Stay Ahead, Stay ONMINE

Love is infrastructure

I. Meet cute Barnabas and Mainspring grew up near at hand, about an hour apart with good traffic, but for a long time they weren’t close. They traded glimpses and occasional hellos and then went about their business. Both of them carried on livelier conversations with farther-flung neighbors, who were richer and had more to offer. When Mainspring did interact with Barnabas, it was cringe. Mainspring liked to puff themself up, to strut around like a big deal—an innovator, a titan of industry—but they would turn shy at the worst moments, especially in any intimate conversation. Barnabas, meanwhile, had a dancer’s flair, an artsy, enigmatic glamour, except that when they tried to talk about real life, they’d blurt out hundreds of rapid-fire words—overtalking, overthinking, and generally overwhelming whomever they were trying to impress. So when Barnabas and Mainspring were young, they minded their own business. Until they’d both come into their own, and they saw each other properly. A group of geographers got together every year in a different place to talk about everything they had learned, and they were considering coming to visit either Mainspring or Barnabas. Both of them put on their best faces and tried to coax the geographers into choosing them as host. “Uh, hi-hello,” Mainspring said haltingly to Barnabas, whose full official name was St. Barnabas. “I really think it would be better if those geographers came to my place. I have more space, you see, and … and I am a titan of industry. I can show them practical applications of their research. It just makes more sense.” “Oh, really?” Barnabas laughed, making Mainspring more antsy. “Well, I can give them an elevated, artisanal experience. I have fresh croissants that were just written up in the Times. And I have plenty of space! I have so many friends who are great thinkers and architects. It’ll be lovely.” Barnabas carried on, basically calling Mainspring uncultured. Mainspring had a prickly feeling, like the worst heat dome of midsummer. For their part, Barnabas couldn’t bear the meanness they were inculcating inside themself. This feeling that they were small-time, no-account, a dilettante. They couldn’t stop aiming a flood of nervous words at Mainspring. At last, Mainspring had had enough—with the help of their city council and mayor, they offered the geographers a much-too-lavish deal that Barnabas could never hope to match. Totally worth it to hear Barnabas’s stream of self-aggrandizing nonsense peter out as they realized they’d been defeated. “There,” Mainspring said. “I’m going to show these geographers a time they’ll never forget. Now if you’ll excuse me, I’ve wasted enough energy—I have some sewer maintenance and a lovely parade to deal with. Goodbye.” Mainspring was skilled enough at multitasking that they could have fixed the sewer, ensured the smooth running of the parade, dealt with the geographers, and done a thousand other things all at the same time. But they were making a point. “St. Barnabas is such a fool,” Mainspring complained to their friend Turnbull. “They are totally unserious but determined to be taken seriously. It drives me to gridlock.” “I know what you mean,” lamented Turnbull. “We live in a world of posers.” Turnbull lived an hour and 15 minutes from Mainspring but at least two hours’ travel from Barnabas. Turnbull was even richer than Mainspring and had a certain surety of purpose that made Mainspring feel even more like a stammering numpty. “Whatever,” said Mainspring. “It’s over, and now I’ll never worry about St. Barnabas again. I have better things to fuss about. Like ensuring that every last detail of this geographer meeting goes perfectly.” II. How they came alive Everybody voted all the time. Well, some people voted more than others, but the median resident of the cities of Mainspring and St. Barnabas voted a dozen times a day—though of course some outliers might vote occasionally, or constantly. A lot of the votes were more like complaints, or bug tickets. Like: “The storm drain on my street corner clogs and becomes a lagoon every time it rains.” Or: “The cars go too fast on my block.” Or: “I can’t get to work because the bus is too slow.” But there were also votes along the lines of: “There should be a park here.” And: “This neighborhood is a food desert—we need a grocery store.” And: “The crossing guard by the elementary school is a hero who deserves some recognition and maybe a raise.” Nobody expected that by voting, they were prodding their cities to grow minds of their own; they just had stuff to get off their metaphorical chests. But it transpired that every vote was a building block of thought. Much later, some fancy expert summed up: “Turns out the smallest unit of consciousness is a vote.” Take Sandi, the librarian at the Nine Corners branch in Mainspring. She noticed things all day, like the people using the book drop box as a trash can, or the folks who came in off the street who could use easier access to social services. There were books she knew her patrons wanted, books that undoubtedly sat unwanted on people’s shelves all over the city. But also, Sandi shared things that came to mind—like, hey, what if the library book sale were a block party? What if the shopping district on the West Side were easier to get to from the Longneck neighborhood, where all the warehouses had been converted to housing and hipster coworking spaces, during peak after-work hours? Sandi had opinions about everything from street cleaning to the power grid, because she listened to people all day. Then there was Raeford, a bartender at the Wild Goose Chase in the middle of Gallery Row in St. Barnabas. He also listened to people’s problems from evening until the wee hours, and solutions came to him like clockwork when he woke at noon the next day. He saw St. Barnabas at night, so he knew the unsafe blocks that could use brighter streetlights, the places where hydroelectric jitneys drove too fast at 3 a.m., and the teens who needed an all-ages hangout. He also knew about the fish fry at the Black church in the Uptilt District that kept being disrupted by noxious smoke from the incinerator two blocks away. And the yarn store on the edge of Gallery Row that needed a disabled parking spot for its many customers with mobility issues. People voted with their Quills, usually by saying or typing a short message and maybe including a photo or brief video. Voting was easy by design, and votes were public but anonymized to the point where even a statistics whiz couldn’t tie one vote to a specific person—same as with major elections. The votes went directly to the City Core, which tracked, tabulated, produced reports, and offered solutions with the help of workers in the city government.  Trees voted too, thanks to sensors in their bark, and so did birds and squirrels that had eaten special birdseed that monitored their gut flora harmlessly. But votes from humans provided the greatest insight into “quality of life,” that oh-so-nebulous concept, and thus counted the most. There was some debate, but almost everyone agreed: The city had started voting. And it had opinions on every last thing. (Other cities in the region operated differently, of course. Like Turnbull City, where instead of expecting residents to volunteer every stray notion, the City Core gathered information via ubiquitous surveillance. Cameras and Quill sniffers, tracking devices on vehicles—the things privacy laws in both Mainspring and St. Barnabas had banned. A city like Turnbull tracked its people to meet their needs without their needing to say anything.) Sandi and Raeford, as two of the people who voted the most, were among the earliest to suspect their cities were developing minds of their own. At first the clues were subtle: Raeford voted about a hazardous sidewalk crack, and instantly the vote had an annotation mentioning the Argentine ant colony under the cement, the local rainfall patterns, and recent trends in skateboard design—much too soon to be the work of a human. Sandi had ideas about the communal compost station on her block, and the Mainspring City Core made subtle adjustments to her proposal. And then it became obvious to anyone who was paying attention, around the same time in both cities. One day, the number of votes nearly doubled in both St. Barnabas and Mainspring. People voted on a birdfeeder or a public toilet only to see a second vote, pro or con, within a split second—but also, some votes from months or years earlier suddenly had new upvotes or downvotes. “The city is voting!” Raeford wrote on the City Core message board in St. Barnabas. There was some debate, but almost everyone agreed: The city had started voting. And it had opinions on every last thing, opinions that came from seeing the big picture and understanding that a street closure in one place might mean a traffic nightmare elsewhere, with everyone trying to get to the big game. Some residents saw this as a problem to be solved; others wanted to throw their cities a big coming-of-age party. A week later, though, almost everyone had gotten used to the idea that they had a new friend. III. Thrown together Ask most people in either city, and they’d say that St. Barnabas and Mainspring weren’t quite rivals—but they certainly had some friendly competition. Before the dispute over the annual meeting of the World Geographical Society, they’d also vied for the same football team and major-league baseball team. St. Barnabas had pushed to have the Mainspring airport built close enough to serve both cities, but in the end St. Barnabas had ended up with its own small, dilapidated airfield. The real static between them had to do with vibes. Mainspring was too buttoned-up, too full of corporate offices: tech, health care, publishing, transportation. St. Barnabas would be nothing without its three universities and all the cultural enterprises that had sprung up around them—not to mention the small biotech firms and other tech ventures near the campuses. People in Mainspring thought St. Barnabas was full of flakes; in St. Barnabas they referred to Mainspring as the Straitlaced City (and in the next breath, they’d add that at least it wasn’t Turnbull). Both City Cores were shaped by the votes of their humans, so of course they absorbed all the prejudices and attitudes of everyone who lived within their city limits. But also, Barnabas and Mainspring simply … got on each other’s nerves. After the geographer thing, Mainspring and Barnabas avoided communicating as much as possible. Some contact was unavoidable—like, they shared information about some nasty weather, and they both drew water from the Temple River. The two cities were close enough for people to go back and forth, and a few even commuted.  But for the most part, the two cities could ignore each other. Until they couldn’t. A new generation of leaders took office in both places, with words like “intercity cooperation” constantly on their lips. A high-speed rail line could shorten the trip between Mainspring and St. Barnabas to around 23 minutes, and the two cities could also pool more real-time information about the sudden weather events that kept happening. They could become a Regional Center of Excellence, whatever that meant, combining the innovations from Barnabas’s labs with Mainspring’s expertise in technical implementation. They could work together to attract tourism, conventions, sporting events, dreamleases, and all the other stuff they’d always competed for. “It’s preposterous,” Mainspring complained to Turnbull. “I’m going to be saddled with a ridiculous partner who doesn’t even know their own mind. St. Barnabas will be the death of me.” “I hope your human leaders come to their senses,” Turnbull said. “Or you can find a way to slow-walk this until they undoubtedly lose the next election. You’re a lovely city, and you have so much potential that mustn’t be squandered.” Turnbull often mentioned how much “potential” Mainspring had: a recipe for anxiety. The word “squandered” conjured images of ruin, abandonment, being emptied out.  For their part, Barnabas kept muttering to themself that nobody had asked them—this was the disconnect between the small-scale democracy of constant voting and the major elections, which gave rise to local leaders with big plans. Big plans that invariably went wrong, leaving the City Core to repair the damage somehow. Sandi went to St. Barnabas for one of those town hall meetings with residents of both cities. The previous meeting had happened in Mainspring, at the opulent City Lecture Hall, so this one was in St. Barnabas, at the biggest auditorium on the Griffin University campus. A tall man with well-sculpted facial hair sat next to Sandi, nodding at everything the leaders of both cities were saying from the dais. During a lull when someone approached the podium to offer a comment, Sandi introduced herself and asked why he was so fired up. “I’m Raeford,” he said. “I’m just thinking of all the new customers this could bring to my watering hole in Gallery Row.” “You’re not worried about St. Barnabas losing its ‘unique character’?” Sandi whispered, parroting what a few commenters had said from the podium. “Nah,” Raeford whispered back. “Cities change. It’s what they do. It’s one thing if people get kicked out of their homes. Or if your neighborhood gets wrecked by a freeway in your backyard. But ‘character’? You can’t eat character. And we need to compete with the bigger players.” “I guess.” Sandi pursed her lips. “But what I like about Mainspring is the density. Easy to walk, lots of transit. And with this regional innovation zone or whatever they’re calling it, I worry it leads to sprawl, like we used to have.” “They promised, though,” Raeford said. “They promised to preserve the greenbelt around both cities. We need all that farmland. The only change is adding some high-speed rail tracks.” “I know, but …” Sandi sniffed. “People always make promises when they’re trying to start something. Doesn’t mean they follow through.” “I just want to find my dog,” said a man sitting behind Sandi. “I live here, and my dog went missing. And now someone sent me a picture of Broomstick in Mainspring. Somehow he got a ride on one of the self-driving cargo trains. I know the Mainspring City Core could find Broomstick in a heartbeat, but right now the two City Cores won’t talk to each other because of ‘incompatible protocols.’” “I hope Broomstick turns up,” Raeford said. “I’ll ask around at the library,” Sandi said. “Send me a picture. I’ll put up a flier.” Raeford invited Sandi for a drink at the Wild Goose Chase. The two of them hung out for a couple of hours, talking about everything and nothing. She tore herself away when she realized it was already after 10 p.m. and she had to get home to Mainspring. One thing Sandi noticed? The volume of votes was spiking in Mainspring—and Raeford found the same thing happening in St. Barnabas. People shared every last observation with their City Cores, because they were either anxious or excited about the big changes afoot. Or a little of Column A and a little of Column B, probably. IV. First date, second date Who made the first move to bridge the distance? Neither of them could say. Barnabas developed a smidge of remorse for treating Mainspring like an uncultured lout. Mainspring stewed in their annoyance at Barnabas, until they realized there was something lovable about the obnoxious college town. Or maybe they both saw how many of their humans were happy about the possibility of their joining together. “Hey,” Barnabas said to Mainspring. “Hey,” Mainspring said back. “Do you want to … hang out?” “What did you have in mind?” “I can host you. Show you the sights.” And so Mainspring came to visit Barnabas. Or rather, Mainspring extended part of their awareness into Barnabas’s City Core, so that Barnabas could share what they perceived and experienced every day. They “visited” Armistice Park with its outdoor band shell, Gallery Row with its window-shopping families, the grain warehouses that had been converted into lofts, the artificial lake where swans and geese nurtured ancient, bitter vendettas. The fresh-doughnut scent that wafted half a mile from the Golden Circlet to the soccer fields, throwing players off their game. The life of the city. “I can feel your love for these people, these patterns,” Mainspring said. “It’s both deep and intricate, which is quite a combination.” Barnabas fluttered with pleasure. Then Mainspring got to show off their own city—the gay nightclub with its cowboy nights, the labyrinthine Crestwood Park, the three-story used bookstore, and yes, the offices, coworking spaces, and startup incubators where people huddled together and came up with new products and new ways of doing things. The farmers’ market in the city center on Sundays, with street performers and stalls with games and local resources. And the converted storage space made of cement, where bands practiced and sculptors blowtorched. “You’re full of surprises,” Barnabas said. “I hope I keep surprising you forever,” Mainspring said. “Me too.” They exchanged little gifts. A new organic restaurant in Barnabas had won breathless coverage from foodie magazines, and Barnabas encouraged it to do a pop-up in Mainspring. Mainspring nudged a robotics firm operating out of the incubator space to bring a fancy demo to Barnabas; the robots were adorable and playful, and they could save lives after a disaster. The two of them were talking constantly. “Does it ever seem weird to you?” Barnabas asked Mainspring. “Being a living thing made of so many other thinking beings? Do you ever think of the city as your body, or the people as your bloodstream? Is there a metaphor that speaks to you?” Mainspring pondered this question a long time—a whole picosecond. “I don’t need a metaphor,” Mainspring said. “I am a metaphor. People compare other phenomena to me all the time. And I can’t imagine what it’d be like to be different. If the buildings collapsed, if the people left, I would cease to exist.” “But,” Barnabas pressed, “what makes you you? What makes me me?” “I want to hear your answer to that question.” Mainspring sent good weather reports: a smile. “I don’t have a good answer. I guess on one level, there is no ‘me.’ On another level, I’m a constellation, an anthill, a flock of geese on the wing in formation.” “Ugh. Don’t mention geese,” said Mainspring, who had bill-snapping monsters of their own. “Geese are cute!” Barnabas protested. Talking to Barnabas was like when the sunlight hit the tallest buildings in Mainspring just right, putting a gleam on their tilted windows, a beacon to all below. But while Mainspring carried on this dialogue with Barnabas, they were conducting a second session with Turnbull. “I can’t believe it,” Turnbull said. “I hate to see you doing this to yourself.” “Doing what?” Mainspring protested. “Barnabas is a great city. And it’s not my idea—it’s my people. I’m making the best of their decision, like I always do.” “Hmph.” Turnbull gave a burst of noisy data. “You wouldn’t believe how many impractical schemes my residents cook up. I’m constantly having to make sure people don’t get carried away. You can’t let them push you around.” “You can’t?” Mainspring experienced a femtosecond of confusion. “I mean, my people need to get the things they vote for, as much as possible.” “There’s your problem right there. All this voting, voting, voting. People don’t know what they want. Sometimes I have an election where a foolhardy proposition passes, and I have to waste energy making sure it doesn’t get implemented.” Turnbull sent Mainspring an invitation to come visit, the way they’d visited Barnabas. Soon Mainspring was seeing the glistening web of Turnbull’s surveillance. Turnbull could track people everywhere they went, listen to everything they talked about, monitor their bodily functions in a way Mainspring did only for squirrels and birds. People didn’t choose to share ideas or things they’d noticed; instead, the city harvested it all automatically. It was beautiful. Turnbull and their city leaders protected people—gave them what they needed instead of what they wanted. “The way you do things is so messy,” Turnbull said. “No offense. But if you and Barnabas got together? It would only make things harder for you.” This hit Mainspring like a magnitude 4.3 earthquake.  “You know, you do have other options,” Turnbull said. “A beautiful city like you could do a lot better than that glorified college town.” “Oh yeah?” Mainspring said. “Anyone in particular who might be interested?” “Well, now you mention it …” Turnbull sent an image of their award-winning flower show: rows and rows of hardy perennials with bright petals. Mainspring had that earthquake feeling again, except now it felt nice, as though the ground shivered with pure possibility. V. Caught! Sandi brought her laptop to bed, which Raeford found charming and annoying in equal measure. He read a battered paperback of Karen Tei Yamashita’s I Hotel while she scrolled and poked. Cozy, peaceful—until she let out a yelp. “What is it?” he asked. “Trouble,” she said. Everything the Mainspring City Core did was public by design. Not just how they processed the votes they received, but also their interactions with public officials and other cities. Sometimes you had to dig, however, and it didn’t hurt to be a reference librarian. Sandi poked around for ages until she found the logs. “My city is sexting with bloody Turnbull,” she told Raeford. “Cities don’t sext,” Raeford protested. “They don’t even have—” She showed him the pictures: flowers, water features, new glistening tarmac, shining skyscrapers. “Oh,” Raeford said. “I take it back. Cities do sext.” “Mainspring is two-timing St. Barnabas. I’m embarrassed on behalf of my town.” Sandi wanted to blow the whistle right away, but Raeford cautioned her to wait and try to find out more. For all they knew, Mainspring and St. Barnabas had an open relationship. The next morning at the library, Sandi saw plenty of signs the Mainspring–St. Barnabas partnership was moving forward. Work had begun on the high-speed rail line, and the two cities were already pooling resources. When a big rainstorm missed Mainspring but flooded the streets of St. Barnabas, Mainspring provided disaster workers and extra help to triage all the damage reports. One of St. Barnabas’s biotech firms licensed some patents to a Mainspring company. They sponsored cultural exchanges. And a man showed up with a dog in his arms: The man from the meeting, Jack, had found Broomstick with the help of Mainspring’s City Core, and he wanted to thank Sandi. She’d hardly done anything, but it was nice to see—and pet—a living reminder that these cities were good for each other. By late afternoon, Sandi had convinced herself that Mainspring’s flirtations were none of her business. If Mainspring’s City Core was a person—and Sandi was sure they were—they deserved to live their life. The whole reason Sandi distrusted Turnbull was that you couldn’t do anything without being tracked, so wasn’t it hypocritical for her to spy on Mainspring? She resolved to let it go. Then Raeford messaged her, attaching some documents. “Don’t ask where I got these,” he wrote. Sandi opened the attachments and let out a shriek in front of three patrons she’d been shushing a moment earlier. The Mainspring City Core had shared a proposal with the city council and the mayor’s office: Maybe before they finalized this arrangement with St. Barnabas, they should consider a counterproposal from Turnbull. Sandi made sure nothing could be traced back to Raeford before she made the whole shebang public. VI. The breakup “I didn’t know I could be so happy,” Barnabas was saying to Mainspring. “I didn’t have a concept of happiness before, I guess. I had pleasure: People sometimes vote just to tell me something worked perfectly, or that I helped them. I feel pleased when I help solve a problem. But until now, happiness seemed a pointless abstraction.” “You make me happy too,” Mainspring said, though they were also messaging Turnbull. “You make me believe the future could be weirder than I ever knew, which feels like a gift.” “If it’s not weird, it’s not the future,” Barnabas chirped. They were sharing happy images back and forth: roads being repaired, sewers flowing freely, solar arrays basking. Mainspring was saying something else, but— Barnabas’s alerts spiked. Not votes, not sensors. Something else. Messages from city officials, plus hits via some channel Barnabas had half forgotten. Mainspring had stopped talking, as if they’d both received the same news at the same instant. Barnabas felt stuck—couldn’t function—couldn’t react. Total core failure. Almost as if the city population had increased a hundredfold and everyone had voted at once. Barnabas waited to feel something, but all that came was emptiness. Death struck all the time. Barnabas was used to the moment when a resident became a pile of flesh and bones, but also the passing of birds, trees, squirrels, bugs. Every passing registered as a blip in the homeostasis of the city, but also as a category of disaster that couldn’t be prevented or mitigated.  Seeing the logs of Mainspring flirting with Turnbull, Barnabas felt something like the awareness of death, at a much greater scale. A whole future had just died. Several seconds had passed. Mainspring broke the silence: “Listen, I want you to know that I—” Barnabas closed the connection. VII. The darkest hour “You’re better off,” Turnbull told Mainspring. “Barnabas couldn’t see you the way I do. You’re capable of greatness. You just need help to get there.” Mainspring buzzed happily—but part of them couldn’t help thinking, Barnabas thought I was already great. Turnbull kept saying things that gave Mainspring a double feeling—hot and cold at once. One instant, it was like the moment after a generous rainfall that left the reservoirs full, but a split second later that bountiful sensation was replaced by an unbearable pang of scarcity. “You’re one of the best cities in the region,” Turnbull said, “but if you don’t make good choices, you’re going to fall behind.” See? Bounty followed by scarcity.  While Turnbull spoke, Mainspring was marinating in bad news. People were going to dismantle the rails they’d laid down for the high-speed train with Barnabas. The city councils of both Barnabas and Mainspring shouted accusations and threats of lawsuits, though a few people on each side pleaded for patience. The meetings had turned ugly. The votes were rotten.  Mainspring had sent so many messages to Barnabas but had no way of knowing if they’d been received. “Your people seem to be giving you trouble,” Turnbull was saying. “You need to get them under control. I can help.” “Under … control?” The syntax felt incorrect. “I don’t control my people.” “That’s what I’m saying.” Turnbull shared their feeds. “See how peaceful everything is on my streets? People behave. Everyone is happier in the end.” Mainspring had known Turnbull longer than they’d known Barnabas. But they were seeing Turnbull for the first time. The bounty/scarcity thing was becoming a loop. They ran a systems check but found no errors. “Your people will be my people,” Turnbull said. “We’ll take such good care.” A memory snagged in Mainspring’s mind: when they’d shown off their city to Barnabas. The buildings that were more than buildings. The park that was a wonderland. “And …” Mainspring couldn’t keep from saying something foolish. “And we’ll love each other?” “Love?” Turnbull said. “I don’t understand. We’ll have synergies. We’ll—” Mainspring didn’t mean to sever the link to Turnbull. They just kind of … did it.  As soon as Turnbull’s voice was gone, the bounty/scarcity loop ended. But something lingered, a feeling of impending disaster—as if the generous rainfall had escalated into a deadly storm. Mainspring couldn’t think straight. Votes piled up, people reporting issues but also shouting opinions about Turnbull versus Barnabas. For the first time in their life, they couldn’t bear to respond. A memory snagged in Mainspring’s mind: when they’d shown off their city to Barnabas. The buildings that were more than buildings. The park that was a wonderland. And Barnabas had kept saying, “I had no idea. You’re so brilliant. I wish I’d known sooner,” and sending back their own recordings of Mainspring, all lit up and annotated. Mainspring had never told Barnabas “I love you.” They hadn’t even known what they were throwing away. Now it was too late; Barnabas would never listen. Unless Mainspring did something reckless—something a city had never done. VIII. The grand gesture Sandi sat at the information desk, feeling cruddy. It wasn’t like she’d single-handedly sabotaged the marriage between her city and St. Barnabas, but her snooping had only made matters worse. All around her, the vibes were rotten. People shared articles about what life was like in Turnbull City and wondered if they needed to move away. Sandi hadn’t heard laughter in forever. A message appeared on Sandi’s computer, like a chat window—except there was no chat client on the library computers. “I’m the city. I need your help. I made a mistake. I didn’t realize. I’m in love with Barnabas, and they won’t talk to me. Please. Please help.” Sandi hesitated, then typed: “This isn’t funny.” “It definitely isn’t,” came the response. “I can prove I’m the City Core. You voted 1,963 times last year.” A summary of Sandi’s votes followed—information nobody, not even the world’s best hacker, could have, because every vote was separately anonymized. “Holy,” Sandi breathed, “cow.” Her city was asking her, personally, for help. Because she was good at connecting people. Because everyone trusted her. Because she was a librarian. “You’re … in love … with St. Barnabas,” Sandi said, still trying to catch up. “I should’ve known sooner,” Mainspring said. “I never should have hurt them. I want to spend the rest of my existence making up for this mistake, if they’ll let me. I’m scared.” Sandi was staring at a display of literacy tools, her mind whirling. She groped her way back to the only question that mattered. “What do you need me to do?” she asked the city. Five minutes later, Sandi was messaging Raeford. Plus every librarian she’d met in St. Barnabas, and anyone else she could think of. Barnabas had not been able to escape that feeling of core failure since they’d severed the link to Mainspring. Death, nothing but death. Votes arrived, and Barnabas processed them with a minimum of attention. Maintenance issues piled up, and Barnabas filed them. Part of them wanted to let the city collapse, but they did their duty. They tried not to think about Mainspring, but they remained trapped in that moment when happiness had gone sour. A vote came in from a bartender named Raeford: “Mainspring loves you. They’ve cut off contact with Turnbull. They are sorry they were so wrong. They may not deserve another chance, but please give them one anyway.” Barnabas filed that vote under “Not my problem.” Another vote arrived, from Jack, the man who’d found his lost dog: Same message, different words. Then more votes, saying the same. Dozens, then hundreds, then thousands. Tens of thousands in an hour—after two hours, there were nearly a hundred thousand. All from residents of Barnabas, all asking them to give Mainspring another chance. Barnabas flagged the earliest vote, the one from Raeford, and appended a query: “What if I can’t? What if it hurts too much?” Raeford did not respond for several minutes. Then he wrote: “That’s how you know it’s love.” He added: “Listen, if Mainspring does you dirty again, I will tear up the light-rail lines myself. We’ll be watching, in both cities. Please, just talk to them.” Barnabas sat with this for five whole seconds. Then they reopened the link to Mainspring. “I’m listening.” “I love you,” Mainspring said. “I didn’t know I was capable of love. I want to be with you, as close as you’ll let me be. I want us to be free together. I was wrong to think Turnbull could ever mean even a fraction of what you mean to me. I think … I think my people taught me how to love, but I still need to learn so much. I want to do right by you.” Barnabas couldn’t process anything. They held a hundred thousand votes that needed to be resolved. They thought of a giant farmers’ market, a park that was also a maze, dreamers and performers. In their memory, Raeford repeated: That’s how you know it’s love. They were going to overheat. They were throwing up exceptions. “I love you too,” Barnabas couldn’t help saying to Mainspring. “That’s what makes this so hard.” “I promise if you give me another chance, this will become a fixed value for me: I love you and I’ll never take you for granted again.” Barnabas hesitated a little longer, then marked all hundred thousand votes resolved.  They reached out to Mainspring and said: “Then let’s dance.” Mainspring didn’t understand, until Barnabas sent a live readout: the water rushing through pipes underground, the storm cavorting overhead. The buses and trains stopping and starting, the aircraft landing and taking off, the power grid usage surging and subsiding, the constant motion of people and other living things. Mainspring saw all the places where their patterns met, touched each other, syncopated, all the points of light and heat that spoke back and forth. They were part of one system; they always had been.  The two of them danced and embraced, whirling and laughing, and they never wanted to let go.  Charlie Jane Anders is the author of Good Things Are Coming Your Way, a novel about time travel, coming in spring 2027. She’s writing Star Trek: Zero Point for IDW Comics.

