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Virginia’s Loudoun County Grapples with Future of Data Centers as New Developments Continue Statewide

Where Economic Growth Meets Sustainability The data center industry’s contributions to local economies are undeniable. From job creation to substantial tax revenues, these facilities have reshaped Virginia’s economic landscape. Loudoun County alone hosts 199 operational data centers, with another 148 applications under review. The economic growth in ongoing data center development has spread out across […]

Where Economic Growth Meets Sustainability

The data center industry’s contributions to local economies are undeniable. From job creation to substantial tax revenues, these facilities have reshaped Virginia’s economic landscape. Loudoun County alone hosts 199 operational data centers, with another 148 applications under review.

The economic growth in ongoing data center development has spread out across the state even as it’s remained close to Data Center Alley. The ongoing growth underscores the demand for the infrastructure to support the digital economy, while highlighting ways forward and also challenges in sustainability and community compatibility. A pair of recent examples in the news exemplify this trend.

TECfusions Grows In Clarksville

In Clarksville, Virginia in far southern Mecklenburg County, TECfusions is spearheading innovative AI data center development. Backed by a $300 million loan agreement to be used for the development and expansion of its site there, the company’s flagship facility aims to meet the increasing demands of AI workloads.

Not simply growth to meet projected demand, the TECfusion expansion is a result of an urgent capacity requirement from one of their key tenants. 

According to a November press release by TECfusions:

In response to urgent capacity needs from a key tenant, gradual funding began in January 2024 and has now been solidified in a formal loan agreement, which includes the cumulative monies invested earlier. To date, $160 million has been allocated towards construction, with the remaining funds earmarked for completing Phase I of the Clarksville facility.

According to the company’s development timline, the site’s phased build-out is projected to reach 37.5 megawatts (MW) of capacity upon completion of the Clarksville data center’s Hall D. 

With the funding spanning a 15-year term, Mike Picchi, CFO of TECfusions, commented on its alignment with the company’s long term goals and meeting the needs of tenants:

“This agreement fully funds our Clarksville Phase I buildout and aligns perfectly with our long-term growth strategy, demonstrating the economic vitality of our approach and opening the doors for future expansion projects. With tenants that require immediate, scalable data center capacity, this funding enables us to meet that demand efficiently to ensure rapid deployment of capacity for today’s digital world.”

The company said that funds will be strategically allocated across several key initiatives, including AI-ready infrastructure deployment, on-site sustainable power generation solutions, and site infrastructure development. The investment is also expected to have a significant positive impact on the local community, creating numerous jobs in construction and operations while substantially expanding the region’s digital infrastructure and tax base.

Significantly, in being designed to house one of the world’s largest GPU clusters, TECfusions emphasizes that its adaptive reuse model exemplifies a sustainable approach, converting existing facilities into state-of-the-art data centers. This strategy not only accelerates deployment timelines but also minimizes environmental impact.

Iron Mountain Adds 350 MW of Data Center Capacity Across VA

Similarly, Iron Mountain’s recent expansion in Richmond and Manassas, with the company acquiring two new data center sites, highlights the Virginia data center industry’s rapid and ongoing scaling.

Iron Mountain is adding over 350 MW of planned capacity across the two new sites, which bring more than 100 acres to the company’s data center development portfolio.

The 66-acre site in Richmond is planned to become a 200 MW data center campus. With over 200 MW of expected capacity, Iron Mountain says its new Richmond campus “will be perfectly suited for highly regulated customers, thanks to its rigorous compliance program,” which will encompass: HIPAA, FISMA High, PCI-DSS, ISO 27001, ISO 50001, SOC2/3, among other codes.

The new Iron Mountain Richmond campus will be situated at the White Oak Technology Park in Henrico County, a unique business park with more than 2,200 acres for technology and data center campuses. Richmond has a robust power and network infrastructure, positioned along the I64 and I95 corridors, connecting to Northern Virginia and the subsea fiber cable landings in Virginia Beach.

For its part, the 40 acre site in Manassas will allow expansion of the existing 142-acre Iron Mountain campus there, which offers over 2 million square feet of energy-efficient space, with two new buildings, and potentially an additional 150 MW of capacity.

This acquisition includes the planned development of an electricity substation to ensure continued uninterrupted power supply across the Manassas campus.

Leveraging investment by energy providers to modernize transmission and distribution infrastructure, and a close partnership with local economic development authorities, Iron Mountain says its commitment to Virginia offers its customers secure, sustainable data centers that meet strict government regulations, all while benefiting from smart property tax savings.

The new developments promise significant economic benefits, including job creation and enhanced tax bases, while adhering to stringent sustainability standards, such as 100% renewable energy usage.

