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What to expect from NaaS in 2025

Shamus McGillicuddy, vice president of research at EMA, says that network execs today have a fuller understanding of the potential benefits of NaaS, beyond simply a different payment model. NaaS can deliver access to new technologies faster and keep enterprises up-to-date as technologies evolve over time; it can help mitigate skills gaps for organizations facing […]

Shamus McGillicuddy, vice president of research at EMA, says that network execs today have a fuller understanding of the potential benefits of NaaS, beyond simply a different payment model.

NaaS can deliver access to new technologies faster and keep enterprises up-to-date as technologies evolve over time; it can help mitigate skills gaps for organizations facing a shortage of networking talent. For example, in a retail scenario, an organization can offload deployment and management of its Wi-Fi networks at all of its stores to a NaaS vendor, freeing up IT staffers for higher-level activities. Also, it can help organizations manage rapidly fluctuating demands on the network, he says.

2. Frameworks help drive adoption

Industry standards can help accelerate the adoption of new technologies. MEF, a nonprofit industry forum, has developed a framework that combines standardized service definitions, extensive automation frameworks, security certifications, and multi-cloud integration capabilities—all aimed at enabling service providers to deliver what MEF calls a true cloud experience for network services.

The blueprint serves as a guide for building an automated, federated ecosystem where enterprises can easily consume NaaS services from providers. It details the APIs, service definitions, and certification programs that MEF has developed to enable this vision. The four components of NaaS, according to the blueprint, are on-demand automated transport services, SD-WAN overlays and network slicing for application assurance, SASE-based security, and multi-cloud on-ramps.

3. The rise of campus/LAN NaaS

Until very recently, the most popular use cases for NaaS were on-demand WAN connectivity, multi-cloud connectivity, SD-WAN, and SASE. However, campus/LAN NaaS, which includes both wired and wireless networks, has emerged as the breakout star in the overall NaaS market.

Dell’Oro Group analyst Sian Morgan predicts: “In 2025, Campus NaaS revenues will grow over eight times faster than the overall LAN market. Startups offering purpose-built CNaaS technology will gain scale by working with service providers. This will push the growth of the LAN-as-a-Utility service higher than other types of CNaaS.” According to Dell’Oro, the leading players in CNaaS include Nile, Meter, Join Digital, and Ramen Networks, some of which are expanding their offerings in 2025.

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Rust 1.93 updates bundled musl library to boost networking

The Rust team has unveiled Rust 1.93, the latest version of the programming language designed to create fast and safe system-level software. This release improves operations involving the DNS resolver for the musl implementation of the  C standard library. Linux binaries are expected to be more reliable for networking as

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Intel nabs Qualcomm veteran to lead GPU initiative

Intel has struggled for more than two decades to develop a successful GPU/accelerated computing strategy, going all the way back to the aughts and the ill-fated Larrabee effort.  Its most recent efforts centered around Ponte Vecchio and Gaudi chips, neither of which have gained any traction. Still, CEO Lip-Bu Tan

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New Relic extends observability into ChatGPT-hosted apps

New Relic’s cloud-based observability platform monitors applications and services in real time to provide insights into software, hardware, and cloud performance. The new capability extends the platform’s browser agent into the GPT iframe environment. It captures standard telemetry data, including latency and connectivity of an application within the GPT iframe.

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USA Is Canceling Almost $30B in Biden-Era Energy Loans

The Trump administration said it’s canceling almost $30 billion of financing from the Energy Department’s green bank after reviewing transactions approved under former President Joe Biden. The Energy Department said Thursday that its Loan Programs Office — now called the Office of Energy Dominance Financing — also plans to revise another $53 billion of funding. In a statement, the department said it has eliminated about $9.5 billion in financing for wind and solar projects as part of the adjustment and plans to redirect the funding toward natural gas and nuclear projects. The Energy Department, which didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment, didn’t provide specific details on which other deals were affected. The Energy Department’s loans office swelled into a $400 billion green bank under Biden, partly due to an infusion in funds from his signature Inflation Reduction Act. The office has been used to finance Tesla Inc.’s Model S sedan and some of the first new nuclear reactors built in the US in decades by Southern Co. But the program drew criticism from Energy Secretary Chris Wright, who said the department closed or offered $85 billion of financing in the final months of the Biden presidency after Donald Trump’s election. “We found more dollars were rushed out the door of the Loan Programs Office in the final months of the Biden Administration than had been disbursed in over 15 years,” Wright said in Thursday’s statement.  While Trump once proposed killing the Energy Department program — arguing during his first term that the government had no business picking winners and losers — his administration later sought to tap the bank to pay for its own energy priorities. The administration has laid out plans to use the program, which has more than $289 billion in loan authority remaining, to finance