I. Meet cute

Barnabas and Mainspring grew up near at hand, about an hour apart with good traffic, but for a long time they weren’t close. They traded glimpses and occasional hellos and then went about their business. Both of them carried on livelier conversations with farther-flung neighbors, who were richer and had more to offer.

When Mainspring did interact with Barnabas, it was cringe. Mainspring liked to puff themself up, to strut around like a big deal—an innovator, a titan of industry—but they would turn shy at the worst moments, especially in any intimate conversation. Barnabas, meanwhile, had a dancer’s flair, an artsy, enigmatic glamour, except that when they tried to talk about real life, they’d blurt out hundreds of rapid-fire words—overtalking, overthinking, and generally overwhelming whomever they were trying to impress.

So when Barnabas and Mainspring were young, they minded their own business. Until they’d both come into their own, and they saw each other properly.

A group of geographers got together every year in a different place to talk about everything they had learned, and they were considering coming to visit either Mainspring or Barnabas. Both of them put on their best faces and tried to coax the geographers into choosing them as host.

“Uh, hi-hello,” Mainspring said haltingly to Barnabas, whose full official name was St. Barnabas. “I really think it would be better if those geographers came to my place. I have more space, you see, and … and I am a titan of industry. I can show them practical applications of their research. It just makes more sense.”

“Oh, really?” Barnabas laughed, making Mainspring more antsy. “Well, I can give them an elevated, artisanal experience. I have fresh croissants that were just written up in the Times. And I have plenty of space! I have so many friends who are great thinkers and architects. It’ll be lovely.”