Mark Kidd, Executive Vice President and General Manager, Asset Lifecycle Management and Data Centers, Iron Mountain, said:

“The Commonwealth of Virginia has abundant infrastructure, a highly skilled workforce, strong fiber connectivity, and is a pro-business community – making it an ideal location to support our commitment to investing in high-growth markets that help drive our expansion strategy. As a leading data center provider, we’re excited to offer further critical capacity to our retail and hyperscale customers where and when they need it most.”

Points of Contention

While data centers bring economic advantages, their environmental and spatial footprints cannot be ignored, and have been continual points of contention with local government. These facilities consume vast amounts of electricity and require substantial land, often sparking debates over resource allocation.

In Loudoun County, for instance, Commission Chair Michelle Frank highlighted concerns about losing thriving businesses to data center developments, noting that skyrocketing land costs driven by data center demand could squeeze out other industries.

Proponents of data centers, however, argue that technological advancements and strategic planning can mitigate these issues.

Companies like TECfusions and Iron Mountain are pioneering energy-efficient designs and sustainable power generation solutions. These measures not only reduce carbon footprints but also align with broader environmental goals, ensuring that data centers remain viable in the long term.

The Path Forward: Zoning and Strategic Development

The future of data center development in Virginia hinges on thoughtful planning and regulatory clarity. As highlighted by Rizer and other stakeholders, identifying zones suitable for data centers is a critical step.

This approach would provide business owners with stability while safeguarding community interests. It would also prevent data centers from encroaching on residential areas or displacing other industries, as seen in recent debates over developments near Goose Creek and the Arcola area.

Moreover, collaboration between government bodies and industry leaders is essential. A letter sent to the commission on November 26th from County Chair Phyllis Randall and Transportation and Land Use Committee Chair Michael Turner underscores the urgency of reaching a consensus on zoning amendments.

Their proposed joint meetings between the Board of Supervisors and the Planning Commission aim to expedite decision-making, ensuring that regulatory changes reflect the county’s broader goals.

Innovative Models for Growth

Beyond zoning and regulation, the data center industry’s growth in Virginia offers an opportunity to embrace innovative development models. Adaptive reuse, as demonstrated by TECfusions, can serve as a blueprint for future projects. By repurposing existing structures, this approach not only accelerates deployment but also reduces the environmental impact of new construction.

Additionally, leveraging renewable energy and sustainable practices can address concerns about electricity consumption. Iron Mountain’s commitment to renewable energy and efficient cooling techniques exemplifies how data centers can align with environmental objectives. These innovations not only benefit the planet but also enhance the industry’s reputation, fostering goodwill among local communities and policymakers.

The evolution of data centers in Virginia reflects broader trends shaping the digital economy. As local governments navigate the challenges of zoning, regulation, and community impact, the need for collaboration and forward-thinking strategies becomes increasingly evident.

By balancing economic growth with sustainability and community well-being, Virginia can continue to lead in data center development, setting an example for regions worldwide.

JLARC Report

The Joint Legislative Audit & Review Commission of the Virginia legislature recently released a report on the impact of data centers on the state. This detailed review of data center impact (over 150 pages) covers everything from land use issues, to sustainability, water, and power impact.

The legislative report concludes that development of data centers in Virginia could triple the state’s energy demands if unconstrained. As succinctly reported by Virginia Mercury‘s Charlie Paullin:

“The report is in line with a recent regulatory filing from Dominion Energy stating annual increases in electric power demand would be relatively flat, if it weren’t for data centers […] Modelling from E3, a third-party consultant, showed that energy demand for the state would increase from just over 10,000 gigawatt hours in 2023 to just over 30,000 gigawatt hours by 2040, if data center development didn’t have to deal with constraints, including needing energy requirements like transmission lines to be available prior to coming online. 

Without data center development, the demand increased to about 12,500 gigawatt hours […] To meet those demands, more renewable energy facilities like solar and offshore will be needed, but so will natural gas, JLARC’s report stated, which would amount to a new plant being built every one and a half years, approximately […] ither meeting the full unconstrained demand, or half of it, relies on offshore wind and nuclear technology, which JLARC stated could come from the “unproven” small modular reactor technology.”

While we will be further covering the content of the JLARC report in an upcoming story, the nutshell is this: the report found that data centers provide a positive impact to Virginia’s economy, though it is mostly during the initial construction. And in the end, the success of this endeavor will depend on the ability of stakeholders to find common ground.

Whether through zoning reforms, innovative development models, or enhanced sustainability measures, the future of data centers lies in their capacity to adapt to changing demands while remaining rooted in the communities they serve.

Softening NIMBY in VA

And while NIMBY issues often dominate local politics, the development of data centers, with their global footprint, is slowly changing the perspective some Virginia communities have on their development.