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Crude Closes Higher on Iran, Cold Weather

Oil rose as traders factored in the possibility of US military action in Iran that could upend supplies from one of OPEC’s leading producers, and a massive winter storm in the US pushing up the price of refined products. West Texas Intermediate rose 2.9% to settle above $61, posting a fifth weekly gain. Prices rose after President Donald Trump revived his threats to use military force against Iran’s senior leadership, with a US Navy carrier strike group moving toward the Middle East. While Trump previously walked back pledges to attack the country, a renewed pressure campaign could add to oil’s geopolitical risk premium given Iran’s strategic importance to the industry. Adding to the concern and the geopolitically driven bullish momentum, the US is also pressuring Iraq to disarm Iran-backed militias, the Financial Times reported. Meanwhile, the Kremlin poured cold water on hopes of a breakthrough to end Russia’s war in Ukraine. An end to the conflict could limit supply disruptions and sanctions on Moscow’s crude. “The bottom line is that geopolitical headlines remain plentiful and uncertainty remains exceptionally high. Heading into the weekend, crude is likely to trade in whichever direction the headlines push it,” said Rebecca Babin, a senior energy trader at CIBC Private Wealth Group. “For now, recent shifts in military assets and official commentary appear to be leaning back toward renewed concerns over potential military action involving Iran,” Babin added. If the US strikes Iran, prompting a retaliation, it is unlikely but possible that the conflict will impact oil supplies, according to Rapidan Energy Group. The geopolitical analysis firm assigned a 20% probability to a “sustained and severe interruption” in energy production and flows in the region. Oil products such as diesel, which can be used as heating oil in the US Northeast, are also pushing higher

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SLB Predicts Worst Is Behind Global Oil Market

SLB, the world’s largest oilfield-services provider, raised its dividend and posted fourth-quarter earnings that beat estimates as activity in the Middle East and other key regions accelerated and its data-center business rapidly expanded. The worst may be behind the global oil market, Chief Executive Officer Olivier Le Peuch said in a statement, predicting a gradual ramp-up in drilling activity in major regions including OPEC countries after a supply glut sent crude prices tumbling last year. Deriving the bulk of its revenue from overseas markets, Houston-based SLB is often regarded as a bellwether for the global oil industry and its financial health. Shares rose by as much as 4.8% to $51.67, briefly hitting the highest price since April 2024 before paring gains. “As we move into 2026, we believe that the headwinds we experienced in key regions in 2025 are behind us,” Le Peuch said. “In particular, we expect rig activity in the Middle East to increase compared to today’s level, and our footprint in the region puts us in a strong position to benefit from this recovery.” The data-center business, which grew 121% from a year earlier, helped to shield the company from lower oil prices and geopolitical uncertainty, he added. SLB has also increased its focus on production and recovery services, which help drillers to boost efficiency and extract more crude at lower cost. SLB has been expanding into oilfield tech and other ancillary business lines to offset muted growth in traditional drilling and US shale activity.  SLB posted adjusted fourth-quarter earnings of 78 cents a share, surpassing analysts’ estimates of 74 cents. The company increased its quarterly divided 3.5% to 29.5 cents a share. The company’s global footprint positions it to benefit from US government efforts to revive Venezuelan oil production, Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Scott Levine wrote in

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France Boards Oil Tanker Linked to Russia Shadow Fleet

France’s navy boarded an oil tanker coming from Russia into the Mediterranean Sea, as part of a global crackdown on shadow fleet ships used to export sanctioned crude. The operation was carried out on the high seas, with the support of several of France’s allies, French President Emmanuel Macron said on X. The vessel – the Grinch – is subject to international sanctions and suspected of flying a false flag, he said.  The operation comes amid a step-up in pressure on the shadow fleet of aging tankers globally. The US has been seizing ships tied to Venezuela’s oil exports – one of which sought the shelter of the Russian flag – while European nations have long talked about tougher measures against aging ships sailing through their waters. “We are determined to uphold international law and to ensure the effective enforcement of sanctions,” Macron said. “The activities of the ‘shadow fleet’ contribute to financing the war of aggression against Ukraine.” A judicial investigation has been opened and the vessel has been diverted, Macron said. UN rules allow checks to be carried out on ships suspected of carrying false flags, according to a statement from the country’s administration for maritime affairs in the Mediterranean. The French navy said the tanker, which came from Murmansk on Russia’s Arctic coast, was boarded in the Alboran Sea, south of Spain, and taken to a mooring. The tanker was loaded with cargo at the time, vessel-tracking data compiled by Bloomberg show. While not giving a destination, it was sailing in the direction of the Suez Canal, a common waypoint for tankers taking Russian barrels to Asia. It disappeared from the industry’s digital tracking system on Wednesday, not long after passing Gibraltar. The Equasis international shipping database does not provide contact details for the manager of the Grinch. A clampdown on the shadow