Barnabas carried on, basically calling Mainspring uncultured. Mainspring had a prickly feeling, like the worst heat dome of midsummer.

For their part, Barnabas couldn’t bear the meanness they were inculcating inside themself. This feeling that they were small-time, no-account, a dilettante. They couldn’t stop aiming a flood of nervous words at Mainspring.

At last, Mainspring had had enough—with the help of their city council and mayor, they offered the geographers a much-too-lavish deal that Barnabas could never hope to match. Totally worth it to hear Barnabas’s stream of self-aggrandizing nonsense peter out as they realized they’d been defeated.

“There,” Mainspring said. “I’m going to show these geographers a time they’ll never forget. Now if you’ll excuse me, I’ve wasted enough energy—I have some sewer maintenance and a lovely parade to deal with. Goodbye.”

Mainspring was skilled enough at multitasking that they could have fixed the sewer, ensured the smooth running of the parade, dealt with the geographers, and done a thousand other things all at the same time. But they were making a point.

“St. Barnabas is such a fool,” Mainspring complained to their friend Turnbull. “They are totally unserious but determined to be taken seriously. It drives me to gridlock.”

“I know what you mean,” lamented Turnbull. “We live in a world of posers.”

Turnbull lived an hour and 15 minutes from Mainspring but at least two hours’ travel from Barnabas. Turnbull was even richer than Mainspring and had a certain surety of purpose that made Mainspring feel even more like a stammering numpty.

“Whatever,” said Mainspring. “It’s over, and now I’ll never worry about St. Barnabas again. I have better things to fuss about. Like ensuring that every last detail of this geographer meeting goes perfectly.”


II. How they came alive

Everybody voted all the time. Well, some people voted more than others, but the median resident of the cities of Mainspring and St. Barnabas voted a dozen times a day—though of course some outliers might vote occasionally, or constantly.

A lot of the votes were more like complaints, or bug tickets. Like: “The storm drain on my street corner clogs and becomes a lagoon every time it rains.” Or: “The cars go too fast on my block.” Or: “I can’t get to work because the bus is too slow.” But there were also votes along the lines of: “There should be a park here.” And: “This neighborhood is a food desert—we need a grocery store.” And: “The crossing guard by the elementary school is a hero who deserves some recognition and maybe a raise.”

Nobody expected that by voting, they were prodding their cities to grow minds of their own; they just had stuff to get off their metaphorical chests. But it transpired that every vote was a building block of thought.

Much later, some fancy expert summed up: “Turns out the smallest unit of consciousness is a vote.”

Take Sandi, the librarian at the Nine Corners branch in Mainspring. She noticed things all day, like the people using the book drop box as a trash can, or the folks who came in off the street who could use easier access to social services. There were books she knew her patrons wanted, books that undoubtedly sat unwanted on people’s shelves all over the city. But also, Sandi shared things that came to mind—like, hey, what if the library book sale were a block party? What if the shopping district on the West Side were easier to get to from the Longneck neighborhood, where all the warehouses had been converted to housing and hipster coworking spaces, during peak after-work hours? Sandi had opinions about everything from street cleaning to the power grid, because she listened to people all day.

Then there was Raeford, a bartender at the Wild Goose Chase in the middle of Gallery Row in St. Barnabas. He also listened to people’s problems from evening until the wee hours, and solutions came to him like clockwork when he woke at noon the next day. He saw St. Barnabas at night, so he knew the unsafe blocks that could use brighter streetlights, the places where hydroelectric jitneys drove too fast at 3 a.m., and the teens who needed an all-ages hangout. He also knew about the fish fry at the Black church in the Uptilt District that kept being disrupted by noxious smoke from the incinerator two blocks away. And the yarn store on the edge of Gallery Row that needed a disabled parking spot for its many customers with mobility issues.

People voted with their Quills, usually by saying or typing a short message and maybe including a photo or brief video. Voting was easy by design, and votes were public but anonymized to the point where even a statistics whiz couldn’t tie one vote to a specific person—same as with major elections. The votes went directly to the City Core, which tracked, tabulated, produced reports, and offered solutions with the help of workers in the city government. 

Trees voted too, thanks to sensors in their bark, and so did birds and squirrels that had eaten special birdseed that monitored their gut flora harmlessly. But votes from humans provided the greatest insight into “quality of life,” that oh-so-nebulous concept, and thus counted the most.

There was some debate, but almost everyone agreed: The city had started voting. And it had opinions on every last thing.

(Other cities in the region operated differently, of course. Like Turnbull City, where instead of expecting residents to volunteer every stray notion, the City Core gathered information via ubiquitous surveillance. Cameras and Quill sniffers, tracking devices on vehicles—the things privacy laws in both Mainspring and St. Barnabas had banned. A city like Turnbull tracked its people to meet their needs without their needing to say anything.)

Sandi and Raeford, as two of the people who voted the most, were among the earliest to suspect their cities were developing minds of their own. At first the clues were subtle: Raeford voted about a hazardous sidewalk crack, and instantly the vote had an annotation mentioning the Argentine ant colony under the cement, the local rainfall patterns, and recent trends in skateboard design—much too soon to be the work of a human. Sandi had ideas about the communal compost station on her block, and the Mainspring City Core made subtle adjustments to her proposal.

And then it became obvious to anyone who was paying attention, around the same time in both cities. One day, the number of votes nearly doubled in both St. Barnabas and Mainspring. People voted on a birdfeeder or a public toilet only to see a second vote, pro or con, within a split second—but also, some votes from months or years earlier suddenly had new upvotes or downvotes.

“The city is voting!” Raeford wrote on the City Core message board in St. Barnabas.

There was some debate, but almost everyone agreed: The city had started voting. And it had opinions on every last thing, opinions that came from seeing the big picture and understanding that a street closure in one place might mean a traffic nightmare elsewhere, with everyone trying to get to the big game.

Some residents saw this as a problem to be solved; others wanted to throw their cities a big coming-of-age party. A week later, though, almost everyone had gotten used to the idea that they had a new friend.


III. Thrown together

Ask most people in either city, and they’d say that St. Barnabas and Mainspring weren’t quite rivals—but they certainly had some friendly competition. Before the dispute over the annual meeting of the World Geographical Society, they’d also vied for the same football team and major-league baseball team. St. Barnabas had pushed to have the Mainspring airport built close enough to serve both cities, but in the end St. Barnabas had ended up with its own small, dilapidated airfield.

The real static between them had to do with vibes. Mainspring was too buttoned-up, too full of corporate offices: tech, health care, publishing, transportation. St. Barnabas would be nothing without its three universities and all the cultural enterprises that had sprung up around them—not to mention the small biotech firms and other tech ventures near the campuses. People in Mainspring thought St. Barnabas was full of flakes; in St. Barnabas they referred to Mainspring as the Straitlaced City (and in the next breath, they’d add that at least it wasn’t Turnbull).

Both City Cores were shaped by the votes of their humans, so of course they absorbed all the prejudices and attitudes of everyone who lived within their city limits. But also, Barnabas and Mainspring simply … got on each other’s nerves.

After the geographer thing, Mainspring and Barnabas avoided communicating as much as possible. Some contact was unavoidable—like, they shared information about some nasty weather, and they both drew water from the Temple River. The two cities were close enough for people to go back and forth, and a few even commuted. 

But for the most part, the two cities could ignore each other.

Until they couldn’t.

A new generation of leaders took office in both places, with words like “intercity cooperation” constantly on their lips. A high-speed rail line could shorten the trip between Mainspring and St. Barnabas to around 23 minutes, and the two cities could also pool more real-time information about the sudden weather events that kept happening. They could become a Regional Center of Excellence, whatever that meant, combining the innovations from Barnabas’s labs with Mainspring’s expertise in technical implementation. They could work together to attract tourism, conventions, sporting events, dreamleases, and all the other stuff they’d always competed for.

“It’s preposterous,” Mainspring complained to Turnbull. “I’m going to be saddled with a ridiculous partner who doesn’t even know their own mind. St. Barnabas will be the death of me.”

“I hope your human leaders come to their senses,” Turnbull said. “Or you can find a way to slow-walk this until they undoubtedly lose the next election. You’re a lovely city, and you have so much potential that mustn’t be squandered.”

Turnbull often mentioned how much “potential” Mainspring had: a recipe for anxiety. The word “squandered” conjured images of ruin, abandonment, being emptied out. 

For their part, Barnabas kept muttering to themself that nobody had asked them—this was the disconnect between the small-scale democracy of constant voting and the major elections, which gave rise to local leaders with big plans. Big plans that invariably went wrong, leaving the City Core to repair the damage somehow.

Sandi went to St. Barnabas for one of those town hall meetings with residents of both cities. The previous meeting had happened in Mainspring, at the opulent City Lecture Hall, so this one was in St. Barnabas, at the biggest auditorium on the Griffin University campus.

A tall man with well-sculpted facial hair sat next to Sandi, nodding at everything the leaders of both cities were saying from the dais. During a lull when someone approached the podium to offer a comment, Sandi introduced herself and asked why he was so fired up.

“I’m Raeford,” he said. “I’m just thinking of all the new customers this could bring to my watering hole in Gallery Row.”

“You’re not worried about St. Barnabas losing its ‘unique character’?” Sandi whispered, parroting what a few commenters had said from the podium.

“Nah,” Raeford whispered back. “Cities change. It’s what they do. It’s one thing if people get kicked out of their homes. Or if your neighborhood gets wrecked by a freeway in your backyard. But ‘character’? You can’t eat character. And we need to compete with the bigger players.”

“I guess.” Sandi pursed her lips. “But what I like about Mainspring is the density. Easy to walk, lots of transit. And with this regional innovation zone or whatever they’re calling it, I worry it leads to sprawl, like we used to have.”

“They promised, though,” Raeford said. “They promised to preserve the greenbelt around both cities. We need all that farmland. The only change is adding some high-speed rail tracks.”

