers will account for 1.3 million b/d and 1 million b/d, respectively. Additional sanctions could yet curb output from the world’s third- and fifth-largest producers—Russia and Iran. At end-July, the US Department of the Treasury announced its most significant Iran-related sanctions since 2018, aimed at making it harder for Tehran to sell its oil. Washington is also pressing major buyers of Russian crude, particularly India, to scale back purchases.

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Uptime Institute’s Jay Dietrich on Why Net Zero Isn’t Enough for Sustainable Data Centers

In the latest episode of the Data Center Frontier Show podcast, Editor-in-Chief Matt Vincent sits down with Jay Dietrich, Research Director of Sustainability at Uptime Institute, to examine what real sustainability looks like inside the data center, and why popular narratives around net zero, offsets, and carbon neutrality often obscure more than they reveal. Over the course of our conversation, Dietrich walks listeners through Uptime’s expanding role in guiding data center operators toward measurable sustainability outcomes; not just certifications, but operational performance improvements at the facility level. “Window Dressing” vs. Real Progress Dietrich is candid about the challenges operators face in navigating the current landscape of sustainability reporting. Despite high-level claims of carbon neutrality, many facilities still operate inefficiently, relying heavily on carbon offsets or energy attribute certificates to hit corporate goals. “An EU survey found that 80% of data centers report carbon-free operations based on market calculations, while their national grids run at only 55% renewable,” Dietrich says. “The only thing that truly matters is the performance of the actual facility.” To close this gap, Uptime offers a Sustainability Gap Analysis and a Sustainable Operations Certification, helping data center operators minimize energy and water use, improve cooling efficiency, and increase the useful work delivered per megawatt hour. Redefining the Sustainable Data Center One of the discussion’s core messages: a net zero data center is not necessarily a sustainable one. Dietrich stresses the need to shift focus from corporate carbon accounting toward IT utilization, emphasizing metrics like: Work delivered per unit of energy consumed. Work delivered per metric ton of CO₂ emitted (location-based). Actual IT infrastructure utilization rates. Underutilized IT infrastructure — still common across the industry — is one of the biggest sustainability blind spots. “Running IT at 10% utilization wastes capacity, space, and energy,” says Dietrich. “Increasing that

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Data Center Jobs: Engineering, Construction, Commissioning, Sales, Field Service and Facility Tech Jobs Available in Major Data Center Hotspots

Each month Data Center Frontier, in partnership with Pkaza, posts some of the hottest data center career opportunities in the market. Here’s a look at some of the latest data center jobs posted on the Data Center Frontier jobs board, powered by Pkaza Critical Facilities Recruiting. Peter Kazella of Pkaza Critical Facilities Recruiting provides tips for building a healthy applicant pool. Switchgear Field Service Technician – Critical Facilities Nationwide Travel  This position is also available in any major data center region: Ashburn, VA; Charlotte, NC; Atlanta, GA; Denver, CO; Portland, OR; Seattle, WA; Las Vegas, NV; or Phoenix, AZ. Multiple opportunities for both senior and mid-level switchgear field service technicians. These openings are with a nationwide market leader of power distribution solutions, specializing in switchgear and controls for mission-critical environments. This company provides customized solutions for enterprise, colocation, and hyperscale data centers, ensuring reliability and uptime through controls integration, power distribution solutions, and switchgear installations. Their services include installations, retrofits, upgrades, turnkey electrical solutions, and preventive & corrective maintenance of UPS, switchgear, generators, and PLC systems. This is an excellent career-growth opportunity to work on exciting projects with leading-edge technology and competitive compensation. Electrical Commissioning Engineer New Albany, OH This traveling position is also available in: Richmond, VA; Ashburn, VA; Charlotte, NC; Atlanta, GA; Hampton, GA; Fayetteville, GA; Minneapolis, MN; Phoenix, AZ; Dallas, TX; or Chicago, IL. *** ALSO looking for a LEAD EE and ME CxA agents and CxA PMs *** Our client is an engineering design and commissioning company that has a national footprint and specializes in MEP critical facilities design. They provide design, commissioning, consulting and management expertise in the critical facilities space. They have a mindset to provide reliability, energy efficiency, sustainable design and LEED expertise when providing these consulting services for enterprise, colocation and hyperscale companies. This career-growth

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DCF Trends Summit 2025: Power Chat

Data Center Frontier Editor in Chief Matt Vincent and Contributing Editor Bill Kleyman (CEO/Apolo) recently had another video chat to discuss the Data Center Frontier Trends Summit 2025 and, in particular, the event’s focus on data center power. The second annual Trends Summit is scheduled for August 26-28 in Reston, Virginia. Register Now This second QuickChat in our series—following the opening discussion that set the stage for the conference—now zeroes in on data center power challenges. The conversation explores how AI’s exponential growth is straining power infrastructure, turning energy into both a critical market-entry barrier and a defining theme of the event. The Power Challenge: Quantifying the Scale Kleyman outlined the sheer scale of the power challenge facing the industry. He cited a Goldman Sachs report projecting that U.S. data center power consumption, currently around 2-3% of total consumption, could more than double to 8-9% by 2028. He also highlighted a forecast that the data center industry will require upwards of 50 gigawatts (GW) of power by 2035, a figure he put into perspective by noting that 1 GW can power a city of a million people. The discussion mentions a few large-scale projects that illustrate this trend: Kevin O’Leary‘s Wonder Valley project in Alberta, Canada, aiming for 8 GW. Tract’s new multi-gigawatt campus project in Texas amid plans for a staggering 25 GW national build-out. Kleyman also referenced the NVL576 rack unveiled at Nvidia GTC 2025, which is capable of supporting 600 kilowatts (kW) per rack, signaling the official arrival of the “megawatt era class of data center racks.” Grid-Optional Solutions and the Summit Panels The discussion transitioned to how the industry is moving from being solely grid-reliant to “grid-optional.” A significant trend highlighted is the inclusion of behind-the-meter power generation in new builds, with 30% of new U.S. data

