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Perplexity just made AI research crazy cheap—what that means for the industry

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Perplexity shattered the artificial intelligence market’s status quo today by launching Deep Research, a tool that generates comprehensive research reports in minutes and opens advanced AI capabilities to users at a fraction of typical enterprise costs. […]

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Perplexity shattered the artificial intelligence market’s status quo today by launching Deep Research, a tool that generates comprehensive research reports in minutes and opens advanced AI capabilities to users at a fraction of typical enterprise costs.

“Thankful for open source! We’re going to keep making this faster and cheaper,” wrote Perplexity CEO Aravind Srinivas in a post on X.com. “Knowledge should be universally accessible and useful. Not kept behind obscenely expensive subscription plans that benefit the corporates, but not in the interests of humanity!”

Perplexity Deep Research is redefining AI pricing—can enterprise AI survive?

The launch exposes a painful truth in AI pricing: expensive enterprise subscriptions may be unnecessary. While Anthropic and OpenAI charge thousands monthly for their services, Perplexity offers five free queries daily to all users. Pro subscribers pay $20 monthly for 500 daily queries and faster processing—a price point that could force larger AI companies to explain why their services cost up to 100 times more.

Companies have been significantly increasing their AI investments, with enterprise AI spending expected to rise by 5.7% in 2025, despite overall IT budget increases of less than 2%. Some businesses are planning to increase their AI spending by 10% or more, with an average increase of $3.4 million dedicated to AI initiatives. These investments now look questionable as Perplexity delivers similar capabilities at consumer prices.

In a typical query, Perplexity’s Deep Research tool performs 8 searches and consults 42 sources to generate a 1,300-word report in under 3 minutes. (Credit: Perplexity)

How Perplexity Deep Research is outperforming Google and OpenAI

Deep Research’s technical achievements suggest expensive AI services may be overpriced rather than superior. The system scored 93.9% accuracy on the SimpleQA benchmark and reached 20.5% on Humanity’s Last Exam, outperforming Google’s Gemini Thinking and other leading models.

“Deep Research on Perplexity completes most tasks in under 3 minutes,” the company announced, highlighting its ability to perform dozens of searches and analyze hundreds of sources simultaneously. The tool combines web search, coding capabilities, and reasoning functions to refine research iteratively—mimicking expert human researchers but at machine speed.

Perplexity Deep Research achieved a 93.9% accuracy score on the SimpleQA benchmark, substantially higher than competing models from OpenAI, Google, and Anthropic. (Credit: Perplexity)

Why Perplexity’s affordable AI is breaking down barriers to advanced technology

The implications stretch beyond pricing. Enterprise AI has created a digital divide between well-funded companies and everyone else. Small businesses, researchers, and professionals who couldn’t afford thousand-dollar subscriptions were effectively locked out of advanced AI capabilities.

Perplexity’s approach changes this calculation. The tool handles complex tasks from financial analysis and market research to technical documentation and healthcare insights. Users can export findings as PDFs or share them through Perplexity’s platform, potentially replacing expensive research subscriptions and specialized tools.

The company plans to expand Deep Research to iOS, Android, and Mac platforms, which could accelerate adoption among users who previously viewed AI tools as out of reach. This broad access may prove more valuable than any technical breakthrough—finally putting advanced AI capabilities in the hands of users who need them most.

For technical decision makers, this shift demands attention. Companies paying premium prices for AI services should examine whether those investments deliver value beyond what Perplexity now offers at a fraction of the cost. The answer may reshape how organizations approach AI spending in 2025 and beyond.

While Perplexity’s competitors scramble to justify their premium pricing, thousands of users are already testing Deep Research’s capabilities. Their verdict might matter more than any benchmark: in AI’s new reality, the best technology isn’t the one that costs the most—it’s the one people can actually use.