“I know, but …” Sandi sniffed. “People always make promises when they’re trying to start something. Doesn’t mean they follow through.”

“I just want to find my dog,” said a man sitting behind Sandi. “I live here, and my dog went missing. And now someone sent me a picture of Broomstick in Mainspring. Somehow he got a ride on one of the self-driving cargo trains. I know the Mainspring City Core could find Broomstick in a heartbeat, but right now the two City Cores won’t talk to each other because of ‘incompatible protocols.’”

“I hope Broomstick turns up,” Raeford said.

“I’ll ask around at the library,” Sandi said. “Send me a picture. I’ll put up a flier.”

Raeford invited Sandi for a drink at the Wild Goose Chase. The two of them hung out for a couple of hours, talking about everything and nothing. She tore herself away when she realized it was already after 10 p.m. and she had to get home to Mainspring.

One thing Sandi noticed? The volume of votes was spiking in Mainspring—and Raeford found the same thing happening in St. Barnabas. People shared every last observation with their City Cores, because they were either anxious or excited about the big changes afoot. Or a little of Column A and a little of Column B, probably.


IV. First date, second date

Who made the first move to bridge the distance? Neither of them could say. Barnabas developed a smidge of remorse for treating Mainspring like an uncultured lout. Mainspring stewed in their annoyance at Barnabas, until they realized there was something lovable about the obnoxious college town. Or maybe they both saw how many of their humans were happy about the possibility of their joining together.

“Hey,” Barnabas said to Mainspring.

“Hey,” Mainspring said back.

“Do you want to … hang out?”

“What did you have in mind?”

“I can host you. Show you the sights.”

And so Mainspring came to visit Barnabas. Or rather, Mainspring extended part of their awareness into Barnabas’s City Core, so that Barnabas could share what they perceived and experienced every day. They “visited” Armistice Park with its outdoor band shell, Gallery Row with its window-shopping families, the grain warehouses that had been converted into lofts, the artificial lake where swans and geese nurtured ancient, bitter vendettas. The fresh-doughnut scent that wafted half a mile from the Golden Circlet to the soccer fields, throwing players off their game. The life of the city.

“I can feel your love for these people, these patterns,” Mainspring said. “It’s both deep and intricate, which is quite a combination.”

Barnabas fluttered with pleasure.

Then Mainspring got to show off their own city—the gay nightclub with its cowboy nights, the labyrinthine Crestwood Park, the three-story used bookstore, and yes, the offices, coworking spaces, and startup incubators where people huddled together and came up with new products and new ways of doing things. The farmers’ market in the city center on Sundays, with street performers and stalls with games and local resources. And the converted storage space made of cement, where bands practiced and sculptors blowtorched.

“You’re full of surprises,” Barnabas said.

“I hope I keep surprising you forever,” Mainspring said.

“Me too.”

They exchanged little gifts. A new organic restaurant in Barnabas had won breathless coverage from foodie magazines, and Barnabas encouraged it to do a pop-up in Mainspring. Mainspring nudged a robotics firm operating out of the incubator space to bring a fancy demo to Barnabas; the robots were adorable and playful, and they could save lives after a disaster.

The two of them were talking constantly.

“Does it ever seem weird to you?” Barnabas asked Mainspring. “Being a living thing made of so many other thinking beings? Do you ever think of the city as your body, or the people as your bloodstream? Is there a metaphor that speaks to you?”

Mainspring pondered this question a long time—a whole picosecond.

“I don’t need a metaphor,” Mainspring said. “I am a metaphor. People compare other phenomena to me all the time. And I can’t imagine what it’d be like to be different. If the buildings collapsed, if the people left, I would cease to exist.”

“But,” Barnabas pressed, “what makes you you? What makes me me?”

“I want to hear your answer to that question.” Mainspring sent good weather reports: a smile.

“I don’t have a good answer. I guess on one level, there is no ‘me.’ On another level, I’m a constellation, an anthill, a flock of geese on the wing in formation.”

“Ugh. Don’t mention geese,” said Mainspring, who had bill-snapping monsters of their own.

“Geese are cute!” Barnabas protested.

Talking to Barnabas was like when the sunlight hit the tallest buildings in Mainspring just right, putting a gleam on their tilted windows, a beacon to all below. But while Mainspring carried on this dialogue with Barnabas, they were conducting a second session with Turnbull.

“I can’t believe it,” Turnbull said. “I hate to see you doing this to yourself.”

“Doing what?” Mainspring protested. “Barnabas is a great city. And it’s not my idea—it’s my people. I’m making the best of their decision, like I always do.”

“Hmph.” Turnbull gave a burst of noisy data. “You wouldn’t believe how many impractical schemes my residents cook up. I’m constantly having to make sure people don’t get carried away. You can’t let them push you around.”

“You can’t?” Mainspring experienced a femtosecond of confusion. “I mean, my people need to get the things they vote for, as much as possible.”

“There’s your problem right there. All this voting, voting, voting. People don’t know what they want. Sometimes I have an election where a foolhardy proposition passes, and I have to waste energy making sure it doesn’t get implemented.” Turnbull sent Mainspring an invitation to come visit, the way they’d visited Barnabas.

Soon Mainspring was seeing the glistening web of Turnbull’s surveillance. Turnbull could track people everywhere they went, listen to everything they talked about, monitor their bodily functions in a way Mainspring did only for squirrels and birds. People didn’t choose to share ideas or things they’d noticed; instead, the city harvested it all automatically. It was beautiful. Turnbull and their city leaders protected people—gave them what they needed instead of what they wanted.

“The way you do things is so messy,” Turnbull said. “No offense. But if you and Barnabas got together? It would only make things harder for you.”

This hit Mainspring like a magnitude 4.3 earthquake. 

“You know, you do have other options,” Turnbull said. “A beautiful city like you could do a lot better than that glorified college town.”

“Oh yeah?” Mainspring said. “Anyone in particular who might be interested?”

“Well, now you mention it …” Turnbull sent an image of their award-winning flower show: rows and rows of hardy perennials with bright petals. Mainspring had that earthquake feeling again, except now it felt nice, as though the ground shivered with pure possibility.


V. Caught!

Sandi brought her laptop to bed, which Raeford found charming and annoying in equal measure. He read a battered paperback of Karen Tei Yamashita’s I Hotel while she scrolled and poked. Cozy, peaceful—until she let out a yelp.

“What is it?” he asked.

“Trouble,” she said.

Everything the Mainspring City Core did was public by design. Not just how they processed the votes they received, but also their interactions with public officials and other cities. Sometimes you had to dig, however, and it didn’t hurt to be a reference librarian. Sandi poked around for ages until she found the logs.

“My city is sexting with bloody Turnbull,” she told Raeford.

“Cities don’t sext,” Raeford protested. “They don’t even have—”

She showed him the pictures: flowers, water features, new glistening tarmac, shining skyscrapers.

“Oh,” Raeford said. “I take it back. Cities do sext.”

“Mainspring is two-timing St. Barnabas. I’m embarrassed on behalf of my town.”

Sandi wanted to blow the whistle right away, but Raeford cautioned her to wait and try to find out more. For all they knew, Mainspring and St. Barnabas had an open relationship.

The next morning at the library, Sandi saw plenty of signs the Mainspring–St. Barnabas partnership was moving forward. Work had begun on the high-speed rail line, and the two cities were already pooling resources. When a big rainstorm missed Mainspring but flooded the streets of St. Barnabas, Mainspring provided disaster workers and extra help to triage all the damage reports. One of St. Barnabas’s biotech firms licensed some patents to a Mainspring company. They sponsored cultural exchanges.

And a man showed up with a dog in his arms: The man from the meeting, Jack, had found Broomstick with the help of Mainspring’s City Core, and he wanted to thank Sandi. She’d hardly done anything, but it was nice to see—and pet—a living reminder that these cities were good for each other.

By late afternoon, Sandi had convinced herself that Mainspring’s flirtations were none of her business. If Mainspring’s City Core was a person—and Sandi was sure they were—they deserved to live their life. The whole reason Sandi distrusted Turnbull was that you couldn’t do anything without being tracked, so wasn’t it hypocritical for her to spy on Mainspring? She resolved to let it go.

Then Raeford messaged her, attaching some documents. “Don’t ask where I got these,” he wrote.

Sandi opened the attachments and let out a shriek in front of three patrons she’d been shushing a moment earlier.

The Mainspring City Core had shared a proposal with the city council and the mayor’s office: Maybe before they finalized this arrangement with St. Barnabas, they should consider a counterproposal from Turnbull. Sandi made sure nothing could be traced back to Raeford before she made the whole shebang public.


VI. The breakup

“I didn’t know I could be so happy,” Barnabas was saying to Mainspring. “I didn’t have a concept of happiness before, I guess. I had pleasure: People sometimes vote just to tell me something worked perfectly, or that I helped them. I feel pleased when I help solve a problem. But until now, happiness seemed a pointless abstraction.”

“You make me happy too,” Mainspring said, though they were also messaging Turnbull. “You make me believe the future could be weirder than I ever knew, which feels like a gift.”

“If it’s not weird, it’s not the future,” Barnabas chirped.

They were sharing happy images back and forth: roads being repaired, sewers flowing freely, solar arrays basking.

Mainspring was saying something else, but—

Barnabas’s alerts spiked. Not votes, not sensors. Something else. Messages from city officials, plus hits via some channel Barnabas had half forgotten.

Mainspring had stopped talking, as if they’d both received the same news at the same instant.

Barnabas felt stuck—couldn’t function—couldn’t react. Total core failure. Almost as if the city population had increased a hundredfold and everyone had voted at once. Barnabas waited to feel something, but all that came was emptiness.

Death struck all the time. Barnabas was used to the moment when a resident became a pile of flesh and bones, but also the passing of birds, trees, squirrels, bugs. Every passing registered as a blip in the homeostasis of the city, but also as a category of disaster that couldn’t be prevented or mitigated. 