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Earnings Frontier: Equinix and Modine

Welcome to Earnings Frontier, our new series where we cut through the noise of quarterly financial reports to get straight to what matters for the data center industry. Today, the spotlight is on a pair of companies whose recent earnings calls offered valuable insights into the market’s current trajectory: Equinix and Modine. On one hand, we have the colocation giant, Equinix, which continues to demonstrate its enduring strength as a foundational pillar of the digital economy. Their latest results underscore a familiar story of robust customer engagement, strategic capacity expansion, and a steadfast focus on interconnection. The numbers speak to the company’s ability to capitalize on the sustained demand for cloud and AI infrastructure, all while successfully navigating a complex and competitive landscape. Then there’s Modine, a company whose name might not be as synonymous with data centers as Equinix’s, but whose recent performance is a powerful testament to the critical role of cooling in the age of AI. Their earnings call highlighted a strategic pivot toward data center cooling technologies, with strong growth in their Climate Solutions segment. The company’s commentary reveals a deep understanding of the market’s evolving needs, with a keen focus on high-efficiency, advanced cooling strategies that are becoming non-negotiable for next-generation workloads. In the following segments, we’ll dive into the details of these two contrasting, yet equally illuminating, earnings reports, exploring the key metrics, strategic takeaways, and forward-looking statements that are shaping the future of digital infrastructure. Equinix Outlines Three-Pronged Strategy for 2025 Double-Digit Revenue Growth CEO Adaire Fox-Martin described growth from acquisitions, new projects, customer AI adoption, and long-term strategies, saying, “We were built for this moment.” Key Takeaways Leaders at Equinix, Inc. announced the acquisition of three data centers in Manila and has 59 projects in 34 metro areas, including key markets such

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Vertiv Launches OneCore Modular Data Center Platform for AI and HPC

Fully Integrated Modular Design for Speed and Scale The data center industry has increasingly embraced modular, prefabricated systems to address time, cost, and consistency pressures. OneCore stands out by delivering Vertiv’s full power and thermal stack — along with whitespace fit-out and control systems — as a single, factory-integrated solution. This eliminates the patchwork of partial modules and gives customers single-vendor responsibility. Vertiv also emphasizes deployment speed, claiming the platform can be commissioned at a rate of 1 MW per day. In a OneCore deployment, power, cooling, and whitespace components are assembled offsite in parallel, reducing on-site complexity and schedule risk. The completed system arrives enclosed in a steel shell — a modular, turnkey building block that includes both critical infrastructure and whitespace — streamlining logistics and accelerating construction cycles. Designed with HPC and AI factories in mind, each OneCore block can scale from 96 to 944 racks, accommodating extreme-density workloads such as GPU clusters or HPC nodes. Modules are optimized for liquid cooling and support 5 MW to 50 MW of power. Key Vertiv technologies integrated into the platform include:      Trinergy UPS systems, switchgear and busways for power distribution. CoolChip CDU, perimeter cooling, CoolLoop Trim Cooler, Liebert® AFC chiller for thermal management. SmartRun for overhead IT infrastructure. Unify centralized monitoring and control. Meeting Efficiency and Sustainability Demands Each block is engineered for high efficiency. Cooling is delivered through a mix of liquid (e.g., CDU and Trim Cooler) and perimeter systems, with support for advanced formats such as direct-to-chip liquid cooling — improving thermal performance and reducing energy use. Efficient UPS architectures help lower PUE and energy overhead, while power and cooling can be tailored to each module’s IT load, minimizing the risks of over- or under-provisioning. Every module comes fully integrated with Vertiv Unify, the company’s scalable platform

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New Compute Exchange service answers GPU pricing queries

Compute Exchange and Silicon Data, Bochev added “are also working on developing clearer benchmarks for the compute market, and will have more details to share on that in the coming weeks.” PIC ‘should serve to keep suppliers honest ..’ Scott Bickley, an advisory fellow at Info-Tech Research Group, said he views the offering “as a way for enterprises to source short-term GPU capacity and possibly get a deal, especially if it is stranded capacity from the neocloud providers.” This, he said, “would also help to benchmark costs when purchasing this capacity in general, so it’s good, but it is also straightforward in terms of the value proposition.” He also noted that most companies are not buying GPU capacity directly; “This is for those that are building their own models or deploying their own AI applications atop existing models.” Bickley added, “it should serve to keep suppliers honest to some degree in terms of the floors and ceilings of the price to access GPU capacity.” Soon after Compute Exchange first launched in February, Matt Kimball, VP and principal analyst for data center compute and storage at Moor Insights & Strategy, described the GPU compute situation as “pretty dire. This is driven by what most view as a single supplier (Nvidia) selling GPUs before they can even be made to a market that has an insatiable thirst.” On Tuesday, following the announcement, he said that the concept of PIC is appealing: “I really like the idea of PIC as a tool for customers and seeing the compute exchange become an arbitrageur of sorts. This delivers a real value to [anyone] who is looking to utilize AI infrastructure,” he said.

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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