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Petrobras discovers hydrocarbons in Campos basin presalt offshore Brazil

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bp to operate blocks offshore Namibia through acquisition

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ConocoPhillips sends team to Venezuela to evaluate oil, gas opportunities

ConocoPhillips sent a team to Venezuela to evaluate oil and gas opportunities, the company confirmed to Oil & Gas Journal Apr. 13. In an email to OGJ, a company spokesperson said “ConocoPhillips can confirm that we sent a small evaluation team to Venezuela during the week of Apr. 6 to better understand the potential for in-country oil and gas opportunities.” Asked what clarity the company seeks, the spokesperson said the team “will evaluate Venezuela against other international opportunities as part of our disciplined investment framework.” The operator left Venezuela in 2007 after then-President Hugo Chavez’s government reverted privately run oil fields to state control. ConocoPhillips, along with ExxonMobil, refused the government’s terms and took claims to the World Bank’s International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). ConocoPhillips is owed about $12 billion following two judgements, an amount still sought by the company, which, prior to the expropriation of its interests, held a 50.1% interest in Petrozuata, a 40% interest in Hamaca, and a 32.5% interest in Corocoro heavy oil projects in Venezuela. In January, following the removal of Venezuela’s leader Nicolas Maduro, US President Donald Trump urged oil and gas companies to spend billions to rebuild Venezuela’s energy sector. ExxonMobil, which also exited the country in 2007, ​sent a technical team to Venezuela in March to ⁠evaluate the infrastructure and investment opportunities. In a discussion at CERAWeek by S&P Global in Houston in March, ConocoPhillips’ chief executive officer, Ryan Lance, said Venezuela needs to “completely rewire” ​its fiscal system to attract new ‌investment. The South American country holds a large cache of proven oil reserves, but has faced decades of production challenges due to mismanagement, underinvestment, and sanctions.

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TotalEnergies, TPAO sign MoU to assess exploration opportunities

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Insights: Vaca Muerta’s scale, productivity—and why it has more to give

In this Insights episode of the Oil & Gas Journal ReEnterprised podcast, upstream editor Alex Procyk delivers an in-depth technical and commercial overview of Argentina’s Vaca Muerta shale play, one of the world’s largest unconventional oil and gas resources—and one that continues to punch below its weight in total production. Procyk argues this is less a reflection of rock quality and more a result of development pace, infrastructure, and operational complexity. He also outlines why Vaca Muerta’s location—far from geopolitically sensitive supply routes—could make it increasingly important in global energy markets. Why Vaca Muerta matters now Despite resource estimates rivaling or exceeding major US shale plays, Vaca Muerta produces only a fraction of their total output. Procyk argues this is less a reflection of rock quality and more a result of development pace, infrastructure, and operational complexity. With major pipeline projects under way and LNG export capacity taking shape, Vaca Muerta may be poised to play a much larger role in global oil and gas supply. From the episode “On a per‑well basis, Vaca Muerta is one of the most productive unconventional plays on the planet.” “It’s a massive resource, but it hasn’t really been pushed yet.” “The geology isn’t uniformly great—but where it’s good, it’s very good.” “Managing risk versus reward isn’t a flaw in the process—that’s engineering.” “Vaca Muerta is about as far away from the Strait of Hormuz as you can get, and that matters.”

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Chevron agrees to heavy-oil asset swap with Venezuela’s PDVSA

Chevron Corp., through its subsidiaries with interests in Venezuela, agreed to an asset swap with Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA) and subsidiaries of PDVSA that the operator said, “will consolidate all parties’ focus on strategic assets in the country.” Chevron will receive an additional 13.21% working interest in the Petroindependencia SA joint venture, increasing its total stake to 49%. Petropiar SA, in which Chevron’s subsidiary holds a 30% interest, has been assigned the rights to develop the adjacent Ayacucho 8 area in Venezuela’s Orinoco Oil Belt. Venezuela will receive from Chevron subsidiaries its 60% and 100% operated interests in the offshore Plataforma Deltana Block 2 and Block 3 gas licenses, respectively, and its 25.2% non-operated interest in the Petroindependiente SA joint venture in western Venezuela. The Plataforma Deltana Block 2 license contains the Loran gas discovery and the Plataforma Deltana Block 3 license contains the Macuira gas discovery. “This agreement expands Chevron’s heavy oil position in two key joint ventures in Venezuela and reflects our disciplined development of the country’s significant resources. Ayacucho 8 is a producing asset in close proximity to Petropiar, which enhances development efficiencies,” said Javier La Rosa, president of Chevron Base Assets and Emerging Countries. Petroindependencia and Petropiar operate extra-heavy oil from projects in the Orinoco Oil Belt.

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DCF Tours: SDC Manhattan, 375 Pearl St.