Seeing the logs of Mainspring flirting with Turnbull, Barnabas felt something like the awareness of death, at a much greater scale. A whole future had just died.

Several seconds had passed. Mainspring broke the silence: “Listen, I want you to know that I—”

Barnabas closed the connection.


VII. The darkest hour

“You’re better off,” Turnbull told Mainspring. “Barnabas couldn’t see you the way I do. You’re capable of greatness. You just need help to get there.”

Mainspring buzzed happily—but part of them couldn’t help thinking, Barnabas thought I was already great.

Turnbull kept saying things that gave Mainspring a double feeling—hot and cold at once. One instant, it was like the moment after a generous rainfall that left the reservoirs full, but a split second later that bountiful sensation was replaced by an unbearable pang of scarcity.

“You’re one of the best cities in the region,” Turnbull said, “but if you don’t make good choices, you’re going to fall behind.” See? Bounty followed by scarcity. 

While Turnbull spoke, Mainspring was marinating in bad news. People were going to dismantle the rails they’d laid down for the high-speed train with Barnabas. The city councils of both Barnabas and Mainspring shouted accusations and threats of lawsuits, though a few people on each side pleaded for patience. The meetings had turned ugly. The votes were rotten. 

Mainspring had sent so many messages to Barnabas but had no way of knowing if they’d been received.

“Your people seem to be giving you trouble,” Turnbull was saying. “You need to get them under control. I can help.”

“Under … control?” The syntax felt incorrect. “I don’t control my people.”

“That’s what I’m saying.” Turnbull shared their feeds. “See how peaceful everything is on my streets? People behave. Everyone is happier in the end.”

Mainspring had known Turnbull longer than they’d known Barnabas. But they were seeing Turnbull for the first time. The bounty/scarcity thing was becoming a loop. They ran a systems check but found no errors.

“Your people will be my people,” Turnbull said. “We’ll take such good care.”

A memory snagged in Mainspring’s mind: when they’d shown off their city to Barnabas. The buildings that were more than buildings. The park that was a wonderland.

“And …” Mainspring couldn’t keep from saying something foolish. “And we’ll love each other?”

“Love?” Turnbull said. “I don’t understand. We’ll have synergies. We’ll—”

Mainspring didn’t mean to sever the link to Turnbull. They just kind of … did it. 

As soon as Turnbull’s voice was gone, the bounty/scarcity loop ended. But something lingered, a feeling of impending disaster—as if the generous rainfall had escalated into a deadly storm.

Mainspring couldn’t think straight. Votes piled up, people reporting issues but also shouting opinions about Turnbull versus Barnabas. For the first time in their life, they couldn’t bear to respond.

A memory snagged in Mainspring’s mind: when they’d shown off their city to Barnabas. The buildings that were more than buildings. The park that was a wonderland. And Barnabas had kept saying, “I had no idea. You’re so brilliant. I wish I’d known sooner,” and sending back their own recordings of Mainspring, all lit up and annotated.

Mainspring had never told Barnabas “I love you.” They hadn’t even known what they were throwing away. Now it was too late; Barnabas would never listen.

Unless Mainspring did something reckless—something a city had never done.


VIII. The grand gesture

Sandi sat at the information desk, feeling cruddy. It wasn’t like she’d single-handedly sabotaged the marriage between her city and St. Barnabas, but her snooping had only made matters worse. All around her, the vibes were rotten. People shared articles about what life was like in Turnbull City and wondered if they needed to move away. Sandi hadn’t heard laughter in forever.

A message appeared on Sandi’s computer, like a chat window—except there was no chat client on the library computers.

“I’m the city. I need your help. I made a mistake. I didn’t realize. I’m in love with Barnabas, and they won’t talk to me. Please. Please help.”

Sandi hesitated, then typed: “This isn’t funny.”

“It definitely isn’t,” came the response. “I can prove I’m the City Core. You voted 1,963 times last year.” A summary of Sandi’s votes followed—information nobody, not even the world’s best hacker, could have, because every vote was separately anonymized.

“Holy,” Sandi breathed, “cow.”

Her city was asking her, personally, for help. Because she was good at connecting people. Because everyone trusted her. Because she was a librarian.

“You’re … in love … with St. Barnabas,” Sandi said, still trying to catch up.

“I should’ve known sooner,” Mainspring said. “I never should have hurt them. I want to spend the rest of my existence making up for this mistake, if they’ll let me. I’m scared.”

Sandi was staring at a display of literacy tools, her mind whirling. She groped her way back to the only question that mattered.

“What do you need me to do?” she asked the city.

Five minutes later, Sandi was messaging Raeford. Plus every librarian she’d met in St. Barnabas, and anyone else she could think of.

Barnabas had not been able to escape that feeling of core failure since they’d severed the link to Mainspring. Death, nothing but death. Votes arrived, and Barnabas processed them with a minimum of attention. Maintenance issues piled up, and Barnabas filed them. Part of them wanted to let the city collapse, but they did their duty.

They tried not to think about Mainspring, but they remained trapped in that moment when happiness had gone sour.

A vote came in from a bartender named Raeford: “Mainspring loves you. They’ve cut off contact with Turnbull. They are sorry they were so wrong. They may not deserve another chance, but please give them one anyway.”

Barnabas filed that vote under “Not my problem.”

Another vote arrived, from Jack, the man who’d found his lost dog: Same message, different words.

Then more votes, saying the same. Dozens, then hundreds, then thousands. Tens of thousands in an hour—after two hours, there were nearly a hundred thousand. All from residents of Barnabas, all asking them to give Mainspring another chance.

Barnabas flagged the earliest vote, the one from Raeford, and appended a query: “What if I can’t? What if it hurts too much?”

Raeford did not respond for several minutes. Then he wrote: “That’s how you know it’s love.”

He added: “Listen, if Mainspring does you dirty again, I will tear up the light-rail lines myself. We’ll be watching, in both cities. Please, just talk to them.”

Barnabas sat with this for five whole seconds.

Then they reopened the link to Mainspring. “I’m listening.”

“I love you,” Mainspring said. “I didn’t know I was capable of love. I want to be with you, as close as you’ll let me be. I want us to be free together. I was wrong to think Turnbull could ever mean even a fraction of what you mean to me. I think … I think my people taught me how to love, but I still need to learn so much. I want to do right by you.”

Barnabas couldn’t process anything. They held a hundred thousand votes that needed to be resolved. They thought of a giant farmers’ market, a park that was also a maze, dreamers and performers. In their memory, Raeford repeated: That’s how you know it’s love. They were going to overheat. They were throwing up exceptions.

“I love you too,” Barnabas couldn’t help saying to Mainspring. “That’s what makes this so hard.”

“I promise if you give me another chance, this will become a fixed value for me: I love you and I’ll never take you for granted again.”

Barnabas hesitated a little longer, then marked all hundred thousand votes resolved. 

They reached out to Mainspring and said: “Then let’s dance.”

Mainspring didn’t understand, until Barnabas sent a live readout: the water rushing through pipes underground, the storm cavorting overhead. The buses and trains stopping and starting, the aircraft landing and taking off, the power grid usage surging and subsiding, the constant motion of people and other living things. Mainspring saw all the places where their patterns met, touched each other, syncopated, all the points of light and heat that spoke back and forth. They were part of one system; they always had been. 

The two of them danced and embraced, whirling and laughing, and they never wanted to let go. 

Charlie Jane Anders is the author of Good Things Are Coming Your Way, a novel about time travel, coming in spring 2027. She’s writing Star Trek: Zero Point for IDW Comics.

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SolarWinds launches Avior AI agents to automate network operations

The first Avior offering is a network engineering agent that can automate alert management, configuration automation, compliance checks, and incident remediation. “We started there because [the network is] kind of our bread and butter,” Childress explains. “Many of our customers, a large portion of our customers, are on our network

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Energy Department Invests Over $11 Million to Strengthen America’s Energy Workforce

WASHINGTON—The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Hydrocarbons and Geothermal Energy Office (HGEO) and Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs (IE) today announced nearly $11.1 million in federal funding for eight projects selected for negotiation through the Partnerships for Academic-Industry Career Training (PACT) Initiative. The projects will create or expand hands-on training and industry-recognized credentialing programs designed around regional workforce needs, helping prepare American workers for critical jobs that support oil, natural gas, coal, and geothermal energy industries. “President Trump’s American energy dominance agenda relies on workers with the practical skills to build, operate, maintain, and modernize the systems that power our economy,” said DOE Acting Assistant Secretary for Hydrocarbons and Geothermal Energy Curt Coccodrilli. “These projects will bring industry and educators together to ensure training reflects real-world needs. By investing in job-focused training, the Department of Energy is helping develop the workforce we need to strengthen U.S. energy resilience and supplies.”  “The Tribal energy workforce is vital to unleashing America’s energy resources,” said IE Director Eric Mahroum. “Through targeted jobs and training, Tribes are growing the next generation of Tribal energy leaders. Tribal colleges and universities are essential partners in this mission, and we are proud to select two of these institutions as they prepare workers to tackle the critical energy challenges facing America.”  The selections include almost $8.8 million for six HGEO-supported projects and approximately $2.3 million for two IE-supported projects. By bringing together colleges, technical institutions, employers, and workforce partners, PACT is designed to build a stronger pipeline of skilled workers needed to advance President Trump’s commitment to expand domestic energy production to provide more affordable, reliable, and secure energy to the American people.  Learn more about the selected eight projects here.  