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Natural Gas Prices Across the USA Surge

Natural gas prices for near-term delivery at regional trading hubs across the US jumped as the market braced for a historic winter storm that’s poised to send temperatures plummeting and boost demand for the heating fuel.  So-called cash prices for gas at the benchmark Henry Hub in Louisiana to be delivered over the weekend surged early Friday to $18.80 per million British thermal units, according to traders. That compares with $8.42 on Thursday. Spot prices at the SoCal Citygate hub in California traded as high as $8 per million Btu as gas volumes delivered via pipeline from the Permian Basin in West Texas to the West Coast have likely been reduced, traders said. That’s up from $4.42 on Thursday. This week’s surge has been driven by forecasts for below-normal temperatures across most of the country, threatening to boost gas consumption and drain inventories. The freeze — particularly in the southern gas-producing states — has raised concerns about water icing in pipelines, potentially disrupting output starting this weekend. US natural gas futures for February delivery, meanwhile, rose for a fourth straight day. They were up 6.3% to $5.362 per million Btu as of 9:22 a.m. in New York, heading for their biggest weekly gain in records going back to 1990. The shift in US weather forecasts came days after hedge funds turned more bearish on gas at the end of last week, leaving the market poised for a rally as traders rushed to close out those wagers. Gas prices briefly climbed above $5.50 per million Btu on Thursday, a level that a Citigroup Inc. analysis on Thursday showed would wipe out all shorts.  WHAT DO YOU THINK? Generated by readers, the comments included herein do not reflect the views and opinions of Rigzone. All comments are subject to editorial review. Off-topic, inappropriate or

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USA Crude Oil Stocks Increase Week on Week

U.S. commercial crude oil inventories, excluding those in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), increased by 3.6 million barrels from the week ending January 9 to the week ending January 16, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) highlighted in its latest weekly petroleum status report. Crude oil stocks, not including the SPR, stood at 426.0 million barrels on January 16, 422.4 million barrels on January 9, and 411.7 million barrels on January 17, 2025, the EIA report, which was released on January 22 and included data for the week ending January 16, showed. Crude oil in the SPR stood at 414.5 million barrels on January 16, 413.7 million barrels on January 9, and 394.6 million barrels on January 17, 2025, the report revealed. Total petroleum stocks – including crude oil, total motor gasoline, fuel ethanol, kerosene type jet fuel, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, propane/propylene, and other oils – stood at 1.722 billion barrels on January 16, the report highlighted. Total petroleum stocks were up 8.3 million barrels week on week and up 100.3 million barrels year on year, the report pointed out. “At 426.0 million barrels, U.S. crude oil inventories are about two percent below the five year average for this time of year,” the EIA said in its latest weekly petroleum status report. “Total motor gasoline inventories increased by 6.0 million barrels from last week and are about five percent above the five year average for this time of year. Both finished gasoline and blending components inventories increased last week,” it added. “Distillate fuel inventories increased by 3.3 million barrels last week and are about one percent below the five year average for this time of year. Propane/propylene inventories decreased 2.1 million barrels from last week and are about 39 percent above the five year average for this

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Intel’s AI pivot could make lower-end PCs scarce in 2026