Power: Redundant utility design in a power-constrained market The tour made equally clear that in Manhattan, power is still the central gating factor. The brochure describes SDC Manhattan as offering 18MW of aggregate power delivered to the building, backed by redundant electrical and mechanical systems, backup generators, and Tier III-type concurrent maintainability. The December 2025 press release updated that picture in a more market-facing way, noting that Sabey is one of the only colocation providers in Manhattan with available power, including nearly a megawatt of turnkey power and 7MW of utility power across two powered shell spaces. Bajrushi’s explanation of the electrical topology helped show how Sabey has made that possible. Standing on the third floor, he described a ring bus tying together four Con Edison feeds. Bajrushi said the feeds all originate from the same substation but take different paths into the building, creating redundancy outside the building as well as within it. He added that if one feed fails, the ring bus remains unaffected, and that only one feed is needed to power everything currently in operation. He also noted that Sabey has the ability to add two more feeds in the future if expansion calls for it. That matters in a city where available utility capacity is hard to come by and where many data center conversations end not with square footage but with a megawatt number. Bajrushi also noted that physical space is not the core constraint at 375 Pearl. He said the building still has plenty of room for future buildouts, including open areas that could become additional white space, chiller capacity, or other infrastructure. The bigger question, he suggested, is how and when power and supporting systems get installed. That observation aligns neatly with Sabey’s press release. The company is effectively arguing that SDC

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Maine to put brakes on big data centers as AI expansion collides with power limits

Mills has pushed for an exemption protecting a proposed $550 million project at the former Androscoggin paper mill in Jay, arguing it would reuse existing infrastructure without straining the grid. Lawmakers rejected that exemption. Mills’ office did not immediately respond to a request for comment. A national wave, an unanswered federal question Maine is one of at least 12 states now weighing moratorium or restraint legislation, alongside more than 300 data center bills filed across 30-plus states in the current session, according to legislative tracking firm MultiState. The shared concern is energy cost. Data centers could consume up to 12% of total US electricity by 2028, according to the US Department of Energy. On March 25, Senator Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez introduced the AI Data Center Moratorium Act in Congress, which would impose a nationwide freeze on all new data center construction until Congress passes AI safety legislation. The Trump administration has pursued a different path from the legislative approach being taken in states. On March 4, Amazon, Google, Meta, Microsoft, OpenAI, Oracle, and xAI signed the White House’s Ratepayer Protection Pledge, a voluntary commitment by hyperscalers to fund their own power generation rather than pass grid costs to ratepayers. The pledge, published in the Federal Register on March 9, carries no penalties for noncompliance or auditing requirements.

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Cisco just made two moves to own the AI infrastructure stack

In a world of autonomous agents, identity and access become the de facto safety rails. Astrix is designed to inventory these non-human identities, map their permissions, detect toxic combinations, and remediate overprivileged access before it becomes an exploit or a data leak. That capability integrates directly with Cisco’s broader zero-trust and identity-centric security strategy, in which the network enforces policy based on who or what the entity is, not on which subnet it resides in. How this strengthens Cisco’s secure networking story Cisco has positioned itself as the vendor that can deliver “AI-ready, secure networks” spanning campus, data center, cloud, and edge. Galileo and Astrix extend that narrative from infrastructure into AI behavior and identity governance: The network becomes the high‑performance, policy‑enforcing substrate for AI traffic and data. Splunk plus Galileo becomes the observability plane for AI agents, linking AI incidents to network and application signals. Security plus Astrix becomes the identity and permission-control layer that constrains what AI agents can actually do within the environment. This is the core of Cisco’s emerging “Secure AI” posture: not just using AI to improve security but securing AI itself as it is embedded across every workflow, API, and device. For customers, that means AI initiatives can be brought under the same operational and compliance disciplines already used for networks and apps, rather than existing as unmanaged risk islands. Why this matters to Cisco customers Most large Cisco accounts are exactly the enterprises now experimenting with AI agents in contact centers, IT operations, and business workflows. They face three practical problems: They cannot see what agents are doing end‑to‑end, or measure quality beyond offline benchmarks. They lack a coherent model for managing the identities, secrets, and permissions those agents depend on. Their security and networking teams are often disconnected from AI projects happening in lines of business.