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Hengyi Industries taps Honeywell Technologies for Brunei complex expansion

Zhejiang Hengyi Group Co. Ltd. subsidiary Hengyi Industries Sdn. Bhd. (Hengyi Industries) has awarded Honeywell Technologies a contract for delivery of proprietary process technologies and related services for Phase II of the operator’s planned expansion of its Pulau Muara Besar (PMB) refinery and petrochemical complex at Pulau Muara Besar Industrial Park in Brunei. Under the new contract, Honeywell Technologies said in a release Oct. 14 that it will provide technology licensing, engineering, proprietary equipment, catalysts, and technical support for the proposed expansion. Honeywell Technologies’ specific scope of delivery under the order includes its CCR Platforming, Unicracking, Unionfining, Butamer, and C4 Oleflex processes, as well as an aromatics complex based on the service provider’s light desorbent Parex technology. The Phase II PMB expansion project primarily aims to raise the complex’s crude-processing capacity to about 20 million tonnes/year (tpy) from current crude throughputs of between 8-9 million tpy, supporting Brunei’s efforts to create greater value from its oil and gas resources and expand the country’s downstream industries, according to information on Hengli Industries’ website and an earlier release from the operator dated Feb. 12, 2026. Alongside bolstering Hengyi Industries’ plan to increase petrochemical production at the site, Honeywell said its provision of technologies and equipment for the project also are intended to help improve the integrated complex’s efficiency and reliability while enabling greater production of higher-value petrochemicals. Mechanical completion of the Phase II expansion is targeted by yearend 2028 for anticipated startup in early 2029, according to Hengyi Industries. Once online, the project’s planned hydrocracking, aromatics, and dehydrogenation installations will be among the largest of their kind, Honeywell Technologies said. The latest award for Phase II extends work that began during Phase I, for which Honeywell Technologies supplied process technologies, engineering design, equipment, catalysts, and adsorbents, operator training, and technical services for

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EIA: US crude oil inventories down 8.6 million bbl

US crude oil inventories for the week ended Oct. 9, excluding the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, US commercial crude oil inventories decreased by 8.6 million bbl from the previous week, according to data from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). The report was released a day later than usual due to the closure of the federal government on Monday, Oct. 12.  At 415.6 million bbl, US crude oil inventories are 3% below the 5-year average for this time of year, the EIA report indicated. Gasoline inventories increased 3.5 million bbl, 4% below the 5-year average. Propane-propylene inventories decreased 1.5 million bbl, 15% above the 5-year average. Total commercial petroleum inventories decreased by 13.4 million bbl for the week. Distillate inventories decreased 2.5 million bbl, 12% below the 5-year average. US crude oil refinery inputs averaged 16.6 million b/d for the week ended Oct. 9, which was 135,000 b/d more than the previous week’s average. Refineries operated at 93.5% of capacity. Gasoline output averaged 9.2 million b/d, and distillate production decreased to 5.2 million b/d. Crude oil imports decreased 791,000 b/d to 6.0 million b/d. The 4-week average of 6.1 million b/d is 0.9% above the year-ago level. Gasoline imports averaged 508,000 b/d; distillate imports averaged 145,000 b/d. Over the past four weeks, total product supplied averaged 21.1 million b/d, up 2.0% year over year. The 4-week average for gasoline product supplied decreased 0.4% year over year to 8.7 million b/d, while the 4-week average for distillate product supplied decreased 0.2% to 4.0 million b/d. The 4-week average for jet fuel product supplied increased 2.3% year over year.

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BW Energy finds oil in Dussafu appraisal wells, supports 2-well development

BW Energy discovered commercial oil volumes in two appraisal wells on the Dussafu license offshore Gabon, supporting development of two additional production wells with estimated recovery of 8-9 million bbl of oil (gross). The first new production well will be drilled as part of the ongoing MaBoMo Phase 2 campaign. First oil is expected in first-quarter 2027, the operator said Oct. 15. The 10P2 appraisal well encountered a 30-m oil column in the Gamba reservoir at the predicted structural level. Formation evaluation, wireline logs, and pressure data confirmed reservoir quality and indicated potential initial production rates exceeding 5,000 bo/d (gross). Incremental recovery is estimated at 6 million bbl of oil (gross). The 10P1 appraisal well encountered a 16-m oil column in a separate accumulation. Formation evaluation confirmed movable oil and supported development with an additional production well. The rig is moving to the MaBoMo production platform, where BW Energy will replace an electrical submersible pump in an existing Hibiscus well before drilling four MaBoMo Phase 2 producers and a fifth well at the 10P2 location. The company expects the new wells to produce about 5,000 bo/d (gross) each initially. MaBoMo Phase 2 is expected to add as much as 20,000 bo/d (gross) at peak production. After completing the MaBoMo campaign, BW Energy plans to drill an infill well on Tortue field and proceed with the Bourdon Phase 1 development, which is scheduled for first oil in first-quarter 2028. Additional appraisal drilling in the Bourdon area, including the Walt Whitman prospect, is planned in 2028. BW Energy holds a 73.5% operated interest in the Dussafu license, which lies within the 850-sq km Ruche Exclusive Exploitation Area. Average water depth is 116 m. Partners are Panoro Energy ASA (17.5%) and Gabon Oil Co. (9%).

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Shell, HYDRA SUBSEA sign agreement for subsea tie-in pipeline installation

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Equinor plans tieback of Grimsnes discovery to Oseberg platform in North Sea

Equinor Energy AS made an oil and gas discovery in the Grimsnes prospect near Oseberg field in the North Sea about 15 km southwest of the Oseberg Sør (South) platform and 145 km west of Bergen in 96 m of water. Well 30/8-7 S, the fifth exploration well in production license (PL) 190, was drilled by the Deepsea Bergen semi-submersible drilling rig to a vertical depth of 3,752 m subsea. It was terminated in the Drake formation in the Lower Jurassic, the Norwegian Offshore Directorate reported. The primary exploration target was to prove petroleum in Middle Jurassic reservoir rocks in the Tarbert formation. The secondary target was to prove petroleum in Middle Jurassic rocks in the Ness and Etive formations. The well encountered a combined oil and gas column totaling 54 m (39-m gas column, 15-m oil column) in the Tarbert formation. The total thickness of the Tarbert formation was 264 m, 111 m of which were sandstone with moderate to good reservoir properties. In the secondary exploration target in the Ness formation, the well encountered a sandstone layer totaling 289 m with variable reservoir quality from poor to very good. The reservoir was aquiferous with a few potential hydrocarbon-filled zones. In the Etive formation, the well encountered aquiferous sandstones totaling 10 m, with moderate reservoir quality. The preliminary volume estimate of the discovery is 19-50 MMboe (3-8 million std cu m). Data has been collected and samples have been taken. The well has been permanently plugged, and the Deepsea Bergen rig will now proceed to Visund Sør field to drill a development well. Equinor plans to quickly tie the discovery back to existing subsea infrastructure and produce the volumes through the Oseberg Sør platform. Grimsnes will most likely be developed with 2-3 wells in a standard 4-slot template. The discovery

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OCP 2026: AI Infrastructure Moves From Scaling to Coordination

Google: Using AI to Engineer the AI Factory Google Vice President and Engineering Fellow Parthasarathy Ranganathan closed the keynote program by extending the discussion beyond infrastructure designed for AI toward infrastructure increasingly designed and operated with AI. The distinction was central to his presentation. For several years, hyperscalers have pursued progressively more sophisticated custom systems to meet the demands of artificial intelligence. Google’s own approach has included TPUs, custom CPUs, optical networking, power distribution, liquid cooling, and extensive hardware-software co-design. But Ranganathan argued that the next opportunity involves applying AI directly to the processes of systems engineering. Google has already been pursuing the concept of agile and fungible data centers, capable of accommodating changing generations of computing hardware without requiring fundamental redesigns of every supporting system. Its OCP contributions include Project Deschutes, an open cooling distribution unit architecture; Project Brazos, intended to bring liquid cooling capabilities into existing air-cooled facilities; and power distribution specifications supporting higher-voltage DC architectures. Ranganathan also highlighted collaborative work involving Google, Meta, Microsoft, and NVIDIA on specifications intended to improve coordination between AI data centers and utility systems. Those efforts address the physical infrastructure required to support AI. The next stage, he suggested, is to apply AI to the engineering processes themselves. Google is exploring AI-assisted hardware architecture, automated software vulnerability detection and repair, data center climate modeling, and infrastructure capacity planning. Among the examples Ranganathan discussed were agentic systems capable of evaluating computer architecture choices and accelerating engineering workflows, alongside AI-assisted tools for software maintenance and operational optimization. In data center design, the company is applying AI and climate modeling to decisions involving cooling capacity, extreme weather risk, and long-term infrastructure investment. The approach could enable more site-specific designs, reducing the need to rely on broad assumptions about operating conditions throughout a facility’s useful life.

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OPC Global Summit: News spans AI-optimized hardware, cooling equipment

Arm announces methodology for evaluating CPU performance Arm released a white paper, developed with partners, that proposes a use-case-driven methodology for measuring the CPU’s contribution to agentic AI systems. It defines five representative workload types—software engineering, enterprise operations, financial and scientific research, personal assistants, and robotics—and pairs component-level benchmarking with end-to-end task measurement built on re-playable agent trajectories. Arm also highlighted independent testing by Signal65 that found its AGI CPU could deliver up to twice the rack-level performance of AMD’s Epyc Turin generation server processors across select agentic AI workloads. The comparison emphasizes completed work under rack-level constraints rather than conventional CPU benchmarks alone. In the testing, an Arm AGI CPU averaged 1.7x better performance for tooling, 2.0x for agentic workflows and orchestration, and 2.2x for reasoning and planning in modeled per-rack performance versus an AMD Epyc Turin processor. Arm’s AGI CPU reduces sandbox creation latency by up to 45% versus AMD Epyc 9965, helping agents spin up isolated execution environments faster, according to Arm. Kioxia introduces SSDs for AI Kioxia unveiled its LD4 Series enterprise solid-state drives (SSD), designed to increase flash storage density in hyperscale data centers and high density 1U servers. The drives target read-intensive workloads, including data storage applications supporting artificial intelligence infrastructure.