However, he noted, “CPUs are not being cannibalized by GPUs. Instead, they have become ‘chokepoints’ in AI infrastructure.” For instance, CPUs such as Granite Rapids are essential in GPU clusters, and for handling agentic AI workloads and orchestrating distributed inference. How pricing might increase for enterprises Ultimately, rapid demand for higher-end offerings resulted in foundry shortages of Intel 10/7 nodes, Bickley noted, which represent the bulk of the company’s production volume. He pointed out that it can take up to three quarters for new server wafers to move through the fab process, so Intel will be “under the gun” until at least Q2 2026, when it projects an increase in chip production. Meanwhile, manufacturing capacity for Xeon is currently sold out for 2026, with varying lead times by distributor, while custom silicon programs are seeing lead times of 6 to 8 months, with some orders rolling into 2027, Bickley said. In the data center, memory is the key bottleneck, with expected price increases of more than 65% year over year in 2026 and up to 25% for NAND Flash, he noted. Some specific products have already seen price inflation of over 1,000% since 2025, and new greenfield capacity for memory is not expected until 2027 or 2028. Moor’s Sag was a little more optimistic, forecasting that, on the client side, “memory prices will probably stabilize this year until more capacity comes online in 2027.” How enterprises can prepare Supplier diversification is the best solution for enterprises right now, Sag noted. While it might make things more complex, it also allows data center operators to better absorb price shocks because they can rebalance against suppliers who have either planned better or have more resilient supply chains.

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Reports of SATA’s demise are overblown, but the technology is aging fast

The SATA 1.0 interface made its debut in 2003. It was developed by a consortium consisting of Intel, Dell, and storage vendors like Seagate and Maxtor. It quickly advanced to SATA III in 2009, but there never was a SATA IV. There was just nibbling around the edges with incremental updates as momentum and emphasis shifted to PCI Express and NVMe. So is there any life to be had in the venerable SATA interface? Surprisingly, yes, say the analysts. “At a high level, yes, SATA for consumer is pretty much a dead end, although if you’re storing TB of photos and videos, it is still the least expensive option,” said Bob O’Donnell, president and chief analyst with TECHnalysis Research. Similarly for enterprise, for massive storage demands, the 20 and 30 TB SATA drives from companies like Seagate and WD are apparently still in wide use in cloud data centers for things like cold storage. “In fact, both of those companies are seeing recording revenues based, in part, on the demand for these huge, high-capacity low-cost drives,” he said. “SATA doesn’t make much sense anymore. It underperforms NVMe significantly,” said Rob Enderle, principal analyst with The Enderle Group. “It really doesn’t make much sense to continue make it given Samsung allegedly makes three to four times more margin on NVMe.” And like O’Donnell, Enderle sees continued life for SATA-based high-capacity hard drives. “There will likely be legacy makers doing SATA for some time. IT doesn’t flip technology quickly and SATA drives do wear out, so there will likely be those producing legacy SATA products for some time,” he said.

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DCN becoming the new WAN for AI-era applications

“DCN is increasingly treated as an end-to-end operating model that standardizes connectivity, security policy enforcement, and telemetry across users, the middle mile, and cloud/application edges,” Sanchez said. Dell’Oro defines DCN as platforms and services that deliver consistent connectivity, policy enforcement, and telemetry from users, across the WAN, to distributed cloud and application edges spanning branch sites, data centers and public clouds. The category is gaining relevance as hybrid architectures and AI-era traffic patterns increase the operational penalty for fragmented control planes. DCN buyers are moving beyond isolated upgrades and are prioritizing architectures that reduce operational seams across connectivity, security and telemetry so that incident response and change control can follow a single thread, according to Dell’Oro’s research. What makes DCN distinct is that it links user-to-application experience with where policy and visibility are enforced. This matters as application delivery paths become more dynamic and workloads shift between on-premises data centers, public cloud, and edge locations. The architectural requirement is eliminating handoffs between networking and security teams rather than optimizing individual network segments. Where DCN is growing the fastest Cloud/application edge is the fastest-growing DCN pillar. This segment deploys policy enforcement and telemetry collection points adjacent to workloads rather than backhauling traffic to centralized security stacks. “Multi-cloud remains a reality, but it is no longer the durable driver by itself,” Sanchez said. “Cloud/application edge is accelerating because enterprises are trying to make application paths predictable and secure across hybrid environments, and that requires pushing application-aware steering, policy enforcement, and unified telemetry closer to workloads.”

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Edged US Builds Waterless, High-Density AI Data Center Campuses at Scale