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Trump Administration Keeps Indiana Coal Plants Open to Ensure Affordable, Reliable and Secure Power in the Midwest

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Energy Department Begins Delivering SPR Barrels at Record Speeds

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Data center poaching adds to staffing crisis

“You can’t just not have a pipeline and keep drawing from the same talent pool. It’s going to wane. It’s going to dwindle, and then eventually you’re going to be at a point where you are needing to upskill a bunch of people, rapidly all at once, and you don’t have enough senior experts to really pass on that information,” Weinschenk said. Shortages are shifting up the stack In 2023, Uptime data showed most staffing pain at junior and mid-level roles, particularly in facilities. Senior gaps were visible but less severe. By 2024, electrical expertise had become a pressure point, reflecting a broader trade shortage just as infrastructures densified and voltages increased. When asked which roles in the data center have the highest rates of staff turnover, respondents said: Operations junior/mid-level: 57% Operations management: 27% Electrical: 21% Cabling/IT: 20% Senior management/strategy: 12% Design: 7% None: 9% By 2025, a pattern emerged: Operations management roles overtook junior positions as shortage areas, Uptime reported, marking the arrival of the silver tsunami as highly experienced managers and engineers retire without enough trained successors to replace them. As more sites are built—often in regions with limited local expertise—operators are discovering they cannot simply hire experience indefinitely, Uptime said. The pool of ready-made experts is shrinking just as demand rises, according to its data. Poaching masks a deeper talent pipeline failure Uptime survey data revealed how heavily the sector leans on poaching. Roughly a quarter of staff departures are employees hired away by competitors; only a small amount of workers leave the industry entirely. Instead of investing in training and upskilling, many operators are rotating the same set of skilled people around the industry, hoping higher pay will keep them in place. Uptime said that this creates several long-term risks:

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Panasonic says datacenter batteries are selling out and AI is to blame

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Why AI rack densities make liquid cooling non-negotiable

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Executive Roundtable: AI Infrastructure Enters Its Execution Era

Miranda Gardiner, iMasons Climate Accord:  Since 2023, the digital infrastructure industry has moved definitively from planning to execution in the AI infrastructure cycle. Industry analysts forecast continued exponential growth, with active capacity at least doubling between now and 2030 and total capacity potentially tripling, quintupling, or more. In practical terms, we’ll see more digital infrastructure capacity come online in the next five year than has been built in the past 30 years, representing a historic industrial transformation requiring trillions of dollars in capital expenditure and a workforce measured in the millions. Design and organizational flexibility, integrated execution of sustainable solutions, and community-centered workforce development will separate those that thrive from those that struggle. Effective organizations will pivot quickly under these constantly shifting conditions and the leaders will be those that build fast but build right, as strategic flexibility balances long-term performance, efficiency, and regulatory compliance. We already know the resource intensity required to bring AI resources online and are working diligently to ensure this short-term, delivering streamlined and optimized solutions for everything from site selection to cooling and power management while lower lifecycle emissions. Additionally, in some regions, grid interconnection timelines and power availability are already the pacing item for data center development. Organizations that align their sustainability targets and energy procurement strategies will have a clearer path to execution. An operational model capable of delivering multiple large-scale facilities simultaneously across regions is another key piece to successful outcomes. Standardized, repeatable frameworks that reduce engineering time and accelerate permitting. We hear often about collaboration and strong partnerships, and these will be critical with utilities, regulators, and equipment manufacturers to anticipate bottlenecks before they impact schedules. Execution discipline will increasingly determine competitive advantage as the industry scales. The world and, especially, our host communities, are watching closely. Projects that move forward

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Executive Roundtable: The Coordination Imperative

Christopher Gorthy, DPR Construction:  Early collaboration of key stakeholders has become the baseline to deliver these complex projects. The teams that are successful in these environments are the ones who combine effective meeting structures with enough in‑person interaction to build real trust. Pairing those relationships with the right tools can help track key decision making, document reasoning, and keep everyone aligned on “The Why,” creating more predictable outcomes. Where the industry continues to feel fragmented is around liability, risk, and comfort with sharing design and model data. Achieving the speed these projects demand requires the entire team to understand each partner’s constraints and then working together to solve problems, communicating clearly and documenting decisions as they go. All of our partnerships are solving equations with multiple variables. Our teams must provide early feedback and solutions when faced with impacts or delays outside our control, and even earlier communications of impacts that cannot be mitigated. Open communication channels, whether through shared digital platforms or recurring working sessions, are critical to staying ahead of risk. As projects get bigger, alignment with financial institutions, insurance entities and private equity partners also have become essential.   The number of trade partners capable of taking on contracts of this size is limited, so making sure we are setting up our partners for success while also working to expand the network of qualified trade partners is a key strategy.  From a tactical standpoint, the most effective projects operate from a single integrated schedule that ties together the owner, vendors, general contractor, trades, commissioning teams, and all other stakeholders. Reinforcing this with consistent two‑ to three‑week look‑ahead reviews and onsite schedule coordination meetings regardless of contractual structure significantly increases alignment and efficiency at the project level.

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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