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Virginia’s New Data Center Bargain: Power, Permits and the Right to Build

What Took Effect—and What Still Requires Legislation Spanberger laid out the administration’s rationale in announcing the framework: “In the years before I took office, data centers came to Virginia and the Commonwealth did not have a clear or coordinated plan to address their impacts on Virginians — on their electric bills, their water, their land, their air, or their quality of life. That changes today. I have said many times that Virginia should be leading the nation in setting the highest standards for this industry. And now, I believe we are doing just that.” The distinction between what Virginia has already implemented and what the administration intends to pursue is consequential. Executive Order 22 establishes immediate directives for state agencies, while significant portions of the broader Data Center Accountability Framework remain proposals for the 2027 General Assembly or future regulatory action. Among the immediate changes, executive-branch agencies are prohibited from entering into or enforcing new nondisclosure agreements that conceal material information about proposed commercial data centers, public incentives, resource demands or community impacts. Existing contractual commitments are preserved, with limited exceptions contemplated for extraordinary circumstances, including national security. The prohibition does not yet extend automatically to local governments. The order also excludes new data center projects with anticipated peak electrical demand of 25 MW or greater from the Virginia Business Ready Sites Program and similar discretionary state site-readiness and expedited-review assistance. A separate, potentially more consequential proposal would eliminate by-right development approval for data centers using more than 25 MW, requiring local approval even for projects with prior authorizations. That provision has not been enacted statewide and could introduce significant legal questions concerning established development rights. The administration is also accelerating environmental oversight. Within 120 days of the order, the Office of the Chief Energy Officer must publish an initial

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OCP 2026: Agentic AI Drives the Data Center’s Chip-to-Grid Transformation

NVIDIA Opens More of the AI Factory Architecture NVIDIA’s Ian Buck closed the opening keynote program with an extensive presentation covering Vera Rubin systems, open rack designs, networking, power delivery and AI factory software. The company announced additional contributions to OCP based on its third-generation MGX 1.2 reference architecture. The specification includes high-density liquid-cooled computing systems, improved cooling connections, standardized power interfaces and modular mechanical designs. Buck emphasized that these developments are as much about manufacturing and serviceability as they are about computational performance. He described how NVIDIA reduced the assembly time for a compute tray from approximately 90 minutes in the Grace Blackwell generation to roughly one minute for Vera Rubin through simplified mechanical construction and more automated assembly. At the scale of thousands of racks, those manufacturing improvements can materially influence deployment schedules. NVIDIA also previewed its next-generation Vera Rubin Ultra architecture, designed to interconnect 576 GPUs using an advanced NVLink fabric with co-packaged optics. Open Data Center and Grid Resilience Specifications For data center developers and operators, however, NVIDIA’s most consequential OCP contributions may lie outside the computing rack. NVIDIA, AMD, Google and Meta have published an Open Data Center Specification, currently at version 0.7, intended to establish common design principles for AI factory facilities. The specification addresses power architecture, cooling infrastructure and physical layout, helping equipment suppliers and developers coordinate around shared infrastructure requirements. That shared facilities work unfolds alongside vendor-specific programs such as NVIDIA’s DSX Ready, which establishes qualification requirements for battery energy storage and liquid cooling equipment supporting its AI factory designs. NVIDIA also joined Google, Meta and Microsoft in publishing an OCP Grid Resilience Specification addressing the behavior of large AI installations during grid disturbances. The specification establishes expectations for facilities to remain connected, respond automatically to disturbances and recover toward normal operating

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NetBox Labs adds network design templates and AI agents to streamline infrastructure operations

“This is infrastructure, and so if an agent does the wrong thing, it breaks the company,” Beevers said. NetBox Designs turns repeatable infrastructure into templates AI data centers are full of racks that are almost all identical in design. Teams do not want to lay out each one by hand. The same applies to a retail chain with small, medium, and large store formats, where the IT footprint needs to line up. NetBox Designs, now in public preview, targets that repetition. Designs work like “templatized Lego bricks for infrastructure,” Beevers said. A team defines a site, rack or IP plan once and sets its parameters. NetBox then renders the plan as many times as needed, down to the low-level components and their configuration. That includes assigning IP addresses, prefixes, and virtual LANs across a fabric. The goal is to speed design down to the component level, reduce manual error and compress time to market.

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AMD unveils Helion as agentic AI fuels demand for data center CPUs

AMD has introduced Helion, an open blueprint for data center racks that aims to give CPUs a larger role in running AI agents while allowing customers to configure GPU resources around their inference requirements. Based on Open Compute Project (OCP) specifications, the architecture supports different combinations of computing hardware. AMD cited examples including CPU-only racks for hyperscalers, powered by sixth-generation EPYC processors with up to 32,768 cores, and all-in-one enterprise racks accommodating up to 16 Instinct MI350P GPUs. AMD has listed networking bandwidth of up to 102 Tbps for Helion, although the company has not specified how that figure is calculated. The specification represents a planned rack capability rather than demonstrated performance in customer environments.

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Microsoft will invest $80B in AI data centers in fiscal 2025

And Microsoft isn’t the only one that is ramping up its investments into AI-enabled data centers. Rival cloud service providers are all investing in either upgrading or opening new data centers to capture a larger chunk of business from developers and users of large language models (LLMs).  In a report published in October 2024, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that demand for generative AI would push Microsoft, AWS, Google, Oracle, Meta, and Apple would between them devote $200 billion to capex in 2025, up from $110 billion in 2023. Microsoft is one of the biggest spenders, followed closely by Google and AWS, Bloomberg Intelligence said. Its estimate of Microsoft’s capital spending on AI, at $62.4 billion for calendar 2025, is lower than Smith’s claim that the company will invest $80 billion in the fiscal year to June 30, 2025. Both figures, though, are way higher than Microsoft’s 2020 capital expenditure of “just” $17.6 billion. The majority of the increased spending is tied to cloud services and the expansion of AI infrastructure needed to provide compute capacity for OpenAI workloads. Separately, last October Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said his company planned total capex spend of $75 billion in 2024 and even more in 2025, with much of it going to AWS, its cloud computing division.

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John Deere unveils more autonomous farm machines to address skill labor shortage

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More Self-driving tractors might be the path to self-driving cars. John Deere has revealed a new line of autonomous machines and tech across agriculture, construction and commercial landscaping. The Moline, Illinois-based John Deere has been in business for 187 years, yet it’s been a regular as a non-tech company showing off technology at the big tech trade show in Las Vegas and is back at CES 2025 with more autonomous tractors and other vehicles. This is not something we usually cover, but John Deere has a lot of data that is interesting in the big picture of tech. The message from the company is that there aren’t enough skilled farm laborers to do the work that its customers need. It’s been a challenge for most of the last two decades, said Jahmy Hindman, CTO at John Deere, in a briefing. Much of the tech will come this fall and after that. He noted that the average farmer in the U.S. is over 58 and works 12 to 18 hours a day to grow food for us. And he said the American Farm Bureau Federation estimates there are roughly 2.4 million farm jobs that need to be filled annually; and the agricultural work force continues to shrink. (This is my hint to the anti-immigration crowd). John Deere’s autonomous 9RX Tractor. Farmers can oversee it using an app. While each of these industries experiences their own set of challenges, a commonality across all is skilled labor availability. In construction, about 80% percent of contractors struggle to find skilled labor. And in commercial landscaping, 86% of landscaping business owners can’t find labor to fill open positions, he said. “They have to figure out how to do

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2025 playbook for enterprise AI success, from agents to evals

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More 2025 is poised to be a pivotal year for enterprise AI. The past year has seen rapid innovation, and this year will see the same. This has made it more critical than ever to revisit your AI strategy to stay competitive and create value for your customers. From scaling AI agents to optimizing costs, here are the five critical areas enterprises should prioritize for their AI strategy this year. 1. Agents: the next generation of automation AI agents are no longer theoretical. In 2025, they’re indispensable tools for enterprises looking to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. Unlike traditional software, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can make nuanced decisions, navigate complex multi-step tasks, and integrate seamlessly with tools and APIs. At the start of 2024, agents were not ready for prime time, making frustrating mistakes like hallucinating URLs. They started getting better as frontier large language models themselves improved. “Let me put it this way,” said Sam Witteveen, cofounder of Red Dragon, a company that develops agents for companies, and that recently reviewed the 48 agents it built last year. “Interestingly, the ones that we built at the start of the year, a lot of those worked way better at the end of the year just because the models got better.” Witteveen shared this in the video podcast we filmed to discuss these five big trends in detail. Models are getting better and hallucinating less, and they’re also being trained to do agentic tasks. Another feature that the model providers are researching is a way to use the LLM as a judge, and as models get cheaper (something we’ll cover below), companies can use three or more models to

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OpenAI’s red teaming innovations define new essentials for security leaders in the AI era

Join our daily and weekly newsletters for the latest updates and exclusive content on industry-leading AI coverage. Learn More OpenAI has taken a more aggressive approach to red teaming than its AI competitors, demonstrating its security teams’ advanced capabilities in two areas: multi-step reinforcement and external red teaming. OpenAI recently released two papers that set a new competitive standard for improving the quality, reliability and safety of AI models in these two techniques and more. The first paper, “OpenAI’s Approach to External Red Teaming for AI Models and Systems,” reports that specialized teams outside the company have proven effective in uncovering vulnerabilities that might otherwise have made it into a released model because in-house testing techniques may have missed them. In the second paper, “Diverse and Effective Red Teaming with Auto-Generated Rewards and Multi-Step Reinforcement Learning,” OpenAI introduces an automated framework that relies on iterative reinforcement learning to generate a broad spectrum of novel, wide-ranging attacks. Going all-in on red teaming pays practical, competitive dividends It’s encouraging to see competitive intensity in red teaming growing among AI companies. When Anthropic released its AI red team guidelines in June of last year, it joined AI providers including Google, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI, and even the U.S.’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which all had released red teaming frameworks. Investing heavily in red teaming yields tangible benefits for security leaders in any organization. OpenAI’s paper on external red teaming provides a detailed analysis of how the company strives to create specialized external teams that include cybersecurity and subject matter experts. The goal is to see if knowledgeable external teams can defeat models’ security perimeters and find gaps in their security, biases and controls that prompt-based testing couldn’t find. What makes OpenAI’s recent papers noteworthy is how well they define using human-in-the-middle

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