Edged US is targeting a narrow but increasingly valuable lane of the hyperscale AI infrastructure market: high-density compute delivered at speed, paired with a sustainability posture centered on waterless, closed-loop cooling and a portfolio-wide design PUE target of roughly 1.15. Two recent announcements illustrate the model. In Aurora, Illinois, Edged is developing a 72-MW facility purpose-built for AI training and inference, with liquid-to-chip cooling designed to support rack densities exceeding 200 kW. In Irving, Texas, a 24-MW campus expansion combines air-cooled densities above 120 kW per rack with liquid-to-chip capability reaching 400 kW. Taken together, the projects point to a consistent strategy: standardized, multi-building campuses in major markets; a vertically integrated technical stack with cooling at its core; and an operating model built around repeatable designs, modular systems, and readiness for rapidly escalating AI densities. A Campus-First Platform Strategy Edged US’s platform strategy is built around campus-scale expansion rather than one-off facilities. The company positions itself as a gigawatt-scale, AI-ready portfolio expanding across major U.S. metros through repeatable design targets and multi-building campuses: an emphasis that is deliberate and increasingly consequential. In Chicago/Aurora, Edged is developing a multi-building campus with an initial facility already online and a second 72-MW building under construction. Dallas/Irving follows the same playbook: the first facility opened in January 2025, with a second 24-MW building approved unanimously by the city. Taken together with developments in Atlanta, Chicago, Columbus, Dallas, Des Moines, Kansas City, and Phoenix, the footprint reflects a portfolio-first mindset rather than a collection of bespoke sites. This focus on campus-based expansion matters because the AI factory era increasingly rewards developers that can execute three things at once: Lock down power and land at scale. Standardize delivery across markets. Operate efficiently while staying aligned with community and regulatory expectations. Edged is explicitly selling the second

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CBRE’s 2026 Data Center Outlook: Demand Surges as Delivery Becomes the Constraint

The U.S. data center market is entering 2026 with fundamentals that remain unmatched across commercial real estate, but the nature of the dominant constraint has shifted. Demand is no longer gated by capital, connectivity, or even land. It is gated by the ability to deliver very large blocks of power, on aggressive timelines, at a predictable cost. According to the CBRE 2026 U.S. Real Estate Market Outlook as overseen by Gordon Dolven and Pat Lynch, the sector is on track to post another record year for leasing activity, even as vacancy remains at historic lows and pricing reaches all-time highs. What has changed is the scale at which demand now presents itself, and the difficulty of meeting it. Large-Block Leasing Rewrites the Economics AI-driven workloads are reshaping leasing dynamics in ways that break from prior hyperscale norms. Where 10-MW-plus deployments once commanded pricing concessions, CBRE now observes the opposite behavior: large, contiguous blocks of capacity are commanding premiums. Neocloud providers, GPU-as-a-service platforms and AI startups, many backed by aggressive capital deployment strategies, are actively competing for full-building and campus-scale capacity.  For operators, this is altering development and merchandising strategies. Rather than subdividing shells for flexibility, owners increasingly face a strategic choice: hold buildings intact to preserve optionality for single-tenant, high-density users who are willing to pay for scale. In effect, scale itself has become the scarce asset. Behind-the-Meter Power Moves to the Foreground For data centers, power availability meaning not just access, but certainty of delivery, is now the defining variable in the market.  CBRE notes accelerating adoption of behind-the-meter strategies as operators seek to bypass increasingly constrained utility timelines. On-site generation using natural gas, solar, wind, and battery storage is gaining traction, particularly in deregulated electricity markets where operators have more latitude to structure BYOP (bring your own power) solutions. 

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Blue Origin targets enterprise networks with a multi-terabit satellite connectivity plan

“It’s ideal for remote, sparse, or sensitive regions,” said Manish Rawat, analyst at TechInsights. “Key use cases include cloud-to-cloud links, data center replication, government, defense, and disaster recovery workloads. It supports rapid or temporary deployments and prioritizes fewer customers with high capacity, strict SLAs, and deep carrier integration.” Adoption, however, is expected to largely depend on the sector. For governments and organizations operating highly critical or sensitive infrastructure, where reliability and security outweigh cost considerations, this could be attractive as a redundancy option. “Banks, national security agencies, and other mission-critical operators may consider it as an alternate routing path,” Jain said. “For most enterprises, however, it is unlikely to replace terrestrial connectivity and would instead function as a supplementary layer.” Real-world performance Although satellite connectivity offers potential advantages, analysts note that questions remain around real-world performance. “TeraWave’s 6 Tbps refers to total constellation capacity, not per-user throughput, achieved via multiple optical inter-satellite links and ground gateways,” Rawat said. “Optical crosslinks provide high aggregate bandwidth but not a single terabit-class pipe. Performance lies between fiber and GEO satellites, with lower intercontinental latency than GEO but higher than fiber.” Operational factors could also affect network stability. Jitter is generally low, but handovers, rerouting, and weather conditions can introduce intermittent performance spikes. Packet loss is expected to remain modest but episodic, Rawat added.

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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