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From Buildings to Token Factories: Compu Dynamics CEO Steve Altizer On Why AI Is Rewriting the Data Center Design Playbook

Not Falling Short—Just Not Optimized Altizer drew a clear distinction. Traditional data centers can run AI workloads, but they weren’t built for them. “We’re not falling short much, we’re just not optimizing.” The gap shows up most clearly in density. Legacy facilities were designed for roughly 300 to 400 watts per square foot. AI pushes that to 2,000 to 4,000 watts per square foot—changing not just rack design, but the logic of the entire facility. For Altizer, AI-ready infrastructure starts with fundamentals: access to water for heat rejection, significantly higher power density, and in some cases specific redundancy topologies favored by chip makers. It also requires liquid cooling loops extended to the rack and, critically, flexibility in the white space. That last point is the hardest to reconcile with traditional design. “The GPUs change… your power requirements change… your liquid cooling requirements change. The data center needs to change with it.” Buildings are static. AI is not. Rethinking Modular: From Containers to Systems “Modular” has been part of the data center vocabulary for years, but Altizer argues most of the industry is still thinking about it the wrong way. The old model centered on ISO containers. The emerging model focuses on modularizing the white space itself. “We’re not building buildings—we’re building assemblies of equipment.” Compu Dynamics is pushing toward factory-built IT modules that can be delivered and assembled on-site. A standard 5 MW block consists of 10 modules, stacked into a two-story configuration and designed for transport by trailer across the U.S. From there, scale becomes repeatable. Blocks can be placed adjacent or connected to create larger deployments, moving from 5 MW to 10 MW and beyond. The point is not just scalability; it’s repeatability and speed. Altizer ties this directly to a broader shift in how data centers are

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Data centers are moving inland, away from some traditional locations

The future is even less clear the further you go out. The vast majority of data centers planned for launch between 2028 and 2032 have yet to break ground and only a sliver are under construction. Those delays, it seems, appear to be twofold: first, the well-documented component shortage. Not just memory and storage, but batteries, electrical transformers, and circuit breakers. They all make up less than 10% of the cost to construct one data center, but as Andrew Likens, energy and infrastructure lead at AI data center provider Crusoe’s told Bloomberg, it’s impossible to build new data centers without them. “If one piece of your supply chain is delayed, then your whole project can’t deliver,” Likens said. “It is a pretty wild puzzle at the moment.” Second problem is the growing rebellion against data centers, both by citizens and governments alike. The latest pushback comes from the Seminole nation of Native Americans, who have banned data centers on their tribal lands. Of the data centers that are coming online in the next few months, the top states reflect what Synergy has been saying about data center migration to the interior of the country. Texas is leading the way, with 22.5 GW coming online, followed by New Mexico at 8.3 GW and Pennsylvania, which is making a major push for data centers to come to the state, at 7.1 GW.

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Hillwood, PowerHouse Advance $20B Joliet Data Campus as Midwest AI Buildout Accelerates

The approval of the Joliet Technology Center signals that the Chicago region is being pulled into the Midwest’s next phase of AI infrastructure development, one that has so far been led by Ohio and defined by scale, power demand, and rising public scrutiny. It also underscores a growing reality: local governments are beginning to understand exactly what that shift entails. On March 19, 2026, the Joliet City Council voted 8–1 to approve the conditional annexation of roughly 795 acres for the proposed Joliet Technology Center, a $20 billion data center campus backed by Hillwood and PowerHouse Data Centers. The site, near Rowell and Bernhard Roads on Joliet’s east side, is planned as a 24-building, multi-phase development that would rank among the most consequential digital infrastructure projects ever approved in Illinois. Joliet is now a clear case study in how the Midwest’s data center market is evolving: massive land assemblies, utility-scale power requirements, front-loaded community concessions, increasingly organized local opposition, and regulators working to ensure that the costs of AI infrastructure are not shifted onto ratepayers. A Project Too Large to Call Routine The Joliet Technology Center is a campus-scale industrial platform built for the AI era. Plans call for 24 two-story buildings of roughly 144,500 square feet each, with total development estimated at approximately 6.9 million square feet and up to 1.8 GW of eventual capacity. That places the project firmly in the emerging “AI factory” category, e.g. far-removed from the incremental, metro-edge data center expansions that defined earlier growth cycles. The distinction is critical. AI-scale campuses operate on a different economic and technical model. Fiber access and metro proximity are no longer enough. These developments require large, contiguous power blocks, land to support phased substation and utility infrastructure, and a political framework capable of absorbing what is effectively heavy

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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